scholarly journals Sensitizing Family Caregivers to Influence Treatment Compliance among Elderly Neglected Patients—A 2-Year Longitudinal Study Outcome in Completely Edentulous Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Alqarni ◽  
Khurshid Mattoo ◽  
Surbhi Dhingra ◽  
Suheel Manzoor Baba ◽  
Fuad Al Sanabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
The Individual

Healthcare workers have reported a certain segment of geriatric patients that are suffering from abuse/neglect, which in turn has been associated with anxiety, depression, and helplessness in the individual. Family caregivers (blood relations), being the most common perpetrators of elder abuse and neglect (EAN), have also been shown to respond to sensitization if the type of EAN and the interventions are appropriate. This study was aimed to comparatively analyze the influence of intervention (psychotherapeutic sensitization of FCG) upon long-term (24 months) treatment maintenance and satisfaction in elderly neglected patients. One hundred and fifty patients (aged 41–80 years) suffering from elder neglect (EN) (self-confession) and their respective FCGs, fulfilling the study criteria, participated in this longitudinal 2-year study. The patients were randomly distributed (simple random, convenient) in two equal groups (75 each), namely Group (GP) A (control) and GP B (test). A standardized, complete denture treatment was initiated for all the participants. Both the FCGs and the patients of GP B were sensitized (psychotherapeutic education) for EN, while there was no such intervention in GP A. The influence of such intervention was measured for denture maintenance [denture plaque index (DPI) scores] and treatment satisfaction (10-point visual analog scale). Absolute/relative frequencies and means were major calculations during data analysis. Differences between the groups for any treatment compliance parameter was done through the unpaired t-test, while Karl Pearson’s test determined the level of relationship between variables (p-value < 0.05). Decrease in mean DPI scores (suggesting improvement) was seen among patients in GP A from 1 month (m = 2.92) to 24 months (m = 2.77). A negligible increase in DPI scores was observed among patients of GP B from 1 month (m = 1.38) to 24 months (m = 1.44). Differences in mean values between the two groups were statistically significant at 24-month intervals, while the relationship between the variables was nonsignificant. FCG sensitization through psychotherapeutic education shows a long-term positive influence on the treatment compliance (maintenance and satisfaction). Identifying the existence of EAN among geriatric patients, followed by psychotherapeutic education of FCGs is recommended for routine medical and dental long-duration treatment procedures.

scholarly journals Impact of Sensitization of Family Caregivers upon Treatment Compliance among Geriatric Patients Suffering from Elder Abuse and Neglect

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Rishabh Garg ◽  
Khurshid Mattoo ◽  
Lakshya Kumar ◽  
Imran Khalid ◽  
Fawaz Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elder Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Geriatric patients in various outpatient department (OPDs) have been found to agonize from elder abuse and neglect (EAN). Such suffering imposes depressive states within individuals, which in turn affects treatment compliance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sensitization (psychotherapeutic) of family caregivers (FCGs) upon two denture treatment parameters (maintenance and treatment satisfaction) among EAN patients and compare the differences in outcome with non-abused patients. A survey of completely edentulous subjects (n = 860, aged 41–80 years) provided a sampling frame of 332 EAN patients from which 150 patients (including FCGs) fulfilling the study criteria were distributed (simple random, convenient) into two groups (Group A—control, Group B—test). FCG sensitization for subjects in Group B was performed by a clinical psychologist in 2–4 short (30 min) sessions. Demographic characteristics (frequency) were measured using a self-reported questionnaire, denture maintenance was measured using a denture hygiene index (scores), and treatment satisfaction was analyzed on a 10-point visual analog scale. Relevant data were calculated for means and absolute/relative frequencies. Any difference between two groups was estimated using an unpaired t-test while the level of relationship was determined by Karl Pearson’s test at a p-value of < 0.05. The results showed highest frequency (38.6%) for neglect, with elder neglect (EN) being most common (38.14% alone and 14% in combination). EN was found more if the FCG was a son (52%), in the age group (21–30 years), and with low education and low income (75%). Patients whose FCGs were counselled (Group B) demonstrated low denture plaque scores (mean = 1.38 ± 0.618), while demonstrating comparatively higher scores in six different parameters of treatment satisfaction. Differences between the two groups for both parameters were also found to be statistically significant. Psychotherapeutic counselling in the form of FCG sensitization brings better results of denture maintenance and treatment satisfaction.

