scholarly journals Filling the Gaps in Adolescent Care and School Health Policy-Tackling Health Disparities through Sports Medicine Integration

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemba Noel-London ◽  
Anthony Breitbach ◽  
Rhonda Belue
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
School Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
School Health Policy

The School-Based Health Centre (SBHC) model of healthcare delivery in community health is designed to address the unique needs of adolescents. Through a collaborative interprofessional approach, they aim to provide comprehensive care with the goal of reducing health disparities in underserved, at-risk adolescents. Integration of sports medicine health professionals is a novel approach to increasing available services, as well as patient utilization, while addressing multiple public health issues, including lack of athletic training services for youth athletes.

The Evolution of the Athletic Training Profession

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Eleni Diakogeorgiou ◽  
R. Richard Ray ◽  
Sara Brown ◽  
Jay Hertel ◽  
Douglas J. Casa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Athletic Training Education ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Current State

Athletic training is a health care profession with roots in athletics and kinesiology that has evolved into a critical component of contemporary sports medicine. The aim of this article is to review the history and evolution of the athletic training profession, contextualize the current state of athletic training education and research, and address priorities and challenges that the athletic training profession must confront if it is to continue to thrive. Specific challenges include addressing health disparities in sports medicine, increasing the diversity of the athletic training profession, clearly delineating athletic training’s place in the health care arena, and increasing salaries and retention of athletic trainers in the profession.

scholarly journals Understanding and Promoting Racial Diversity in Healthcare Settings to Address Disparities in Pandemic Crisis Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110183
Author(s):  
Azza Sarfraz ◽  
Zouina Sarfraz ◽  
Alanna Barrios ◽  
Kuchalambal Agadi ◽  
Sindhu Thevuthasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Majority Group

Background: Health disparities have become apparent since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. When observing racial discrimination in healthcare, self-reported incidences, and perceptions among minority groups in the United States suggest that, the most socioeconomically underrepresented groups will suffer disproportionately in COVID-19 due to synergistic mechanisms. This study reports racially-stratified data regarding the experiences and impacts of different groups availing the healthcare system to identify disparities in outcomes of minority and majority groups in the United States. Methods: Studies were identified utilizing PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO search engines without date and language restrictions. The following keywords were used: Healthcare, raci*, ethnic*, discriminant, hosti*, harass*, insur*, education, income, psychiat*, COVID-19, incidence, mortality, mechanical ventilation. Statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager (RevMan V.5.4). Unadjusted Odds Ratios, P-values, and 95% confidence intervals were presented. Results: Discrimination in the United States is evident among racial groups regarding medical care portraying mental risk behaviors as having serious outcomes in the health of minority groups. The perceived health inequity had a low association to the majority group as compared to the minority group (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.78; P = .007), and the association of mental health problems to the Caucasian-American majority group was low (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.58; P < .001). Conclusion: As the pandemic continues into its next stage, efforts should be taken to address the gaps in clinical training and education, and medical practice to avoid the recurring patterns of racial health disparities that become especially prominent in community health emergencies. A standardized tool to assess racial discrimination and inequity will potentially improve pandemic healthcare delivery.

scholarly journals A systematic review of school health policy measurement tools: implementation determinants and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. McLoughlin ◽  
Peg Allen ◽  
Callie Walsh-Bailey ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
School Health ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Policy Measurement ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
School Health Policy ◽  
Health Policy Implementation

