scholarly journals Development of an Optical System Based on Spectral Imaging Used for a Slug Control Robot

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Christian Höing ◽  
Sharvari Raut ◽  
Abozar Nasirahmadi ◽  
Barbara Sturm ◽  
Oliver Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Optical Filter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
Threshold Method ◽  
Promising Alternative

The state-of-the-art technique to control slug pests in agriculture is the spreading of slug pellets. This method has some downsides, because slug pellets also harm beneficials and often fail because their efficiency depends on the prevailing weather conditions. This study is part of a research project which is developing a pest control robot to monitor the field, detect slugs, and eliminate them. Robots represent a promising alternative to slug pellets. They work independent of weather conditions and can distinguish between pests and beneficials. As a prerequisite, a robot must be able to reliably identify slugs irrespective of the characteristics of the surrounding conditions. In this context, the utilization of computer vision and image analysis methods are challenging, because slugs look very similar to the soil, particularly in color images. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop an optical filter-based system that distinguishes between slugs and soil. In this context, the spectral characteristics of both slugs and soil in the visible and visible near-infrared (VNIR) wavebands were measured. Conspicuous maxima followed by conspicuous local minima were found for the reflection spectra of slugs in the near infrared range from 850 nm to 990 nm]. Thus, this enabled differentiation between slugs and soils; soils showed a monotonic increase in the intensity of the relative reflection for this wavelength. The extrema determined in the reflection spectra of slugs were used to develop and set up a slug detector device consisting of a monochromatic camera, a filter changer and two narrow bandpass filters with nominal wavelengths of 925 nm and 975 nm. The developed optical system takes two photographs of the target area at night. By subtracting the pixel values of the images, the slugs are highlighted, and the soil is removed in the image due to the properties of the reflection spectra of soils and slugs. In the resulting image, the pixels of slugs were, on average, 12.4 times brighter than pixels of soil. This enabled the detection of slugs by a threshold method.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF THE REFLECTION SPECTRA OF Ge-Sb-Te DIFFRACTION GRATING USING THE TAUC–LORENTZ DISPERSION MODEL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramil Minnullin ◽  
Dmitriy Korolev ◽  
Aleksandr Sapegin ◽  
Mikhail Barabanenkov
Keyword(s):  
Riccati Equation ◽  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Equation Method ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
Matrix Riccati Equation ◽  
Near Infrared Range

In this paper reflection spectra in the near infrared range are calculated for the diffraction grating of Ge-Sb-Te alloy on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide with use of Tauc–Lorentz dispersion model and Matrix Riccati Equation method.

scholarly journals Spektroskopi Reflektansi Sampel Tanah dan Batuan yang Mengandung Mineral Pembawa Unsur Tanah Jarang dan Radioaktif

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Arie Naftali Hawu Hede ◽  
Muhammad Anugrah Firdaus ◽  
Yogi La Ode Prianata ◽  
Mohamad Nur Heriawan ◽  
Syafrizal Syafrizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Shortwave Infrared ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

