A Comparison of the Percentage of “Yes” (Agree) Responses and Importance of Attributes (Constructs) Determined Using Check-All-That-Apply and Check-All-Statements (Yes/No) Question Formats in Five Countries

Check All That Apply (CATA) has become a popular type of questionnaire response in sensory/consumer research in recent years. However, some authors have pointed out potential problems with the method. An online survey using either a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) or Check-All-Statements (CAS) format for questions was conducted to provide a deeper understanding of the response data using the two question formats. With CATA, respondents select all terms or statements that apply from a given list, while, with CAS, respondents must respond (e.g., yes/no or agree/disagree) to each term or statement to show that it applies or does not apply. Respondents from five countries (Brazil, China, India, Spain, and the USA) were randomly assigned one of the two question formats (N = 200 per country per method). Motivations for eating items that belong to five food groups (starchy, protein, dairy, fruits, and desserts) were assessed. Results showed that CAS had higher percentages of “agree” responses than CATA. Also, the response ratio of CAS and CATA data was different, suggesting that interpretations of the data from each response type would also be different. Respondents in the USA, China, and Spain took longer to complete the CAS questionnaire, while respondents in Brazil and India had similar time durations for the two question formats. Overall, the CATA format was liked slightly more than the CAS format and fewer respondents dropped out of the survey when using the CATA response type. These findings suggest that the CATA format is quick and relatively easy for consumers to complete. However, it provokes fewer “apply” responses, which some psychologists suggest underestimates applicable terms or statements and CATA provides a different interpretation of data than the CAS format that requires consumers to respond to each term or statement. Further, CAS may overestimate the applicable terms. Consumer insights collected using CATA and CAS can lead to different decisions due to differences in data interpretation by researchers (e.g., marketers, nutritionists, product developers, and sensory scientists). More investigation is needed for the CATA and CAS question formats.

Download Full-text

Comparing the Rate-All-That-Apply and Rate-All-Statements Question Formats across Five Countries

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 702

Author(s):

Denis Richard Seninde ◽

Edgar Chambers

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Food Groups ◽

Rating Data ◽

Standard Format ◽

Question Format ◽

Discrimination Ability ◽

The Usa ◽

Rating Method ◽

Question Formats

Rate All That Apply (RATA) is a derivative of the popularly used Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) question format. For RATA, consumers select all terms or statements that apply from a given list and then continue to rate those selected based on how much they apply. With Rate All Statements (RATING), a widely used standard format for testing, consumers are asked to rate all terms or statements according to how much they apply. Little is known of how the RATA and RATING question formats compare in terms of aspects such as attribute discrimination and sample differentiation. An online survey using either a RATA or RATING question format was conducted in five countries (Brazil, China, India, Spain, and the USA). Each respondent was randomly assigned one of the two question formats (n = 200 per country per format). Motivations for eating items that belong to five food groups (starch-rich, protein-rich, dairy, fruits and vegetables, and desserts) were assessed. More “apply” responses were found for all eating motivation constructs within RATING data than RATA data. Additionally, the standard indices showed that RATING discriminated more among motivations than RATA. Further, the RATING question format showed better discrimination ability among samples for all motivation constructs than RATA within all five countries. Generally, mean scores for motivations were higher when RATA was used, suggesting that consumers who might choose low numbers in the RATING method decide not to check the term in RATA. More investigation into the validity of RATA and RATING data is needed before use of either question format over the other can be recommended.

Download Full-text

Characteristics associated with changes in food security status among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibaa110 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Soldavini ◽

Hazael Andrew ◽

Maureen Berner

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Online Survey ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Security Status ◽

The Usa ◽

Security Module ◽

Adult Food

Abstract The prevalence of food insecurity in the USA has increased since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, past studies have not examined how the food security status of college students has been impacted. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of food insecurity; determine the proportion of students experiencing a change in food security status; and identify characteristics associated with changes in food security status from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among a sample of college students. We administered a cross-sectional online survey to students from a large public university in the Southeastern USA. The 10-item U.S. Adult Food Security Module was used to assess food security status during the spring 2020 semester both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and students self-reported a variety of individual characteristics. The overall prevalence of food insecurity increased by approximately one-third during the spring 2020 semester from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. When examining the types of changes in food security status experienced by students, 12% improved, 68% stayed the same, and 20% worsened. A variety of characteristics were associated with an improvement or worsening of food security status category from before to during the pandemic. Similar to what is seen in other reports, we found that the overall proportion of college students in our sample experiencing food insecurity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, some students showed improvements in food security status. Approaches for addressing food insecurity during and beyond the pandemic are needed.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Wheat/Gluten-Related Disorders and Gluten-Free Diet in Paraguay: An Online Survey-Based Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020396 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 396

