Y2k... 2000 and dioxins. a part of our natural ecosystem

The new millennium, Y2k as it is internationally symbolized, has come closer, and as doomsayers use to say "Plan for the worst in order to hope for the best". Starting up from the scandal of the identification of high concentrations of dioxin residues in foods of animal origin, it is imperative to refer to this group of chemical pollutants which they have been, they are and they will be the focus of the interest for many years to come. Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins [PCDDs] and polychlorinated dibenzofuranes [PCDFs] are by-products of industrial processes for the production of organochlorine pesticides [OCPs], polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], wood conservation industries, chlorine bleaching of pulp and paper industries, but also the result of municipal solid waste management [MSW] with special attention to recycling processes whose environmental emission are extremely high. From the other hand, we should have to realize that dioxins have been a natural contaminant of our environment for more than 60 million years. Taking into consideration the Tolerable Daily Intake [TDI], which has been set to 1 pg-4pg I-TEQ/kg.b.w. [quantity which includes together dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls], based on their mode of action and toxicity, it is obvious that the measures which the competent authorities of every country have to put in place for the control of raw materials and food of animal origin, should have to be strict, systematic, permanent and reliable so that they safeguard consumer's health as better as they can.

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Description and Economic Evaluation of a “Zero-Waste Mortar-Producing Process” for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Greece

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc5030046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandros Sikalidis ◽

Christina Emmanouil

Keyword(s):

Solid Waste Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Wastes ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Zero Waste ◽

Household Activities ◽

Environmentally Friendly Process ◽

Clay Materials

The constant increase of municipal solid wastes (MSW) as well as their daily management pose a major challenge to European countries. A significant percentage of MSW originates from household activities. In this study we calculate the costs of setting up and running a zero-waste mortar-producing (ZWMP) process utilizing MSW in Northern Greece. The process is based on a thermal co-processing of properly dried and processed MSW with raw materials (limestone, clay materials, silicates and iron oxides) needed for the production of clinker and consequently of mortar in accordance with the Greek Patent 1003333, which has been proven to be an environmentally friendly process. According to our estimations, the amount of MSW generated in Central Macedonia, Western Macedonia and Eastern Macedonia and Thrace regions, which is conservatively estimated at 1,270,000 t/y for the year 2020 if recycling schemes in Greece are not greatly ameliorated, may sustain six ZWMP plants while offering considerable environmental benefits. This work can be applied to many cities and areas, especially when their population generates MSW at the level of 200,000 t/y, hence requiring one ZWMP plant for processing.

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Accumulation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Mussels: A Proteomic Study

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 316-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Letizia Ambrosio ◽

Rosario Russo ◽

Anna Maria Salzano ◽

Francesco Paolo Serpe ◽

Andrea Ariano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Proteomic Approach ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Seafood Products ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Analytical Approaches

ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental pollutants of industrial origin that can contaminate food, mainly food of animal origin. Although production of PCBs has been banned in many countries since the 1980s, they are still present in the environment and are considered dangerous pollutants for human health. In fact, they can bioaccumulate in living organisms such as marine organisms because of their chemical and physical properties. New analytical approaches are useful to monitor the presence of such contaminants in seafood products and in the environment. In this work, we evaluate changes in protein expression of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.) experimentally exposed to a PCB mixture and identify chemically specific protein expression signatures by using a proteomic approach. In particular, we identify 21 proteins whose levels of expression are sensibly modified after 3 weeks of exposure. The present work shows that a proteomic approach can be a useful tool to study alterations of protein expression in mussels exposed to PCBs and represents a first step toward the development of screening protocols to be used for biomonitoring surveys of fishery products.

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Peculiarities of biogenic elements migration in case of complex utilization of bioorganic component of municipal solid waste

Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal ◽

10.31481/uhmj.28.2021.08 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

V. Yu. Prykhodko ◽

T. A. Safranov ◽

T. P. Shanina

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biogenic Elements ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Complex Utilization ◽