ABSTRAKSpektroskopi reflektansi merupakan salah satu metode nondestruktif untuk identifikasi mineral dan sebagai dasar dalam analisis pengindraan jauh (indraja) sensor optik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan kajian penerapan spektroskopi reflektansi pada panjang gelombang 350–2.500 nm untuk sampel tanah dan batuan pembawa unsur tanah jarang (rare earth element-REE) dan radioaktif. Sampel diambil dari beberapa lokasi di Bangka Selatan dan Mamuju yang sebelumnya telah diidentifikasi memiliki potensi REE dan unsur radioaktif. Kurva reflektansi hasil analisis sampel dari Bangka Selatan menunjukan adanya kenampakan absorpsi yang menjadi karakteristik untuk kehadiran REE, dalam bentuk mineral monasit, zirkon, dan xenotime khususnya pada sampel yang berasal dari material tailing dan konsentrat bijih timah. Panjang gelombang yang menjadi kunci khususnya berada pada rentang visible-near infrared (VNIR; 400–1.300 nm). Sedangkan untuk sampel yang berasal dari Mamuju, yang merupakan daerah prospeksi mineral radioaktif, karakteristik spektral memperlihatkan beberapa panjang gelombang kunci terutama pada rentang shortwave infrared (1.300–2.500 nm). Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan mineral mayor berupa mineral lempung, sulfat, spesies NH4, dan mineral yang mengandung Al-OH lainnya, sedangkan untuk beberapa sampel pada panjang gelombang VNIR diidentifikasi mengandung mineral besi oksida/hidroksida. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna untuk pemetaan eksplorasi REE dan radioaktif dengan menggunakan metode indraja.ABSTRACTReflectance spectroscopy is one of the nondestructive methods of mineral identification and is one of the basic principles in the remote sensing analysis using optical sensors. This research aimed at applying reflectance spectroscopy at 350–2,500 nm wavelength range for samples containing rare earth elements (REE) and radioactive minerals. Samples were taken from several locations in South Bangka and Mamuju that had previously been identified as potential location of REE and radioactive-bearing minerals. Reflectance data shows that there are absorption characteristics for REE-bearing minerals; monazite, zircon, and xenotime minerals especially from tailings and tin ore concentrate for the samples from South Bangka. The key wavelengths are specifically in the visible-near infrared range (VNIR; 400–1300 nm). For the samples from Mamuju, which is known as radioactive mineral prospecting areas, spectral characteristics provide information that there are spectral signatures in the shortwave infrared range (1,300–2,500 nm). The results of major mineral interpretations include clay minerals, sulfates, NH4 species, and other minerals containing Al-OH. However, some samples at the VNIR wavelength identified as iron oxide/hydroxide minerals. It is hoped that these results can be useful for REE and radioactive exploration mapping using remote sensing methods.

scholarly journals Designing a methodological concept for the diagnosis of early development of the main wheat diseases pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Oksana Kremneva ◽  
Roman Danilov ◽  
Olga Tutubalina ◽  
Igor Sereda ◽  
Kurilov Artem
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Spectral Brightness ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Brightness Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Plots

The studies presented in the article were carried out in 2018-2019 on the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection. The aim of the research was to assess the feasibility of diagnosing the early development of major diseases pathogens based on the results of ground-based spectrometry and the use of phytomonitoring technology, taking into account the genotypes of different winter wheat varieties. There were three options of the experimental plots for the research: the 1st – protected against diseases by fungicides, the 2nd – with an artificial infectious background, the 3rd – with the natural development of diseases. According to the results of data analysis, the most significant changes in the spectral characteristics of the studied plant backgrounds were noted at the time of the first signs of disease in the form of a decrease in the spectral brightness coefficient in the near infrared range. Using special tools in the experimental plots, the following pathogens were identified before the appearing of disease symptoms: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer f. sp. tritici Marchal , Puccinia striiformis West., Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Died., Puccinia triticina Erikss. Data on the diseases development, plant infestation by pathogens are compared with spectrometric measurements.

Infrared and Visible—Near Infrared Electroluminescence Developments for FA in AlGaN/GaN HEMTS on SiC

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouya ◽  
D. Carisetti ◽  
J.C. Clement ◽  
N. Malbert ◽  
N. Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Electron Mobility Transistor ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Radar Applications ◽  
Gan Hemts

Abstract HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) are playing a key role for power and RF low noise applications. They are crucial components for the development of base stations in the telecommunications networks and for civil, defense and space radar applications. As well as the improvement of the MMIC performances, the localization of the defects and the failure analysis of these devices are very challenging. To face these challenges, we have developed a complete approach, without degrading the component, based on front side failure analysis by standard (Visible-NIR) and Infrared (range of wavelength: 3-5 µm) electroluminescence techniques. Its complementarities and efficiency have been demonstrated through two case studies.

scholarly journals Creation of Negatively Charged Boron Vacancies in Hexagonal Boron Nitride Crystal by Electron Irradiation and Mechanism of Inhomogeneous Broadening of Boron Vacancy-Related Spin Resonance Lines

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Fadis F. Murzakhanov ◽  
Boris V. Yavkin ◽  
Georgiy V. Mamin ◽  
Sergei B. Orlinskii ◽  
Ivan E. Mumdzhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Zero Field Splitting ◽  
Spin Resonance