Author(s):

Noé Ontiveros ◽

Raúl Emilio Real-Delor ◽

José Antonio Mora-Melgem ◽

Carlos Eduardo Beltrán-Cárdenas ◽

Oscar Gerardo Figueroa-Salcido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Weight Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Adult Population ◽

Wheat Gluten ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Questionnaire Response ◽

Face To Face ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are increasing around the world, but their magnitude and relevance remain unknown in most Latin American countries. Thus, an online survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of GRDs as well as adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in Paraguayan adult population. There were 1058 individuals surveyed using a validated questionnaire (response rate of 93.9%). The self-reported prevalence rates were as follows (95% CI): gluten sensitivity (GS), 10.30% (8.53–12.29); non-celiac GS (NCGS), 5.19% (3.94–6.71); physician-diagnosed celiac disease (PD-CD), 3.11% (2.15–4.35); wheat allergy (WA), 2.07% (1.30–3.13); and adherence to GFD, 15.69% (13.55–18.02). Excluding CD, more women than men met the criteria for GRDs, adverse food reactions, and GFD (p < 0.05). Eight respondents reported the coexistence of NCGS with PD-CD and/or WA. Most cases on a GFD indicated medical/dietitian advice for following the diet (68.07%). Non-self-reported GS individuals indicated weight control (46.4%) and the notion that the GFD is healthier (20.2%) as the main motivations for following the diet. GRDs are not uncommon in Paraguayan adult population. It seems that there is awareness about GRDs and the GFD, but training about the diagnosis of GRDs is desirable because of the informed overlapping diagnoses of CD or WA with NCGS. Future studies involving face-to-face interviews are necessary.

Download Full-text

Is the public supportive and willing to pay for a national assistive reproductive therapies programme? Results from a multicountry survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e044986

Author(s):

Chris Skedgel ◽

Eleanor Ralphs ◽

Elaine Finn ◽

Jennifer A Whitty ◽

Marie Markert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Online Survey ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

Fertility Treatment ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Secondary Outcome Measure ◽

Additional Contribution ◽

The Public ◽

The Usa

ObjectivesTo understand attitudes towards infertility and willingness to pay (WTP) towards a publicly funded national assistive reproductive therapies (ART) programme.DesignAttitudes survey with dichotomous and open-ended WTP questions.SettingOnline survey administered in the USA, UK, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and China.Participants7945 respondents, analysed by country. Nordic respondents were pooled into a regionally representative sample.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were proportion of sample agreeing with different infertility-related and ART-related value statements and supporting a monthly contribution to fund a national ART programme, expressed in local currency. Secondary outcome measure was maximum WTP.ResultsAcross the nationally representative samples, 75.5% of all respondents agreed with infertility as a medical condition and 82.3% and 83.7% with ART eligibility for anyone who has difficulty having a baby or a medical problem preventing them from having a baby, respectively. 56.4% of respondents supported a defined monthly contribution and 73.9% supported at least some additional contribution to fund a national ART programme. Overall, converting to euros, median maximum WTP was €3.00 and mean was €15.47 (95% CI 14.23 to 16.72) per month. Maximum WTP was highest in China and the USA and lowest in the European samples.ConclusionsThis large, multicountry survey extends our understanding of public attitudes towards infertility and fertility treatment beyond Europe. It finds evidence that a majority of the public in all sampled countries/regions views infertility as a treatable medical condition and supports the idea that all infertile individuals should have access to treatments that improve the chance of conception. There was also strong agreement with the idea that the desire for children is a basic human need. WTP questions showed that a majority of respondents supported a monthly contribution to fund a national ART programme, although there is some evidence of an acquiescence bias that may overstate support among specific samples.