Abstract Background Governments in some countries or states/provinces mandate school-based policies intended to improve the health and well-being of primary and secondary students and in some cases the health of school staff. Examples include mandating a minimum time spent per week in programmed physical activity, mandating provision of healthy foods and limiting fat content of school meals, and banning tobacco products or use on school campuses. Although school health researchers have studied whether schools, districts, or states/provinces are meeting requirements, it is unclear to what extent implementation processes and determinants are assessed. The purposes of the present systematic review of quantitative measures of school policy implementation were to (1) identify quantitative school health policy measurement tools developed to measure implementation at the school, district, or state/provincial levels; (2) describe the policy implementation outcomes and determinants assessed and identify the trends in measurement; and (3) assess pragmatic and psychometric properties of identified implementation measures to understand their quality and suitability for broader application. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles published 1995–2020 were included if they (1) had multiple-item quantitative measures of school policy implementation and (2) addressed overall wellness, tobacco, physical activity, nutrition, obesity prevention, or mental health/bullying/social-emotional learning. The final sample comprised 86 measurement tools from 67 peer-review articles. We extracted study characteristics, such as psychometric and pragmatic measure properties, from included articles based on three frameworks: (1) Implementation Outcomes Framework, (2) Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and (3) Policy Implementation Determinants Framework. Results Most implementation tools were developed to measure overall wellness policies which combined multiple policy topics (n = 35, 40%) and were in survey form (n = 75, 87%). Fidelity was the most frequently prevalent implementation outcome (n = 70, 81%), followed by adoption (n = 32, 81%). The implementation determinants most assessed were readiness for implementation, including resources (n = 43, 50%), leadership (n = 42, 49%), and policy communication (n = 41, 48%). Overall, measures were low-cost and had easy readability. However, lengthy tools and lack of reported validity/reliability data indicate low transferability. Conclusions Implementation science can contribute to more complete and rigorous assessment of school health policy implementation processes, which can improve implementation strategies and ultimately the intended health benefits. Several high-quality measures of implementation determinants and implementation outcomes can be applied to school health policy implementation assessment. Dissemination and implementation science researchers can also benefit from measurement experiences of school health researchers.

scholarly journals Hygienic practices during menstruation among adolescent school girls

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Farhana Salim ◽  
Nasreen Begum
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
School Health ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Sanitary Napkin ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
School Girls

Objective : To assess the hygienic practices during menstruation among adolescent school girls in selected secondary rural schools.Methods : This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December, 2015. Study area was selected on choice were four upazilas of Kishoreganj, Lakshmipur, Barguna and Sirajganj District. From the study area 15 schools were selected on the basis of convenience and accessibility. Data were collected from 438 purposively selected adolescent unmarried school girls aged 15-18 years and studying in class IX and X, through face to face interview by pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using software SPSS version 20.Results : The result of the study revealed that majority (52%) participants were using cloths and 48.4% were using sanitary napkin for menstrual hygiene management. About half of the participants got the information about menstrual and reproductive health from family members. Thirty five percent (35%) girls do not attend school during first two days of menstruation. Majority (69%) of the girls never change pad and 45% complained about unavailability of water at school. However, knowledge of reproductive health issues like minimum age at marriage (18yrs, 85.8%), minimum age of child birth (20yrs, 89%) and need for extra nutrition during pregnancy (99.0%) was quite satisfactory. The level of maternal education and economic condition were significantly associated with sanitary napkin use.Conclusion : The study revealed that higher percentage of participants was not using sanitary napkins, although their knowledge regarding menstrual and reproductive health issues is satisfactory. Implementation of school health programs for adolescents should emphasis on menstrual hygiene management.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(2) Jan 2016: 139-142

Grant writing: Moving from generating ideas to applying to grants that matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
David Nelson ◽  
Leslie Ruffalo
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Fund Research

There is an extraordinary burden placed upon the healthcare system and people as a result of health disparities that exist within the United States. If there is going to be a concerted effort to develop innovative strategies to reduce health disparities, input from the community and behavioral scientists can and should be included in this approach and narrative. Grant writing provides one vehicle to express the narrative and to provide a means to fund research and programs within clinic-based and community settings. This paper describes a four-step inquiry process to guide healthcare professionals with varying degrees of clinical and scholarship interests through the grant writing process. They include: (1) Why write grants (motivations), (2) what is the area of focus? (Interests), (3) whom should be on the project? (partnerships), and (4) what needs to happen next to move the idea forward? (actions) The complexity of psychosocial issues means that behavioral science is well suited to develop both hypotheses-driven and phenomenological research to understand bio-psycho-social health issues. Grant writing does not need to be mysterious or daunting. It can provide a means to an end, not only to fund research but also as a means to an end of health disparities.

