scholarly journals Analysis and Testing of Debris Monitoring Sensors for Aircraft Lubrication Systems

Proceedings â—½  
2018 â—½  
Vol 2 (8) â—½  
pp. 461 â—½  
Author(s):  
Etienne Harkemanne â—½  
Olivier Berten â—½  
Patrick Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench â—½  
Aircraft Engine â—½  
Engine Oil â—½  
Oil Lubrication â—½  
Aircraft Engines â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Functional Tests â—½  
Test Plan â—½  
Test Parameters â—½  
Oil Flow

In an aircraft engine, some pieces are describing a rotating movement. These parts are in contact with rotating and non-rotating parts through the bearings and gears. The different contact patches are lubricated with oil. During the lifetime of the engine, mechanical wear is produced between the contacts. This wear of the bearings and gears will produce some debris in the oil circuit of the engine. To ensure the effective operation of the aircraft engines, the debris monitoring sensors play a significant role. They detect and collect the debris in the oil. The analysis of the debris can give an indication of the overall health of the engine. The aim of the paper is to develop, design and model an oil test bench to simulate the oil lubrication circuit of an aircraft engine to test two different debris monitoring sensors. The methodology consists of studying the oil lubrication system of the aircraft engine. The first step is to build the oil test bench. Once the oil test bench is functional, tests are performed on the two debris monitoring sensors. A test plan is followed, three sizes of debris, like the type and sizes of debris found in the aircraft engine oil, are injected in the oil. The test parameters are the oil temperature, the oil flow rate and the mass of debris injected. Each time debris is injected, it is detected and caught by the two sensors. The test results given by the two sensors are similar to the mass debris injected into the oil circuit. The two sensors never detect the total mass of debris injected in the oil. On average, 55%–60% of the mass injected is detected and caught by the two sensors. The sensors are very efficient at detecting debris whose size corresponds to the design range parameters of the sensors, but the efficiency falls when detecting debris whose size lies outside this range.

scholarly journals Simulation of an aircraft radial engine misfire detection

2019 â—½  
Vol 87 â—½  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grabowski â—½  
Paweł Karpiński â—½  
Konrad Pietrykowski
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed â—½  
Test Bench â—½  
Aircraft Engine â—½  
Operating Conditions â—½  
Second Derivative â—½  
Aircraft Engines â—½  
Dimensional Model â—½  
Fluctuation Method â—½  
The Stability â—½  
Misfire Detection

The misfire phenomenon is particularly unfavourable in aircraft engines because it affects the stability and reliability of work. This paper presents the algorithm for detecting ignition failure in a radial aircraft engine. The Crankshaft Velocity Fluctuation method was applied, which consists in analysing changes in the crankshaft speed signal as a function of time. A zero-dimensional model of the aircraft engine was developed in order to perform the research. The validation of the model was performed using the results from the test bench. The model was subjected to simulation tests in fixed operating conditions. Based on the engine speed signal obtained as a result of the simulation, the normalized second derivative of the signal was determined based on the adopted algorithm. On the basis of this derivative, a criterion was defined to assess the occurrence of the misfire phenomenon. The results of the calculations can be compared in future with the results of the real engine tests.

Using a Lubrication Test Bench for Testing New Oil Quality Sensors

2013 â—½  
Author(s):  
Olivier Berten â—½  
Patrick Hendrick â—½  
Alberto Villar â—½  
David Seveno
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors â—½  
Test Bench â—½  
Oil Quality â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Quartz Crystal Resonator â—½  
Two Phase â—½  
Turbine Engine â—½  
Crystal Resonator â—½  
Oil Flow â—½  
Temperature And Pressure

The Université Libre de Bruxelles/ Aero-Thermo-Mechanics Department (ULB/ATM) has developed a flow bench used to mimic the complete behaviour of an aircraft gas turbine engine lubrication system. This test bench has been improved to be fully instrumented and is really multi-purposes in order to test different lubrication devices in the supply circuit (pure oil) or in the scavenge part (two-phase flow) simulating real flight conditions (oil flow rate, oil temperature and pressure…). The paper will first present the characteristics of the lubrication test bench and its capabilities. In a second part, it will be presented the integration and the test results of two different types of sensors into the lubrication test bench. One sensor is based on measuring the change in frequency of a quartz crystal resonator. The other one is composed of two optical sensors, which are able to monitor different properties of the oil and also to detect particles in the oil.

