scholarly journals In Service of the Society? Medical Associations as Agents of Social Change—Implication for Health Policy and Education in Israel

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Baruch Levi ◽  
Nadav Davidovitch ◽  
Keren Dopelt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to explore what medical associations in Israel do to promote public health, what values underpin their activities, and how their actions can be interpreted. For this purpose, an analysis of both individual and organizational levels was applied in an effort to yield a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between society and the medical profession. In-depth interviews with senior physicians were conducted, combined with a review of policy and public initiatives of medical associations between 2008 and 2018. The findings of this study reveal that medical associations engage in a range of social and policy initiatives designed to promote public health, but, at the same time, they tend to construct socially related health issues as medical problems in a manner that fits their sectorial agendas. This may reflect organized medicine’s efforts to extend its dominance over society through the application of the biomedical model to social issues. It is necessary to integrate biosocial training with medical education to ensure that future physicians are equipped with the skills needed to implement social medicine.

scholarly journals Trade Negotiation Capacity and Health Carve-Outs in Trade Agreements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sheikh Shahnawaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Trade Negotiation ◽  
Public Health Spending ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fiscal Regime ◽  
The Relationship

There is a dearth of scholarship on the relationship between international trade and health status in countries. This paper contributes to filling this gap by proposing a formal analytical framework to study the link between the extent of health issues carved out from trade agreements by negotiating countries and their expenditure on public health. We also examine the role played by the nature of the political and fiscal regime prevalent in the country in the securing of the carve-outs. The model predicts that a higher level of carve-outs is more likely for countries that have relatively low levels of public health spending and which tend to be more politically free and fiscally liberal. We provide anecdotal evidence that supports our findings.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection/AIDS In Children: The Next Decade

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-935
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Ammann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Critical Issues

The next decade of HIV/AIDS must resolve critical issues. It will be necessary to probe deeply to examine what is currently known, identify what needs to be known, and find ways to solve the issues that must be confronted. How to best achieve solutions in a timely manner must also be determined. Seven priorities of major importance have been identified. There are others, and there will be new ones. Each issue is complex, but each one must be faced with the hope that solutions will be found. After 10 years, HIV infection is at risk of becoming institutionalized, bringing with it an acceptance of the issues as inherent to the disease. Patients look to the medical profession and scientific community to provide hope. But there are also significant educational, psychological, social, and public health issues that must be resolved. The first decade of AIDS consisted of recognition, diagnosis, and early treatment. If hope is to be brought to our children and their parents, the next decade must consist of the prevention and therapeutic control of HIV and its complications.

American Evangelists and Tuberculosis in Modern Japan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisheva A. Perelman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Modern Japan ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medical Missionary ◽  
The Relationship

The tuberculosis epidemic of Meiji and Taishō helped to define the relationship between Japan’s government and the foreign, Protestant nondenominational evangelist organizations and individuals who had recently arrived on the archipelago. For those willing to undertake medical missionary work, particularly concerning public health issues that the government chose to ignore, tuberculosis could have provided an arena in which to prove both utility to the nation and enthusiasm for Japan’s industrial modernization, a moral enterprise. Yet theirs was also a utilitarian mission—more converts would mean more funds for the mission, either from the pockets of the recently converted or from foreign supporters who were bolstered by promising statistics. The victims of the tuberculosis epidemic were pawns in the interactions between the Japanese government and foreign evangelists, as their existence (physical and spiritual) was often used to mediate the relationship between their government and their caretakers. These potential caretakers included the Y.M.C.A., The Salvation Army, and individuals who formerly fell under the auspices of each. These organizations, and the Japanese government, at whose behest they often worked, parsed and differentiate the value of human life medically, politically, culturally, and in terms of gender, labor, and utility.

Gendering Guilt among Dependent Family Members’ Caregivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Teresa Brea ◽  
María-Jesús Albar ◽  
Rosa Casado-Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Home Placement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Medicine Community

AbstractThis study analyzes guilt among family caregivers of dependent patients, from a gender perspective. A qualitative design was used, conducting in-depth interviews and focus groups. Using purposive sampling, we selected 73 family caregivers and 23 health professionals (family medicine, community nursing, and social work) from the Primary Care District of Seville. The content of the information collected was analyzed in terms of the following categories: a) guilt for abandoning family and friends; b) guilt for the relationship with the dependent person; and c) guilt for placing the relative in a nursing home. To validate the findings, data sources, methodological techniques, and researchers’ disciplines were all triangulated. Results indicated that women report more guilt than men for abandoning family and friends, and because of their relationship with the dependent person. However, with respect to nursing home placement, no difference was observed as a function of gender. The high incidence of caregiver guilt needs to be addressed by health professionals to avoid the emergence of other mental health issues.

scholarly journals Public Information, Traditional Media and Social Networks during the COVID-19 Crisis in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6534
Author(s):  
Antonio Baraybar-Fernández ◽  
Sandro Arrufat-Martín ◽  
Rainer Rubira-García
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
The Relationship