Cardiorespiratory Responses During Underwater and Land Treadmill Exercise in College Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brubaker ◽  
Cemal Ozemek ◽  
Alimer Gonzalez ◽  
Stephen Wiley ◽  
Gregory Collins
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Context:Underwater treadmill (UTM) exercise is being used with increased frequency for rehabilitation of injured athletes, yet there has been little research conducted on this modality.Objective:To determine the cardiorespiratory responses of UTM vs land treadmill (LTM) exercise, particularly with respect to the relationship between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2).Design and Setting:This quantitative original research took place in sports medicine and athletic training facilities at Wake Forest University.Participants:11 Wake Forest University student athletes (20.8 ± 0.6 y, 6 women and 5 men).Intervention:All participants completed the UTM and LTM exercise-testing protocols in random order. After 5 min of standing rest, both UTM and LTM protocols had 4 stages of increasing belt speed (2.3, 4.9, 7.3, and 9.6 km/h) followed by 3 exercise stages at 9.6 km/h with increasing water-jet resistance (30%, 40%, and 50% of jet capacity) or inclines (1%, 2%, and 4% grade).Main Outcome Measures:A Cosmed K4b2 device with Polar monitor was used to collect HR, ventilation (Ve), tidal volume (TV), breathing frequency (Bf), and VO2 every minute. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were also obtained each minute.Results:There was no significant difference between UTM and LTM for VO2 at rest or during any stage of exercise except stage 3. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between UTM and LTM for HR, Ve, Bf, and RPE on any exercise stage. Linear regression of HR vs VO2, across all stages of exercise, indicates a similar relationship in these variables during UTM (r = .94, y = .269x − 10.86) and LTM (r = .95, y = .291x − 12.98).Conclusions:These data indicate that UTM and LTM exercise elicits similar cardiorespiratory responses and that HR can be used to guide appropriate exercise intensity for college athletes during UTM.

scholarly journals Voice-Based Screening For SARS-CoV-2 Exposure In Cardiovascular Clinics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Sharma ◽  
Emily Oulousian ◽  
Jiayi Ni ◽  
Renato Lopes ◽  
Matthew Pellan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Provider ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Strongly Agree

Abstract Aims Artificial intelligence (A.I) driven voice-based assistants may facilitate data capture in clinical care and trials; however, the feasibility and accuracy of using such devices in a healthcare environment are unknown. We explored the feasibility of using the Amazon Alexa (‘Alexa’) A.I. voice-assistant to screen for risk-factors or symptoms relating to SARS-CoV-2 exposure in quaternary care cardiovascular clinics. Methods We enrolled participants to be screened for signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 exposure by a healthcare provider and then subsequently by the Alexa. Our primary outcome was interrater reliability of Alexa to healthcare provider screening using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Participants rated the Alexa in a post-study survey (scale of 1 to 5 with 5 reflecting strongly agree). This study was approved by the McGill University Health Centre ethics board. Results We prospectively enrolled 215 participants. The mean age was 46 years (17.7 years standard deviation [SD]), 55% were female, and 31% were French speakers (others were English). In total, 645 screening questions were delivered by Alexa. The Alexa mis-identified one response. The simple and weighted Cohen’s kappa statistic between Alexa and healthcare provider screening was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.982, 0.997) and 0.992 (955 CI 0.985, 0.999) respectively. The participants gave an overall mean rating of 4.4 (out of 5, 0.9 SD). Conclusion Our study demonstrates the feasibility of an A.I. driven multilingual voice-based assistant to collect data in the context of SARS-CoV-2 exposure screening. Future studies integrating such devices in cardiovascular healthcare delivery and clinical trials are warranted. Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04508972

scholarly journals Health prevention in youth sports: innovative and interdisciplinary experiences at the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympic Games

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Multiple Skills ◽  
Youth Friendly

The Youth Olympic Games were introduced in 2010 with the aim to bring young athletes not only an experience of competition on the world stage, but also to help them learn about the Olympic values, explore other cultures and develop the skills to become true ambassadors. The Lausanne 2020 Games provided an excellent opportunity to develop innovative concepts for health promotion and sports-related prevention. The enthusiasm across various sectors of society (political, academic and economy) empowered us to bring together multiple skills to materialize the IOC’s pledge. We developed communication concept around key sports-related issues targeting the competitors and population of our region. We set up pavilions hosting the various modules in Lausanne, at the Olympic Villages (Lausanne Vortex and St. Moritz), where the modules could be tested and videos were presented. Deep Impact is a virtual reality immersion into concussion, And You …? explores the perceptions of sports-related abuse through five excerpts of blockbuster movies. The Safety Clips for youth athletes introduce ten typical adolescent sports medicine topics in a youth-friendly format. Youth and elite (role model) athletes delivered the messages rather than professionals, whilst the content was true to current scientific knowledge. Three key elements emerged. 1. The power of interdisciplinarity and innovation to promote healthy sports. 2. Adolescence is the best time to sensitize athletes and their entourage. 3. The need for strong institutional and political support to develop health prevention in sport. We look forward to building on these positive experiences and bring prevention and health in sports forward.

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