scholarly journals Treatment compliance and retention in care among out-patient clients in a tertiary health institution in plateau state North Central Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Tolulope O. Afolaranmi ◽  
Zuwaira I. Hassan ◽  
Joy L. Mbak ◽  
Davou W. Luka ◽  
Takzhir N. Audu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Structured Interventions

Background: Compliance with prescribed treatment and retention in care are key components in the management of chronic diseases which is vital in averting the long term complications that could arise from such conditions. Failure to comply with treatment recommendations is often associated with poor retention in care. In view of this, this study was conducted to determine the level of treatment compliance and retention in care among patients with hypertension and diabetes in Jos University Teaching Hospital.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 290 eligible respondents between September and November 2017 using quantitative method of data collection. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis with adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval used as point and interval estimates while p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 54.5±13.1 years with 43.8% of the respondents found to have satisfactorily complied with prescribed treatment while 117 (40.3%) were uninterruptedly retained in care within the last 6 months' clinic appointments  prior to the study.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the levels of compliance with treatment and retention in care bringing to bear the need to provide structured interventions targeted at attaining improvement in compliance with treatment and retention in care among individuals on long term care.

Increased Procoagulant Cell-Derived Microparticles (MP) in Splenectomized Patients with ITP: New Prediisposing Factors for Thrombosis.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2637-2637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Fontana ◽  
Wenche Jy ◽  
Pamela Dudkiewicz ◽  
Miriam Yaniz ◽  
Carlos J. Bidot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Platelet Counts

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Splenectomy has been widely employed in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and various other disorders. Increased life threatening infection is well recognized but the long-term safety of splenectomy has not yet been delineated. Splenectomy has been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular death [Lancet, 1977; 2 (8029):127–9] and ischemic small vessel disease leading to recurrent TIA and cognitive impairment [Thromb Res, 2000; 107: 337–44]. Recent studies have demonstrated that procoagulant MP play an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and cardiovascular complications (JTH, 2005; 3: 884–7). In the present study, we investigated profiles of cell-derived microparticles (MP) and thrombotic events in ITP patients with / without splenectomy. METHODS: Fifty-seven patients meeting diagnostic criteria of ITP were studied. Excluded were those with HIV, viral hepatitis, or lupus anticoagulant. Fifteen had splenectomy (ITPs) while 42 had not (ITPns). The ITPs group comprised 11F, 4M, while ITPns group had 28F, 14M. The 2 groups were comparable in sex, ages and platelet counts. In the latter, 9 failed to undergo remission, having active ITP (ITPs-A) while the other 6 were in remission (ITPs-R) following splenectomy. In the ITPns group, 23 responded poorly to therapies (ITPns-A) while the remaining 19 were in remission (ITPns-R). CBC and platelet counts, blood chemistry and PT, aPTT were measured. Flow-cytometry was employed to assay cell-derived MP from platelets (PMP) by anti-CD41, from leukocytes (LMP) by anti-CD45, from red cells (RMP) by anti-glycophorin, and from endothelial cells (EMP) by anti-CD31+/anti-CD41-. All patients were followed and incidence of thrombotic events was evaluated. RESULTS: Data are summarized in Table 1. Mean values of EMP, LMP, PMP and RMP were all significantly higher except PMP in ITPs compared to ITPns: RMP (p=0.002), EMP (p=0.008), LMP (p=0.03). In addition, aPTT was significantly shortened in ITPs vs ITPns (p=0.0059), as well as in ITPs-A vs. ITPns-A (p=0.0025). In the ITPs-R group, the aPTT was shorter than ITPns-R but did not reach statistical significance. Thrombotic events were recorded in 6 of the 15 ITPs group (40%) but in only 4 of the 42 ITPns (10%), p<0.001. Of the 6 ITPs with thrombosis, 5 had TIA and one DVT. Of the 4 with ITPns, 3 had TIA and 1 DVT. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Cell-derived MP, which are known to be procoagulant and implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and inflammation, are significantly elevated, (ii) along with significantly shortened aPTT and (iii) thrombotic events were more prevalent in those without spleen compared to those with spleen among ITP patients. These observations support the hypothesis that spleen is the main site of clearance of procoagulant MP, and that accumulation of procoagulant MP may increase risk of thrombotic complications following splenectomy. A larger-scale study is warranted to clarify the long term safety of splenectomy in ITP and other disorders. Table 1 ITPs (no spleen) ITPns (with spleen) p value Patients; n= 15 42 EMP 730 323 0.008 PMP 16147 10995 0.11 LMP 1810 1238 0.03 RMP 2777 1759 0.002 aPTT 22.5 25.7 0.006 Thrombosis 40% 10% 0.002

scholarly journals Differential GFR estimation of the double moiety kidneys by modified GATE’S formula