Natural Cycles

Finding solutions to the problem of municipal solid waste management is impossible without involvement in the waste management system of the largest group of wastes – bioorganic waste, which form up to 60% of the municipal solid waste total mass. The aim of the article is to analyze the redistribution of biogenic elements subject to implementation of the Concept of solid municipal waste management by OSENU and subsequent utilization of bioorganic waste flow. Research methods include mass balance and equations of methane generation. The article presents the results of research on the biogenic elements migration in case of complex utilization of bioorganic component of municipal solid waste. The study shows that processing of easy-decomposed organic waste into a gaseous fermentation product and biomineral fertilizer allows full involvement of biogenic elements in natural cycles. The processed solid products present an additional source of organic matter and biogenic elements needed by soil. In the event of humus and nutrients shortage in soil the retrieved-from-waste fertilizer becomes an important secondary resource, containing up to 65% carbon and almost 100% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The rest of carbon is released with biogas and is eventually involved in natural cycles. Burial of such waste results in localization of biogenic elements in a landfill's body and gradual release of carbon with the products of destruction (27% over 50 years). All this data indicate the need for efficient use of such waste resource potential which is possible in case of easy-decomposed organic waste separation at the beginning of the municipal solid waste life cycle. Combustion releases only carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, the rest remains in ash. However, complex utilization of easy-decomposed organic waste ensures complete return of biogenic elements to the environment. Reuse of secondary raw materials in the form of paper and textile waste minimizes involvement in economic turnover of carbon from natural sources.

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Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8100477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rossana Roila ◽

Raffaella Branciari ◽

Ivan Pecorelli ◽

Elisa Cristofani ◽

Cristiano Carloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Italy ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Acceptable Daily Intake ◽

Animal Tissues ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Human Exposure Assessment ◽

Feed Samples

Occurring central Italy, 262 unmedicated feed samples and 353 samples of animal tissues and eggs are tested for coccidiostats between 2012 and 2017. A validated multi-residue HPLC-MS/MS method is applied for the simultaneous determination of the 11 coccidiostats licensed in the EU. The dietary exposure to coccidiostats through poultry meat and eggs is calculated for high consumers, and the contribution to acceptable daily intake of coccidiostats is evaluated. The occurrence of positive feed samples ranges from 17.2% in 2012 to 28.3% in 2017, with an average percentage of positive samples of 25%, while 3.8% of feed samples are non-compliant with a concentration ranging from 0.015 mg/kg for diclazuril to 56 mg/kg for narasin. Positive samples of animal tissues, on average, are 34.7%, fully compliant, while 16% of eggs are positive and violative residues are found in 2%. These noncompliant samples show a concentration varying from 2.4 µg/kg to 1002 µg/kg. The contribution of poultry meat and egg consumption to the acceptable daily intake of each coccidiostat is below 1%, highlighting a low direct risk to public health.

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Assessment of the Synergy between Recycling and Thermal Treatments in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Europe

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13236412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 6412

Author(s):

Marco Abis ◽

Martina Bruno ◽

Kerstin Kuchta ◽

Franz-Georg Simon ◽

Raul Grönholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Action Plan ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Management Options ◽

Msw Management

In 2018, the production of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in EU-28 reached 250.6 Mt, with the adoption of different management strategies, involving recycling (48 wt %), incineration and thermal valorization (29 wt %) and landfilling (23 wt %). This work was based on the analysis of the baseline situation of MSW management in EU-28 in 2018, considering its progress in 2008–2018, and discussed the possible improvement perspectives based on a framework involving incineration and recycling as the only possible alternatives, specifically evaluating the capability of already-existing incineration plants to fulfill the EU needs in the proposed framework. The results of the assessment showed two main crucial issues that could play a pivotal role in the achievement of Circular Economy action plan targets: the need to increase the recycling quotas for specific MSW fractions through the separate collection, and therefore the improvement of definite treatment process chains; the optimization of the recovery of secondary raw materials from incineration bottom ash, involving the recycling of ferrous and nonferrous metals and the mineral fraction. Both issues need to find an extensive application across all member states to decrease the actual differences in the adoption of sustainable MSW management options.

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Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102878 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2878

Author(s):

Lucila Canton ◽

Carlos Lanusse ◽

Laura Moreno

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Treated Animal ◽

Drug Residues ◽

Rational Pharmacotherapy ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Edible Tissues

Drugs are used in veterinary medicine to prevent or treat animal diseases. When rationally administered to livestock following Good Veterinary Practices (GVP), they greatly contribute to improving the production of food of animal origin. Since humans can be exposed chronically to veterinary drugs through the diet, residues in food are evaluated for effects following chronic exposures. Parameters such as an acceptable daily intake (ADI), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the withdrawal periods (WPs) are determined for each drug used in livestock. Drug residues in food exceeding the MRLs usually appear when failing the GVP application. Different factors related either to the treated animal or to the type of drug administration, and even the type of cooking can affect the level of residues in edible tissues. Residues above the MRLs can have a diverse negative impact, mainly on the consumer’s health, and favor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug residue monitoring programmes are crucial to ensure that prohibited or authorized substances do not exceed MRLs. This comprehensive review article addresses different aspects of drug residues in edible tissues produced as food for human consumption and provides relevant information contributing to rational pharmacotherapy in food-producing animals.