DAYA TAHAN ROTAN YANG DIAWETKAN DENGAN CUKA KAYU GALAM TERHADAP SERANGAN BUBUK Dinoderus minutus Farb.

2010 â—½  
Vol 2 (2) â—½  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Evy Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Force Feedback â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Dry Powder â—½  
Degree Of Protection â—½  
Wood Vinegar â—½  
Dinoderus Minutus â—½  
Test Parameters â—½  
Feedback Method â—½  
Reduction Percentage â—½  
Insect Attack

Rattan on frequently attacked by the powder post beetle (Tellu, 2001). The prevention of dry powder attacks is done by preservation. The increasing resistant of rattan from insect attack can be done by an environmentally friendly preservative, the Galam wood vinegar. This research  aims to determine the most effective concentration of preservative that shows the lowest attacks level of D. Farb minutus powder. The rattan used is green rattan (Calamus sp.) The concentration of preservative that are used:10%, 40%, 70% and 100%. The testing of dry powder attack  used force feedback method. The effectiveness test parameters of wood vinegar to dry powder attacks  included degree of protection Dinoderus minutus Farb. powder,  reduction percentage of rattan weight and the mortality of dry powder Dinoderus sp for toxicological testing of wood vinegar. The test results showed that the degree of protection powder in rattan growing along with the increased concentration of preservatives. The higher the concentration of  wood vinegar, the smaller the reduction of rattan weight and the higher the mortality rate of dry powder. Keywords: resistant of rattan, wood vinegar, Dinoderus minutus.

Modeling the Tensile Behaviour of a SiC/SiC Composite by Master Curves

2000 â—½  
Author(s):  
J. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Master Curve â—½  
Ceramic Matrix Composites â—½  
Test Material â—½  
Tensile Behaviour â—½  
Matrix Composites â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Master Curves â—½  
The Past â—½  
Test Parameters â—½  
Tensile Data

Scatter in test results is common for relatively brittle materials such as ceramic matrix composites. The scatter may come from differences in material processing conditions, specimen machining/handling and from variations in test parameters for nominally the same test material. Large scatter in test results makes material modeling difficult. In the past, master curve concepts have been proposed to reduce scatter in tensile data and to interpret fatigue/creep results. In this paper, one such concept is examined in detail by applying it to the recent tensile test results of a SiC/SiC composite. It was found that the way to construct master curves did not apply to the CMC studied and thus a new master curve was developed to better represent the tensile data. In addition, the test data were analysed statistically based on the new master curve.

Emission Reduction of Fuel Staged Aircraft Engine Combustor Using an Additional Premixed Fuel Nozzle

2012 â—½  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yamamoto â—½  
Kazuo Shimodaira â—½  
Seiji Yoshida â—½  
Yoji Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio â—½  
Aircraft Engine â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Drastic Reduction â—½  
Fuel Nozzle â—½  
Conducting Research â—½  
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency â—½  
Co Emission â—½  
Fuel Burner â—½  
Additional Fuel

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is conducting research and development on aircraft engine technologies to reduce environmental impact for the TechCLEAN project. As a part of the project, combustion technologies have been developed with an aggressive target that is an 80% reduction over the NOx threshold of the ICAO CAEP/4 standard. A staged fuel nozzle with a pilot mixer and a main mixer was developed and tested using a single-sector combustor under the target engine’s LTO cycle conditions with a rated output of 40 kN and an overall pressure ratio of 25.8. The test results showed a 77% reduction over the CAEP/4 NOx standard. A reduction in smoke was found under a higher thrust condition than the 30% MTO condition, and a reduction in CO emission was found under a lower thrust condition than the 85% MTO condition. In the present study, an additional fuel burner was designed and tested with the staged fuel nozzle in a single-sector combustor to control emissions. The test results show that the combustor enables an 82% reduction in NOx emissions relative to the ICAO CAEP/4 standard and a drastic reduction in smoke and CO emissions.