This research presents a diachronic study of the information given about COVID-19 by the main Spanish mass media through their accounts on social networks. The time frame of the analysis ranges from 1 March to 21 June 2020. Data were collected from the days prior to the proclamation of the state of alarm in Spain, in order to observe the growth in the demand for information about COVID-19, and ended on the day that the Spanish government allowed mobility between provinces and, consequently, the expiration of the alarm. It begins with a quantitative and qualitative analysis, the results of which allow us to explain the demand for public information, the degree of interest in the news and the level of interaction that developed. By adapting the Kübler-Ross model, it has been possible to identify the different stages of this public health and communication crisis in relation to public information and media sustainability. It has established the effectiveness of Facebook as an information platform with direct links to news, superior to other networks; the users’ predilection for issues of a social nature over political and technical–health issues; or the relationship found between the rate of publication of messages and the number of deaths from COVID-19.

scholarly journals An agency mapping of marginalized communities and aid providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Melati Nungsari ◽  
Chuah Hui Yin ◽  
Nicole Fong ◽  
Veena Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Given the urgent need for help amongst vulnerable populations throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, civil society organizations (CSOs) and members have stepped up to provide support for impacted communities. The process of responding to these urgent needs reflects the agency and resilience of civil society members in accessing or providing resources. There is still a lack of understanding of how is human agency exercised in the context of power imbalances. Such an understanding is important not only for creating an effective and inclusive aid delivery mechanisms but also improving preparedness for future public health and economic crises. Methods: This study utilizes Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory to comprehensively map the agency landscape of aid providers and marginalized populations during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Assuming that these populations’ main goals are access to aid while providers’ main goals are to provide aid, this study categorizes the different modes of agency involved and highlights environmental facilitators and constraints for each of these groups in achieving their goals. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 34 participants. Using a hermeneutic content analysis based on a sample of 824 textual excerpts from the interviews, we explore the relationship between each component of the agency landscape to understand the relationships between them. Results: We find that marginalized populations are often unable to achieve their goals despite clear intentions to survive. Additionally, we find that proxy agency is problematic for marginalized populations and characterize why this is the case. Conclusions: Finally, we present policy recommendations which prioritise marginalized populations and their needs, while removing barriers to accessing aid.

scholarly journals Communication, Coordination, Logistics and the Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) During Disaster in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1383-1395
Author(s):  
Haslinda A. ◽  
Nazree Ismail ◽  
Nur Hidayah Roslan ◽  
Maimunah Omar
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Significant Factors

In times of crisis or disaster such as the recent floods of December 2014 in the northern and eastern Malaysian states of Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak and Kedah, non-governmental organizations played a significant role in assisting the authorities and government agencies in collecting and providing aid to victims. Under normal circumstances non-governmental organizations vary in what they do and would normally focus on specific issues such as environmental issues, health issues or social issues. However in times of crisis or disaster, these organizations expand their role by assisting authorities with relief efforts ranging from financial assistance to manpower to basic necessities such as food, water, clothing and even logistical assets such as lorries, helicopters and other types of vehicles. The available literature has suggested that individuals, groups and organizations such as non-governmental organizations innovate as seen by countless relief effort activities conducted by non-governmental organizations in times of crisis or disaster in the past. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between communication, coordination, and logistical factors toward the role of NGOs when faced with a crisis in Malaysia. The outcome of the study revealed that coordination and logistics are the main and significant factors contributing to the role of NGOs in times of crisis or disaster. With regard to communication, the findings revealed that this is a significant aspect however it does not contribute towards the role of NGOs in times of crisis. Finally, this study also found that preparation and training contributes to the successful role of NGOs in dealing with crisis or disaster situations, suggesting that more needs to be done in terms of planning, budgeting and training to prepare volunteers. The implications of this study on the surveyed respondents from various non-governmental organizations in terms of experience, requirements, support and issues are discussed.

The Relationship between Health Status Perceptions and Compliance with Chronic Drug Therapy - Market Research as a Pilot Study (and Beyond)

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Juliene L. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
International Study ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Longitudinal Clinical Study

This paper summarises the design, analysis and results of an international study to improve knowledge of the reasons for non-compliance with drug therapy for a largely asymptomatic chronic disease. Market research methods were chosen in order to assess the viability and value of investing in a more expensive and time-consuming definitive longitudinal clinical study. It also leads to important conclusions in its own right. After a programme of qualitative research (focus groups and individual depth interviews) followed by quantitative research we show results that could, in themselves, lead to action and demonstrate that investment in a longitudinal clinical investigation could lead to action with benefits for public health as well as the pharmaceutical industry.

Environmental Public Health Law: Three Pillars

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (S1) ◽  
pp. 34-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Jackson ◽  
Timothy F. Malloy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Law And Science ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organizing Principles

Most people dread being the subject of interest for doctors, scientists, regulators, and lawyers. While we may joke about the arrogance of the medical profession and the aggressiveness of the legal field, both lie at the core of environmental public health (EPH). They are inseparable, sometimes complementary and other times in tension. The role of medicine and science in EPH is clear, but their relationship with law is often opaque. Yet in no other area of public health, from infectious and chronic disease prevention to providing health care in underserved communities, is law so central as an instrument and partner. In this article we explore the relationship of law and science in the broader context of EPH, beginning with an overview of potential goals and challenges. We then offer three organizing principles that inform and guide the integration of law, science and policy in EPH.

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