Optically addressable high-spin states (S ≥ 1) of defects in semiconductors are the basis for the development of solid-state quantum technologies. Recently, one such defect has been found in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and identified as a negatively charged boron vacancy (VB−). To explore and utilize the properties of this defect, one needs to design a robust way for its creation in an hBN crystal. We investigate the possibility of creating VB− centers in an hBN single crystal by means of irradiation with a high-energy (E = 2 MeV) electron flux. Optical excitation of the irradiated sample induces fluorescence in the near-infrared range together with the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum of the triplet centers with a zero-field splitting value of D = 3.6 GHz, manifesting an optically induced population inversion of the ground state spin sublevels. These observations are the signatures of the VB− centers and demonstrate that electron irradiation can be reliably used to create these centers in hBN. Exploration of the VB− spin resonance line shape allowed us to establish the source of the line broadening, which occurs due to the slight deviation in orientation of the two-dimensional B-N atomic plains being exactly parallel relative to each other. The results of the analysis of the broadening mechanism can be used for the crystalline quality control of the 2D materials, using the VB− spin embedded in the hBN as a probe.

Design of Near Infrared Continuous Zoom Optical System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Zi-xuan ◽  
Li Xu-yang ◽  
Ren Zhi-guang ◽  
Chu Nan-qing
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Near Infrared

Highly luminescent InP-In(Zn)P/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell colloidal quantum dots with tunable emission synthesized based on growth-doping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Shen ◽  
Yan Qing Zhu ◽  
Zixiao Li ◽  
Jingling Li ◽  
Hong Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Colloidal Quantum Dots ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Lower Toxicity ◽  
Near Infrared Region ◽  
Inp Quantum Dots ◽  
Tunable Emission

InP quantum dots (QDs) are considered as the most promising alternative to Cd-based QDs with the lower toxicity and emission spectrum tunability ranging from visible to near-infrared region. Although high-quality...

scholarly journals High Sensitivity Continuous Monitoring of Chloroform Gas by Using Wavelength Modulation Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Near-Infrared Range

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6992
Author(s):  
Tie Zhang ◽  
Yuxin Xing ◽  
Gaoxuan Wang ◽  
Sailing He
Keyword(s):  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Resonant Cavity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Wavelength Modulation ◽  
Linear Coefficient

An optical system for gaseous chloroform (CHCl3) detection based on wavelength modulation photoacoustic spectroscopy (WMPAS) is proposed for the first time by using a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with a center wavelength of 1683 nm where chloroform has strong and complex absorption peaks. The WMPAS sensor developed possesses the advantages of having a simple structure, high-sensitivity, and direct measurement. A resonant cavity made of stainless steel with a resonant frequency of 6390 Hz was utilized, and eight microphones were located at the middle of the resonator at uniform intervals to collect the sound signal. All of the devices were integrated into an instrument box for practical applications. The performance of the WMPAS sensor was experimentally demonstrated with the measurement of different concentrations of chloroform from 63 to 625 ppm. A linear coefficient R2 of 0.999 and a detection sensitivity of 0.28 ppm with a time period of 20 s were achieved at room temperature (around 20 °C) and atmosphere pressure. Long-time continuous monitoring for a fixed concentration of chloroform gas was carried out to demonstrate the excellent stability of the system. The performance of the system shows great practical value for the detection of chloroform gas in industrial applications.

scholarly journals Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes in an apple orchard in Southern Brazil and its virulence to Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae, under laboratory conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Foelkel ◽  
M. Voss ◽  
L. B. Monteiro ◽  
G. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a promising alternative to integrated control in many fruit pests. Few studies were made on the relationship of Anastrepha fraterculus natural population with native EPNs population and other biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this work was to verify the occurrence of endemic nematodes in an apple orchard, concerning environmental conditions and technical procedure, and access isolates virulence to A. fraterculus larvae. The experiment was conducted during a year taking monthly soil samples from an apple orchard, with and without fallen fruits just above the soil. Samples were baited with Tenebrium molitor and A. fraterculus larvae in laboratory. Canopy and fallen fruits were sampled to access the pest infestation. Seventy three EPN isolates were captured, in 23.2% soil samples, more with T. molitor than with A. fraterculus baits. From the 20 isolates tested against A. fraterculus, only five were pathogenic, and they were identified as Oscheius sp. The nematodes were captured during all seasons in a similar frequency. Soil and weather conditions, presence of fruit over the orchard soil, and A. fraterculus pupae in the fruits had no significant influence on the capture. As a conclusion, nematodes of the genera Oscheius are found in an apple orchard of Porto Amazonas constantly along the year, independently of fluctuations in A. fraterculus population, climate conditions and presence of fruit over the soil. Some of the isolates are pathogenic to A. fraterculus.

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