scholarly journals Conservation of the Traditional Grain Mills in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt: Study of Mechanical Systems and Restoration

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-272
Author(s):  
Yasser Ali
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Gear Wheel ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Dakhla Oasis ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
Mechanical Movement

This paper is the first study of traditional grain mills in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt, to ensure the sustainability of these traditional production systems while retaining their original function. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical systems of the animal-powered traditional mills in Dakhla Oasis, which remain the key to figuring out the puzzle of how these mills work and produce flour. This is an original study that examines a sample animal-powered mill to be conserved; this sample old mill was selected from seven potential grain mills, after investigating each mill. This study provides the technical background and description of the selected grain mill in Dakhla Oasis, and describes its working and mechanical movement. In addition, the physical properties of the historic grain mill wood were measured (e.g., density, shrinkage, and hardness), using scientific techniques, to get some information about their properties. In this study, the methodology for grain mill conservation was based on a combination of the traditional experience of the old craftsmen and modern technology applications in the restoration and rehabilitation of animal-powered mills, in addition to the use of software programs in data analysis. Our results proved that the ancient traditional expertise of the old craftsmen and scientific techniques are the most appropriate methods for restoring and preserving animal-powered mills, which include the determination and rework of the mechanical movement between the wooden gear wheel and millstones. Finally, this study gives an in-depth look into the practical scientific restoration of animal-powered mills in Egypt and other countries.

Conservation of the traditional water mills in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülferah Çorapçıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
Water Mill

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ensure the preservation and sustainability of traditional water mills in Turkey with their original function and to allow these water mills to become heritage for future generations. Design/methodology/approach The study is the original examination of one sample water mill to be conserved, that is chosen from 11 water mills that were determined after the investigation of water mills in of Antalya, in Mediterranean Region. A preliminary study was first performed using the external observation method on 11 horizontal wheel water mills. The water mills to be accorded the highest priority with regards to conservation were selected based on their characteristics. Restoration techniques were then proposed to ensure the sustainability of the traditional production systems while retaining their original function. Findings The decision of water mill with the highest priority of conservation is based on the analysis of “structural damage,” “all seasons accessibility” and “supporting environmental factors.” This water mill was used primarily for grain production and is located on the Doyran River in Antalya. Current circumstance of the sample mill is analyzed, restoration techniques for the purpose of conservation and creation of recreational sites and that enable the presentation of traditional production methods are suggested. Social implications This paper includes implications for the contribution to the region’s cultural identity by developing the region’s infrastructure for cultural and ecological tourism and by ensuring the continuation of traditional production methods and craftsmanship. Originality/value This paper brings a new approach to the identification of water mills and the decision of the water mills to be conserved as a result of field studies.

scholarly journals Innovating Traditional Production Systems Through On-Farm Conservation Agriculture and Agroforestry Research

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fonteyne ◽  
Columba Silva Avendaño ◽  
Angel Ramos Sanchez ◽  
Juan Pablo Torres Zambrano ◽  
Fernando García Dávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
Set Up

Maize (Zea mays L.), the staple crop of Mexico, is often produced by smallholder farmers on sloping terrains. Historically, little agronomic research has been performed under the conditions of these farmers to support them in the sustainable intensification of their production systems. We set up trials at two locations in the state of Oaxaca to evaluate conservation agriculture and agroforestry in collaboration with local farmers. Crop diversification through crop rotations, multicropping, relay cropping or agroforestry increased system yields the most, by up to 1.4 t ha−1 in Teopoxco and 1.7 t ha−1 in Tamazulapam. Increased input use through increased fertilization or liming did not increase profitability enough to justify their use. Zero tillage and residue retention increased yields and reduced production costs. Conservation agriculture with agroforestry was a high-yielding, profitable system that also reduced farmers' risk by providing several harvests per year. The most profitable combinations of agroforestry and conservation agriculture could produce up to $4,854 USD ha−1 in Teopoxco and $2,143 USD ha−1 in Tamazulapam, while the control treatments in the same sites and years produced $175 USD ha−1 and $92 USD ha−1 respectively. In several years the main crop failed, while the trees were able to produce due to their different growing season compared to maize. Through adaptive investigation under farmers' conditions, sustainable intensification of traditional production system is possible with low-cost changes that are locally adapted and within farmers' possibilities.

Thermal Imaging of Electrical and Mechanical Systems

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Symmes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Small Problem ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Lost Time

The main objective of predictive maintenance is to identify a small problem before it becomes a big problem. Thermal Imaging is one of the best tools for predictive maintenance. This technology allows us to see a small temperature increase before it becomes a catastrophic failure. Modern technology is able to more accurately evaluate potential problems. The technology allows for collecting better and more extensive data than was previously available — from which very detailed temperature analysis can be made. Thermal inspections of electrical and mechanical systems will show you the necessary areas in your company on which to concentrate your efforts. By focusing specifically on those areas that need to be maintained, you will be saving money several ways: avoiding downtime in production, non-productive wages, greater repair costs and lost time. By performing annual thermal inspections you will also benefit by maintaining the most favorable insurance rating. Paper published with permission.

Modern technology applications and rainfall flooding disasters prevention.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 7350-7354
Author(s):  
Gar Al-nabi Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
Faisal Wahiss Althobiani
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Application Programs

The paper presents a case study that investigated the role of modern technology applications in rainfall flooding disasters prevention. The results reported demonstrated that modern technology facilities can be used to derive preventive measures for rainfall flooding disasters. Free of charge application programs and space technology data can be downloaded and used to achieve this purpose. The derived parameters of the hydrological and topographical models can be integrated with the drainage network of the area to ensure the draining of the water and prevent it from backing up and accumulating in the low land areas. An appreciated relief effort had been made by the local governments and non-government organizations related to rainfall flooding disasters across the world. However, it is high time to devote some of this effort to the application of modern technology facilities to tackle these rainfall disasters existing causes and provide future preventive measures.