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Sivasubramaniyan V
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nephron Sparing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

Aim: This retrospective analysis of the GFR values of the individual moieties obtained by using a novel software with modified GATE’S formula in the in house software created at SSSIHL, compared and evaluated with the value derived by the combined GFR value of the single kidney GFR as obtained from the Icon software loaded in the gamma camera. Materials and Method: This retrospective study of 10patients diagnosed with unilateral double moiety and 5 patients with bilateral duplication was undertaken to validate the modified GATE’S formula in house software created at SSSIHL. This group had 12 males in the age range of 03-66 years with the mean age of 26.5 ± 2 years and 3 females in the age range of 29 – 31 years with mean age of 31 ± 2 years. Renal scans were done using Siemens dual head gamma camera (E.CAM). The radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA 5 mCi was injected as a bolus intravenously for the adult patients and 3 mCi was injected for the children. The images were obtained and processed by using GFR/Renal differential processing protocol in icon software. Later the raw data of the scan study transferred to the workstation loaded with the in house software created at SSSIHL with modified GATE’S formula created by us. The individual moiety GFR values were calculated using the software with modified Gate’s formula developed in MATLAB GUI algorithm and tabulated. Then the combined value of individual moiety GFR values compared with that of the individual whole kidney GFR value obtained by the Icon software protocol. Result: The T test evaluation done in the online statistical calculator of Maths Portal org revealed that the mean values of the two groups showed no significant difference at p < 0.05. The calculated t value is smaller than the critical value (0.0217 < 2.024), so the means are not significantly different. Pearson Correlation performed between the above two samples using statistical online calculators also showed the correlation coefficient of r = 0.9247 and a mean difference of 0.09 indicating that the high correlation between them. The observed significance p value < 0.0001 at t value of 10.27, showed no significant difference detected between the two samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the in house software created at SSSIHL with modified GATE’S formula method of GFR calculating software showed identical values with that of the GFR calculated with the original Gate’s formula. This was found to be useful in calculating the GFR of individual moieties separately in the cases of Double moieties in both Unilateral and Bilateral involvement effectively. The utility and usefulness of the separate estimation of individual moieties GFR needed for Nephron Sparing Surgery.

scholarly journals Covid-19 High Attack Rate Can Lead to High Case Fatality Rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tareef Fadhil Raham
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: During the current Covid-19 pandemic case fatality rate (CFR) estimates were subjected to a lot of debates regarding the accuracy of its estimations, predictions, and the reason of across countries variances. In this context, we conduct this study to see the relationship between attack rate (AR) and CFR. The study hypothesis is based on two: 1- evidence suggests that the mortality rate (MR) has a positive influence on case fatality ratio (CFR), 2- and increase number of Covid-19 cases leads to increased mortality rate (MR). Material and methods: Thirty countries and territories were chosen. Inclusion criterion was > 500 Covid-19 reported cases per 10,000 population inhabitants. Data on covid-19 cases and deaths was selected as it was on March 10, 2021. Statistical methods used are descriptive and one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), the one-way ANOVA, Levene, least significant different (LSD), and matched paired-samples T-tests. Results: ANOVA test showed a significant difference at P<0.01 among all studied groups concerning AR and CFR mean values. Group of countries with MR ≥ 15 death / 104 inhabitants recorded the highest level of crude mean CFR and AR values, and recorded the highest gap with leftover groups, especially with countries reported MR of <10 death/ 104 inhabitants. There were independence 95% confidence intervals of mean CFR and AR values between countries with ≥ 15 death / 104 MR and countries with MR of <10 death /104. There was a significant difference between countries with MR ≥ 15 death / 104 inhabitants and countries with MR of <10 death / 10 4 inhabitants groups through least significant difference (LSD) test for CFR%( 0.042 p-values) and Games Howell (GH) test for AR/104 (p-value 0.000). Conclusions: CFR has a positive significant association with AR.

PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS DAN HUTANG JANGKA PANJANG TERHADAP KEMAMPULABAAN (Studi Kasus pada PT. Matahari Putra Prima Tbk. dan PT. Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yuli Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Know How ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Independent Variable

   The purpose of this research is to get an understanding about how is liquidity and long-term debt can influence the profitabillity. By doing this research,we expect that the result can give the advantage for others related to know  how the influence of liquidity and long-term debt toward the profitability.    The conslusion based on the classic assumption test showing that liquidity and long-term debt has a significant influence according to profitability. These can be seen from one of the classic assumption test,test f,which means p-value from f or signification grade is 0.000 ≤ α = 5%,the result shows that H0 refused dan Ha accepted. It means there is a relation between dependent variable with various independent variable   Test statistics of the variables influence liquidity and long-term debt of the ROA, a significant effect. Liquidity has a positive influence on ROA and long term-debt has a negative effect on ROA. Keywords: Liquidate,Long-term debt, and Profitability 

scholarly journals Perceptions of Facility Workers and Family Caregivers toward CCTV in Long-Term Care Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Min Jae Lee ◽  
Sujin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Chi Squared

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare facility workers’ and family caregivers’ perceptions toward closed-circuit television (CCTV) in long-term care facilities.Methods: The participants included 70 family caregivers and 66 facility workers in nine long-term care facilities. A structured questionnaire gathered participants’ perceptions of CCTV in long-term care facilities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS 26.0.Results: Family caregivers positively perceived both the function (p<.001) and compulsory installation (p<.001) of CCTV in long-term care facilities compared to facility workers. Also, family caregivers highly perceived the necessity of two improvement plans for CCTV application: “the agreement on a video-data-application plan” (p=.032), and “the necessity of a video-analytics expert” (p=.001) compared to facility workers.Conclusion: Family caregivers were more likely to recognize the importance of CCTV in long-term care facilities than facility workers. Further education on the necessity of CCTV, its positive functions, and various usage methods is required considering that the discussion on CCTV installation in long-term care facilities will become more prevalent. In addition, the legal regulations related to CCTV installation should be prepared in detail. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand that CCTV is not a solution to elder abuse, and long-term care facilities should consider future uses of AI-CCTV.

Goal Attainment and Treatment Compliance in a Cognitive-Behavioral Telephone Intervention for Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Wilz ◽  
Denise Schinköthe ◽  
Renate Soellner
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Telephone Intervention ◽  
Effective Interventions

Introduction: The evaluation of effective interventions is still needed to prevent family caregivers of persons with dementia from becoming physically or mentally ill. However, in most existing intervention studies, primary outcomes are not well matched to the treatment goals. Method: A randomized controlled trial (N = 229) was conducted to compare a treatment group (CBT), a treated control group, and an untreated control group. In theses analyses we focused on the primary outcome measurement (GAS) as a perceived treatment success as well as treatment compliance and participants’ evaluation. Results: Results showed that 30.1% achieved complete goal attainment, 39.8% partial goal attainment, and 24.1% declared no change (overachievement 2.4%; deterioration 3.6%). Discussion: The intervention can be considered to have been successful.

Isolated Liner Revision for Total Knee Arthroplasty Instability: A Road That Should Remain Less Taken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Tegethoff ◽  
Rafael Walker-Santiago ◽  
William M. Ralston ◽  
James A. Keeney
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Femoral Component ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Component Revision

AbstractIsolated polyethylene liner exchange (IPLE) is infrequently selected as a treatment approach for patients with primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prosthetic joint instability. Potential advantages of less immediate surgical morbidity, faster recovery, and lower procedural cost need to be measured against reoperation and re-revision risk. Few published studies have directly compared IPLE with combined tibial and femoral component revision to treat patients with primary TKA instability. After obtaining institutional review board (IRB) approval, we performed a retrospective comparison of 20 patients treated with IPLE and 126 patients treated with tibial and femoral component revisions at a single institution between 2011 and 2018. Patient demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, time to initial revision TKA, and reoperation (90 days, <2 years, and >2 years) were assessed using paired Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test with a p-value <0.01 used to determine significance. Patients undergoing IPLE were more likely to undergo reoperation (60.0 vs. 17.5%, p = 0.001), component revision surgery (45.0 vs. 8.7%, p = 0.002), and component revision within 2 years (30.0 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.0001). Differences in 90-day reoperation (p = 0.14) and revision >2 years (p = 0.19) were not significant. Reoperation for instability (30.0 vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001) and infection (20.0 vs. 1.6%, p < 0.01) were both higher in the IPLE group. IPLE does not provide consistent benefits for patients undergoing TKA revision for instability. Considerations for lower immediate postoperative morbidity and cost need to be carefully measured against long-term consequences of reoperation, delayed component revision, and increased long-term costs of multiple surgical procedures. This is a level III, case–control study.

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