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Organic chemistry in food biotechnology

10.12737/textbook_5b02e44d96f2d0.87491203 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Юрий Блохин ◽

Yuriy Blohin ◽

Татьяна Яркова ◽

Tat'yana Yarkova ◽

Ольга Соколова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Structure ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Food Additives ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Food Biotechnology ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Influence Of Food ◽

Technological Universities ◽

Production Technologies ◽

Vegetable Raw Materials

The book deals with proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and food additives that form the basis of modern food. Their importance in human nutrition, classification, chemical structure, production in industry, transformation in food production technologies are discussed. The methods of their determination in food products are indicated. The questions of influence of food additives on the human body and their safety are covered. The textbook is designed for students in the areas of training bachelors: 19.03.01 Biotechnology, 19.03.02 food of vegetable raw materials, 19.03.03 – food of animal origin, 19.03.04 – production Technology and organization of public catering, 38.03.07 –merchandising of food, agricultural and other technological Universities, as well as for graduate students and faculty working in the field of food chemistry.

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Feed Additives Produced on the Basis of Organic Forms of Micronutrients as a Means of Biofortification of Food of Animal Origin

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/8084127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wanda Górniak ◽

Paulina Cholewińska ◽

Damian Konkol

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Organic Form ◽

Consumer Awareness ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The One

In recent years, there has been a steadily growing demand for animal protein. Consumer awareness is also growing every year, which is why breeders are obliged to provide animals with the best possible environmental conditions that will determine the productivity of animals and the quality of raw materials obtained from them. Today's consumer is looking for not only the highest quality food but also the one that will characterize health-promoting properties. Therefore, food is sought, which will be characterized by a favorable profile of fatty acids and a high content of biologically active ingredients, such as vitamins or minerals. One of the most effective methods of enriching food with these ingredients is their supplementation in feed. However, it should be remembered that the form in which such a component will be delivered is very important. High hopes are associated with the possibility of using organic forms of macro- and micronutrients, which are sometimes better absorbed than inorganic salts. The aim of the work was to collect and systematize knowledge related to the possibility of enriching food of animal origin with micronutrients using additional feed containing these ingredients in organic form.

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From designing diets for animals to designing food of animal origin – overview

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

R Markovic ◽

M Z Baltic ◽

S Radulovic ◽

D Peric ◽

D Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Human Life ◽

Standard Form ◽

Daily Intake ◽

The Body ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Positive Effect

Abstract In recent times, food is not only observed from the point of view of the required intake for growth, development and regeneration of the body, but also has a leading role in the quality of human life. Therefore, the diet focuses on optimizing the daily intake of both nutrients and non-nutritive ingredients of food, all in order to preserve health and, above all, reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Functional food can be considered food that has been scientifically proven to have a positive effect on certain body functions (in addition to the usual nutritional value) that contribute to human health and reduce the risk of disease. At the same time, it is important that the food has a standard form and that the positive effect on health is manifested by consuming the usual amount of food. The functionality of food is achieved by the presence in it of bioactive components (one or more) which have been scientifically proven to have positive effects on human health in the quantities in which they are present in food. The nutritional value of foods of animal origin depends on many factors, but certainly animal diet has the greatest impact. In human nutrition the so-called designed products of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs) are used, which are due to the specific animal diets enriched with n-3 fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids or trace elements. Today, there are nutritional strategies by which we can access functional foods for the purpose of health promotion.

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Content of nitrates and nitrites in unprocessed raw beef

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/37/2020-cjfs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

Grażyna Gozdecka ◽

Błażej Błaszak ◽

Marek Cierach

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Semitendinosus Muscle ◽

Black And White ◽

Research Material ◽

Food Of Animal Origin ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

White Type ◽

Different Parts

The aim of the study was to examine the contents of nitrates and nitrites in raw beef coming from cattle of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed, black-and-white type, originating from different parts of Poland. The research material comprised semitendinosus and longissimus thoracis muscles obtained from 176 heads of cattle. The content of nitrites in the examined muscles ranged from 0.6 to 13.3 mg kg–1 in rump muscles and from 0.8 to 13.7 mg kg–1 in muscles of the back. The most samples were characterised by the presence of nitrites in the range from 1 to 5 mg kg–1, and the least samples from 11 to 14 mg kg–1. The contents of nitrates were significantly higher, ranging from 10.2 to 73.5 mg kg–1 in the semitendinosus muscle and from 10.4 to 74.3 mg kg–1 in the thoracis longissimus muscle. Such and higher level of contamination may be the cause of meat discolouration after heat treatment despite the absence of curing ingredients. It is necessary to continuously monitor the concentration of nitrates in raw materials, water and feed to ensure the complete safety of food of animal origin.

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