scholarly journals Fruit Quality and Yield of Three Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Two Planting Systems under Different Protected Environments

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Tina Smrke ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Vid Zitko ◽  
Mitja Ferlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hail Net ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Acid Ratio

Due to the increasing interest in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) among consumers, together with the problems of climate change and specific substrate requirements, a novel approach to intensive blueberry production is required. Here, ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’, and ‘Brigitta’ blueberry cultivars were planted under the protective environments of a high tunnel and black hail net, each using ridge and pot planting systems. The high tunnel increased the maximal air temperature on average by 7.2 °C compared to the hail net. For all three cultivars, harvest began 6 to 18 days earlier under the high tunnel than under the hail net; however, lower yields and individual phenolics contents were obtained for the fruit. In ‘Aurora’ and ‘Brigitta’, environmental conditions under the high tunnel also reduced plant volume and fruit sugar/organic acid ratio. Growing blueberry plants in 60 L pots had no negative effects on plant volume and fruit ripening time, yield, firmness, color, and chemical composition. This study represents the first to compare highbush blueberry grown under the high tunnel and hail net protective environments using ridge and pot planting systems across three different cultivars. Here, we can conclude that optimal highbush blueberry production of ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’, and ‘Brigitta’ under the climate conditions of the study provides earlier ripening times under the high tunnel. However, according to fruit yield and quality, all three cultivars benefit from the hail net over the high tunnel, while ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’ also benefit in particular from the hail net combined with growth in pots.

scholarly journals Aluminum and Phosphorus Interactions in Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Highbush Blueberry Plantlets

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Qiang Yang ◽  
Barbara L. Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Al Uptake

Aluminum (Al) and phosphorus (P) interactions were investigated in mycorrhizal (M) and nonmycorrhizal (NM) highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plantlets in a factorial experiment. The toxic effects of Al on highbush blueberry were characterized by decreased shoot, root, and total plant dry mass. Many of the negative effects of Al on plant root, shoot, and total dry matter production were reversed by foliar P and N application, indicating P or N uptake were limited by high Al concentration. However, Al-mediated growth reduction in P-stressed plants indicated that the restriction of P uptake by high Al may not have been the only mechanism for Al toxicity in this experiment. Root Al and P concentration were negatively correlated in NM but not M plantlets, suggesting mycorrhizal infection may alter P uptake processes. Al uptake was also affected by mycorrhizal infection, with more Al accumulating in M plantlet roots and leaves. Correlations among foliar ion concentrations were also affected by mycorrhizal fungal infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) under Ridge and Pot Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Tina Smrke ◽  
Robert Veberic ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Domen Stamic ◽  
Jerneja Jakopic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
New Production ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Due to the specific requirements for low soil pH, new production methods are being introduced for highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Planting in pots has gained popularity in recent years due to the easier control of the substrate pH. This study was carried out on 2-year-old ‘Duke’, ‘Aurora’ and ‘Brigitta’ cultivar blueberry plants that were planted along a ridge or in pots. The substrate temperature reached higher values for the pots, while the substrate water content was higher for the ridge. In the ‘Duke’ and ‘Aurora’ plants, significantly higher sugar/organic acid ratios were obtained for fruit from the ridge. However, significantly higher fruit total phenolics content, greater plant volumes and lower yields per plant were obtained for ‘Aurora’ as potted plants compared to the ridge. The ‘Brigitta’ fruit harvested from potted plants had significantly higher total organic acid content; however, no significant difference was seen for the sugar/organic acid ratio between the conditions. This study is the first to compare the responses of different highbush blueberry cultivars in terms of production on a ridge and in pots, and the impact on the substrate microclimatic conditions, plant volume and fruit yield and primary and secondary metabolites content.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Bud Break, Fruit Yield and Quality of Highbush Blueberry in Greenhouse Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiuying Xia ◽  
Lijia An
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide

Highbush blueberries need sufficient chilling exposure to induce bud break and flowering, which limits their cultivation in warm areas as well as the profitability of protected cultivation in greenhouses. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2, HC), gibberellic acid (GA3), ethephon (CE), mineral oil (MO), and potassium nitrate (KNO3) are often applied to deciduous fruit trees to advance bud break and fruit set. In this study, experiments were conducted in northeast China to determine the effects of different concentrations of HC or HC in combination with GA3, CE, MO, and KNO3 on bud break, fruit quality, and fruit yield in greenhouse-grown highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The results showed that all of the treatment agents could advance bud break by at least 15 days and fruit ripening by 16 days compared to the control. In addition, all treatments could promote the development of flowers and fruits and shorten the flowering and harvest periods. Compared with the control, 0.5% HC or 0.67% HC treatment increased the fruit yield of 5-year-old and 7-year-old bushes, especially early yield. Experiments carried out over two consecutive years in two different varieties, namely ‘M7’ and ‘Brigitta’, further confirmed the positive effect of 0.67% HC application on fruit yield. The results also showed that 0.67% HC had no negative effects on fruit quality. These findings may encourage growers to consider spraying HC in greenhouses to increase fruit yield, especially early yield, in order to schedule the harvest time for a more lucrative marketing period.

scholarly journals Use of Combinations of Commercially Relevant O2 and CO2 Partial Pressures to Evaluate the Sensitivity of Nine Highbush Blueberry Fruit Cultivars to Controlled Atmospheres

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihad Alsmairat ◽  
Carolina Contreras ◽  
James Hancock ◽  
Pete Callow ◽  
Randolph Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Level ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Impact