MAGNETOELASTIC PROPERTIES DEPENDENCE ON COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN 〈110〉 ORIENTED Tb0.45Dy0.55Fe1.95 POLYCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS WITH HIGH DRIVE LEVELS

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250074 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEI ZHAO ◽  
YOU-HE ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Polycrystalline Alloys ◽  
Magnetoelastic Properties ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
Magnetostriction Hysteresis

This paper presents the magnetoelastic properties for the relative high Tb / Dy composition ratio 〈110〉 oriented Tb 0.45 Dy 0.55 Fe 1.95 polycrystalline alloys. The simultaneous measurements of the magnetization and magnetostriction are carried out as a function of applied magnetic field range of 0 to 800 kA/m and compressive stress from 0 to 60 MPa. The maximum piezomagnetic coefficient $(d^{\rm max}_{33})$ and magnetostriction hysteresis (Wh) are obtained by differential calculation from the experimental curves. According to the increase of compressive stress, an obvious magnetostriction "jump" effect is observed, and the magnetostriction with the magnetic field of 800 kA/m (λ800) and magnetostriction hysteresis monotonously increase, while the maximum piezomagnetic coefficient increases first from 0 to 10 MPa and then decreases from 10 to 60 MPa. Here, results of measuring and calculating on this material are important complement to further understand the rules of the magnetoelastic properties in high Tb/Dy composition ratio Tb 0.45 Dy 0.55 Fe 1.95 polycrystalline alloys for theoretical approaches and modern technology applications.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Persediaan Terhadap Peningkatan Profitabilitas Perusahaan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maria Wibowo ◽  
Iriyadi .
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Inventory System ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Traditional Production

Inventory system provides an opportunity to improve productivity and eliminate costs that arefound to be necessary. Then, the company can overcome the waste-waste that has been happeningwith the use of traditional production systems. The purpose of this study was to determine impactinventory to stock and improved profitability Company X. This study was conducted with thesurvey directly on the object of research. This survey is intended for researchers will be able to betterinteract with the object interaktif in order to make it easier to understand the reality of the object ofstudy. Then from the data obtained during the survey along with the company's datadocumentation, will obtain a clear picture of who will facilitate researchers in solving the problemsthat occur in the company. The data analysis technique used is qualitative analysis techniques.This research result prove true that, by using the traditional systems it will be able to increase thecompany ' s profitability. It can be seen on the chapter 4 showing comparison of cost efficiencysupplies traditionally use policy. If cost and time can be minimized, then the company'sproductivity will be increased, the quality of the products is also increasing, with profitability.

scholarly journals Laser Assisted Flow Deposition: a New Method to Grow ZnO

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (S5) ◽  
pp. 87-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
M. R. N. Soares ◽  
A. J. S. Fernandes ◽  
T. Monteiro ◽  
F. M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wide Band Gap ◽  
Fundamental Science ◽  
Technology Applications

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been one of the most studied materials in the last decades. Either as bulk material, epilayers or nanostructures, this direct wide band gap semiconductor is known to possess great potential for fundamental science and modern technology applications.

On the use of shape grammars as expert systems for geometry-based engineering design

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANISH AGARWAL ◽  
JONATHAN CAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Shape Grammars ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Traditional Production

Production systems have traditionally been used in engineering to aid the designer in generating designs in domains not significantly influenced by geometry. However, in geometric-based domains such as mechanical engineering, their popularity has been limited. This work proposes the use of shape grammars as the framework for engineering expert systems. Shape grammars are shown to have all the generation and analysis capabilities of traditional production systems, while being able to represent knowledge about both the functionality and the form of a product. Additionally, the parametric nature of shape grammars, their ability to deal with physical form rather than abstract elements, and their ability to recognize emergent shapes give them significant advantages over traditional production systems for geometry-based engineering design.

Characterization of Measured VIV for Free Spanning Pipelines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida M. Aglen ◽  
Carl M. Larsen ◽  
Finn Gunnar Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Characteristic Cross Section ◽  
Traditional Production ◽  
Floating Platforms

As the search for oil and gas takes place on increasing water depths, the traditional production systems based on fixed or floating platforms becomes increasingly costly. A good alternative to the traditional production systems are subsea to shore solutions, where pipelines transport the product to a land terminal for processing. One of the main challenges of documenting pipeline integrity in subsea to shore solutions is related to fatigue induced by vortex induced vibrations (VIV). Rough and uneven seabed introduce free spans that can be short or long, have small or large clearance and can have a large variety of boundary conditions at the shoulders. Hence, there is a need for methods that can give reliable estimate for fatigue damage under all realistic conditions. This paper investigates the measured VIV for a free spanning pipeline model. The model has L/D ratios from 72 to 350 and includes both single and multi-spans. It is exposed to uniform current and is free to vibrate in both cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) direction. Bending strains are measured in CF and IL direction at ten locations along the pipe. The observed cross-sectional trajectories are analyzed, with particular focus on the complex interaction between CF and IL VIV, and the significance of higher order response components. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the behaviour of the free spanning pipelines with respect to response amplitudes, frequency and modal composition, and also to identify characteristic cross section trajectories for further investigation. This work is a continuation of the earlier published results by Nielsen et al. [1] and Soreide et al. [2].

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