Download Full-text

Psychosocial and health behavioural impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on adults in the USA: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044642 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e044642

Author(s):

Hoda Badr ◽

Abiodun Oluyomi ◽

Maral Adel Fahmideh ◽

Syed Ahsan Raza ◽

Xiaotao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Online Survey ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

The Usa

IntroductionAlthough social distancing may help contain the spread of COVID-19, the social isolation and loneliness it causes can heighten stress, contribute to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and have deleterious effects on social relationships. This ongoing longitudinal cohort study aims to (1) characterise the psychological, social and health behavioural impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic over a 12-month period in the USA; (2) determine whether these impacts differ for certain subgroups based on sociodemographics and other individual-level factors; and (3) explore whether there are modifiable factors (eg, coping, social support) that moderate the effects of the pandemic over time.Methods and analysisAdults (aged ≥18 years) who were fluent in either English or Spanish were recruited via social media and invited to complete an online survey during the 8-week period from 13 April to 8 June 2020 (baseline). Follow-up surveys will be conducted 6 and 12 months after baseline. Data transformations, non-parametric tests or other alternative methods will be used when appropriate. Descriptive statistics and cross-sectional analyses will be performed. Longitudinal associations will be analysed using multilevel modelling with time-variant and time-invariant predictors of change in trajectory over the study period.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was received from the Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board (H-47505). Overall, this study will provide timely information that can be used to inform public health messaging strategies and guide development of assessment tools and interventions to support vulnerable individuals dealing with the long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Download Full-text

Lacking status hinders prosocial behavior among the powerful

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.6150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1547-1560 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yeri Cho ◽

Nathanael J. Fast

Keyword(s):

Low Power ◽

Prosocial Behavior ◽

High Power ◽

Online Survey ◽

Helping Behavior ◽

Future Research ◽

Full Time ◽

The Usa ◽

Interpersonal Helping ◽

Power Hierarchy

We conducted 2 studies to examine if status has varying effects on prosocial behavior for those at different levels of the power hierarchy. In Study 1 (N = 78), adults employed full-time in the USA responded to an online survey and the results showed that self-perceived power and status interacted to predict prosocial behavior. That is, lacking status led high-power, but not low-power, individuals to engage less in prosocial behavior. In Study 2 (N = 142), we orthogonally manipulated status and power and measured prosocial behavior. Once again, lacking status led to less helping behavior among high-power, but not low-power, participants. These findings show how power and status interact to influence interpersonal helping behavior. Implications for future research on social hierarchy and prosocial behavior are discussed.

Download Full-text

Development of Writing Materials for Writing Essay Based on Religious Integrated Neuroscience in Elementary School

Pedagogik Journal of Islamic Elementary School ◽

10.24256/pijies.v3i1.1111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 63-76

Author(s):

Nur Rahma Kasim

Keyword(s):

Fifth Grade ◽

Teaching Material ◽

Teaching Materials ◽

Questionnaire Response ◽

Class V ◽

Response Data ◽

Fifth Grade Students ◽

Student Questionnaire ◽

The Subject ◽

Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The main problem in this research is to find out the design of valid teaching materials and the practicality of teaching materials. This research is a Research & Development (R&D) research method. To develop the product, this research uses a 4-D development model consisting of four stages, namely: (1) the defined phase, (2) the design phase, (3) the development phase, and (4) the disseminate stage. This research was conducted in class V of SD Negeri 1 Lalebbata Palopo, which acted as the subject of the study was the fifth-grade students totaling 25 people. Data collection techniques in this study are: observation, documentation, Questionnaire, and Validation. Analysis of the data used by the researcher was to test its validity by using the Aiken's formula and for analyzing student questionnaire response data and observations using descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that the integrated religious neuroscience-based teaching material is said to be valid by three validators with several revisions so that it can be said to be valid and can be tested, then this teaching material can be said to be interesting because the results from the questionnaire responses of 20 students tend to agree with teaching material developed. Thus this research needs to be socialized so that it can become a consideration of teachers in schools in improving students' writing skills.

Download Full-text

The academic outcomes of first-in-family in an Australian university: An exploratory study.

10.31234/osf.io/rxnc3 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Rubin

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Academic Outcomes ◽

Liberal Arts ◽

Online Survey ◽

First Generation ◽

First Year ◽

Family Status ◽

The Usa ◽

First In Family ◽

University Services

Although the first-generation and first-in-family status (FIF) of university students has been of intense interest in the USA, it has received very little consideration in Australia. The present research redressed this imbalance by investigating the academic outcomes of FIF undergraduate students at a large, public, Australian university. Undergraduate students (N = 227) who were enrolled in education, nursing and liberal arts degrees completed an online survey. Data are representative of typical gender enrolment patterns for these degrees. In contrast to US research, there was no clear relationship between socioeconomic status and FIF status in this sample. Consistent with US research, FIF students had poorer academic outcomes than non-FIF students. However, this difference was only significant after the first-year of study when students were less likely to receive scaffolded learning support within courses. FIF students were more likely than non-FIF students to seek support from university services. The implications of these results for Australian universities are considered.