We tested the impact of storage atmospheres in which the CO2 and O2 percentages sum to 21% on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit condition and quality. The CO2 and O2 combinations, in percent composition, were 19%/2%, 18%/3%, 16.5%/4.5%, 15%/6%, 13.5%/7.5%, 12%/9%, 6%/15%, and 0%/21% for CO2/O2, respectively. Nine blueberry cultivars were evaluated (Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Ozarkblue, Nelson, Liberty, Elliott, Legacy, and Jersey) after 8 weeks of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage at 0 °C. Surface mold, berry decay, skin reddening (associated with fruit pulp browning), fruit firmness, pulp discoloration, and the content of ethanol and acetaldehyde were assessed. Fruit firmness, skin reddening, and decay declined and the proportion of fruit with severe internal discoloration tended to increase as CO2 concentrations increased. Ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation was minimal, indicating fermentation was not induced by the atmospheric conditions applied. Cultivar effects were far more pronounced than atmosphere effects. Some cultivars such as Duke, Toro, Brigitta, Liberty, and Legacy appear to be well suited to extended CA storage, whereas other cultivars such as Elliott stored moderately well, and Ozarkblue, Nelson, and Jersey stored poorly. The data indicate that responses to high levels of CO2, while O2 is maintained at its maximum level practicable, can, in a cultivar-dependent manner, include significant negative effects on quality while achieving the desired suppression of decay.

scholarly journals Pollination Efficiency of Managed Bee Species (Apis mellifera and Bombus pauloensis) in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Pablo Cavigliasso ◽  
Fernando Bello ◽  
Maria Fernanda Rivadeneira ◽  
Nicolas Oscar Monzon ◽  
Gerardo Pablo Gennari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Floral Visitors

AbstractUnderstanding how bees use the resources provided by crops of massive flowering is essential to develop meaningful agricultural management of plans to maximize the potential of pollination service. We assessed the effect of the pollination carried out by native species Bombus pauloensis and Apis mellifera on the production and quality of blueberry fruits. In this context, we tested the prediction that pollinator assemblages benefit fruit yield. Four treatments were performed: open pollination, B. pauloensis pollination, A. mellifera pollination, and autogamy. For each treatment, the frequency of floral visitors, fruit setting, yield, and quality were evaluated. The results showed that Vaccinium corymbosum L. ‘Emerald’ is highly dependent on entomophilous pollination to obtain optimal production and high-quality fruit, and that pollination with A. mellifera generated the highest proportion of fruit setting (0.80 ± 0.03). The highest seed number was found in open pollinated fruits. This study highlights the effect of the interactions among wild and managed pollinators on the productivity of commercial blueberry fields, and is the first report of B. pauloensis use in blueberry pollination.

scholarly journals The Economic Feasibility of Adopting Mechanical Harvesters by the Highbush Blueberry Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
David Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Highbush Blueberries

Mechanical harvesters engineered for fresh-market highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) have the potential to relieve the burden associated with relying on human labor for harvesting a crop. However, such devices must be effective and maintain fruit quality to be economically viable. Results from an empirical economic model and a series of sensitivity analyses signal that shortening the gap between prices for the fresh and processing market would increase the likelihood of adoption, especially if prices for the fresh market drop by 26% and prices for the processing market increase by 63%. If changes in prices would occur at the same time, then prices for fresh-market blueberries would have to drop by 23% and for processing blueberries would have to increase by 9%. Increases in labor wages of 61% would make mechanical harvesters more profitable than hand harvesting. A 63% reduction in yield losses due to mechanical harvest in the field must occur for mechanical harvesters to become a profitable alternative. If only quality losses (e.g., presence of bruises on the external surface of the fruit) are reduced and yield losses are kept constant, then a 43% reduction in quality losses must occur for mechanical harvesters to become a profitable alternative. If both yield and quality losses are reduced, then a 20% reduction in yield losses and 29% reduction in quality losses would be required for mechanical harvesters to become profitable. We found that a mechanical harvester in its current incarnation is not yet a proven profitable alternative for fresh-market blueberries, given all initial assumptions considered in this study. The industry urges technical improvements to decrease harvest-induced loss from mechanical harvesting in the field and loss due to presence of bruises on the fruit external surface to ensure the massive adoption of mechanical harvesters, especially for fresh-market blueberries.

Prioritizing strain insulators for raptor conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO GUIL ◽  
M. ÁNGELES SORIA ◽  
VÍCTOR ORTEGA ◽  
RUBÉN GARCÍA-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
SILVIA VILLAVERDE-MORCILLO
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Raptor Conservation ◽  
Management And Conservation

Summary Avian species often take advantage of human-made structures, such as perching on power poles, although this can lead to negative effects for both birds and infrastructure. It has been demonstrated that anchor-type pylons, with strain insulators, are amongst the most dangerous of these structures. Our goal was to develop a methodological approach to evaluate the ways in which raptors perch on the six most commonly used strain insulator configurations in Spain, and to build a risk index that can be used to prioritise them. To study the ways raptors perch, we worked with six wildlife rescue centres in central Spain for almost a year assessing these six strain insulator configurations in 83 perch trials with 176 raptors in ample flying pens. We analysed 475 complete survey days, with an approximate number of 258,960 analysed pictures, including 6,766 perchings on strain insulators. We assessed the influential factors for these 6,766 perchings and developed a novel approach to prioritise strain insulator configurations that can be used anywhere. Our results suggest that longer insulator strains (i.e. PECA-1000 and Caon-C3670) are the safest, according to our prioritization criteria, although these results require further assessment in the field. Managers and conservationists should take into account these results to improve management and conservation actions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

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