Download Full-text

Low parental awareness about energy (calorie) recommendations for children’s restaurant meals: findings from a national survey in the USA

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017000647 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 1921-1927 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vanessa M Lynskey ◽

Stephanie Anzman-Frasca ◽

Linda Harelick ◽

Ariella Korn ◽

Shanti Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parent Education ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Sampling Weights ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental Awareness ◽

Labelling Information ◽

The Usa ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Restaurant Meals

AbstractObjectiveTo assess parental awareness of per-meal energy (calorie) recommendations for children’s restaurant meals and to explore whether calorie awareness was associated with parental sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of eating restaurant food.DesignCross-sectional online survey administered in July 2014. Parents estimated calories (i.e. kilocalories; 1 kcal=4·184 kJ) recommended for a child’s lunch/dinner restaurant meal (range: 0–2000 kcal). Responses were categorized as ‘underestimate’ (<400 kcal), ‘accurate’ (400–600 kcal) and ‘overestimate’ (>600 kcal). Confidence in response was measured on a 4-point scale from ‘very unsure’ to ‘very sure’. Logistic regressions estimated the odds of an ‘accurate’ response and confident response (‘somewhat’ or ‘very sure’) by parental sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of eating from restaurants. Sampling weights based on demographics were incorporated in all analyses.SettingUSA.SubjectsParents (n 1207) of 5–12-year-old children.ResultsOn average, parents estimated 631 (se 19·4) kcal as the appropriate amount for a 5–12-year-old child’s meal. Thirty-five per cent answered in the accurate range, while 33·3 and 31·8 % underestimated and overestimated, respectively. Frequent dining at restaurants, lower income and urban geography were associated with lower odds of answering accurately. Parents’ confidence in their estimates was low across the sample (26·0 % confident) and only 10·1 % were both accurate and confident.ConclusionsParent education about calorie recommendations for children could improve understanding and use of menu labelling information in restaurants. Targeted strategies are recommended to ensure that such efforts address, rather than exacerbate, health disparities.

Download Full-text

Burnout in emergency medical technicians and paramedics in the USA

International Journal of Emergency Services ◽

10.1108/ijes-03-2020-0012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Celia Sporer

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Online Survey ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Content Type ◽

Emergency Medical ◽

The Usa ◽

Individual Variables ◽

Use Of Social Media

PurposeThis study was designed to examine burnout in US emergency medical services (EMS) providers. It examined burnout scores measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) on a convince sample of US EMS providers as well individual variables associated of burnout in this population.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a convince sample, recruited using social media, of EMTs and paramedics and engaged them in an online survey to obtain information on burnout in this population. The responses were analyzed using stand statistical approached in order to determine MBI burnout scores, as well as which individual variables were influential in contributing to burnout in EMS.FindingsThis study found that most EMS providers had high levels of depersonalization and medium levels of personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion. Gender differences were found as they were differences based on agency type and response area.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is the nature of sample recruitment. The use of social media for the recruitment of this type of study has not been done before. Furthermore, it is a convince sample. This issue has limited impact on the results and the ability to apply them more generally because despite the convince nature of this sample, the sample is similar to those used in other studies as well as reflect that national statistics on the make of this population. The second major limitation of this study is that it does not include job specific and organization specific factors that may contribute to burnout. The findings for the variables used in this study suggest that future works should encompass these variables as well.Practical implicationsThis study sets a clear foundation for further examination of US EMS providers and burnout. It helps to establish key ideas that can be followed up. Difference and key issues among US EMS providers need to be understood on a more comprehensive level before the assertion that they are similar to EMS providers worldwide. Ultimately, there is a need to develop better screening tools to assess burnout in EMS as well as to develop prevention and intervention programs based on clear empirical data.Social implicationsBurnout EMS provides are a harm to themselves as well as the organization that employ them. The cost of burnout EMS provider crosses over to patient care and provision of care.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to examine such a large US-based sample of EMS providers using the MBI. Other studies have used smaller sample or other tools to assess burnout in providers

Download Full-text