Three-dimensional predator–prey interactions: a computer simulation of bird flocks and aircraft

10.1139/z86-381 â—½  
1986 â—½  
Vol 64 (11) â—½  
pp. 2624-2633 â—½  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Major â—½  
Lawrence M. Dill â—½  
David M. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation â—½  
Prey Species â—½  
Three Dimensional â—½  
Aircraft Engine â—½  
Aquatic Environments â—½  
Aircraft Engines â—½  
Predator Prey â—½  
Simulation Techniques â—½  
Computer Simulation Techniques â—½  
Individual Prey

Three-dimensional interactions between grouped aerial predators (frontal discs of aircraft engines), either linearly arrayed or clustered, and flocks of small birds were studied using interactive computer simulation techniques. Each predator modelled was orders of magnitude larger than an individual prey, but the prey flock was larger than each predator. Expected numbers of individual prey captured from flocks were determined for various predator speeds and trajectories, flock–predator initial distances and angles, and flock sizes, shapes, densities, trajectories, and speeds. Generally, larger predators and clustered predators caught more prey. The simulation techniques employed in this study may also prove useful in studies of predator–prey interactions between schools or swarms of small aquatic prey species and their much larger vertebrate predators, such as mysticete cetaceans.The study also provides a method to study problems associated with turbine aircraft engine damage caused by the ingestion of small flocking birds, as well as net sampling of organisms in open aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Emission Reduction of Fuel-Staged Aircraft Engine Combustor Using an Additional Premixed Fuel Nozzle

10.1115/1.4007868 â—½  
2013 â—½  
Vol 135 (3) â—½  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Yamamoto â—½  
Kazuo Shimodaira â—½  
Seiji Yoshida â—½  
Yoji Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development â—½  
Pressure Ratio â—½  
Aircraft Engine â—½  
Development Project â—½  
Civil Aviation â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Technology Development Project â—½  
Fuel Nozzle â—½  
Conducting Research â—½  
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is conducting research and development on aircraft engine technologies to reduce environmental impact for the Technology Development Project for Clean Engines (TechCLEAN). As a part of the project, combustion technologies have been developed with an aggressive target that is an 80% reduction over the NOx threshold of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP)/4 standard. A staged fuel nozzle with a pilot mixer and a main mixer was developed and tested using a single-sector combustor under the target engine's landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle conditions with a rated output of 40 kN and an overall pressure ratio of 25.8. The test results showed a 77% reduction over the CAEP/4 NOx standard. However, the reduction in smoke at thrust conditions higher than the 30% MTO condition and of CO emission at thrust conditions lower than the 85% MTO condition are necessary. In the present study, an additional fuel burner was designed and tested with the staged fuel nozzle in a single-sector combustor to control emissions. The test results show that the combustor enables an 82% reduction in NOx emissions relative to the ICAO CAEP/4 standard and a drastic reduction in smoke and CO emissions.

Numerical treatment of melting heat transfer and entropy generation in stagnation point flow of hybrid nanomaterials (SWCNT-MWCNT/engine oil)

2021 â—½  
Vol 35 (06) â—½  
pp. 2150102
Author(s):  
Ikram Ullah â—½  
Tasawar Hayat â—½  
Ahmed Alsaedi â—½  
Habib M. Fardoun
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Slip â—½  
Engine Oil â—½  
Stretching Cylinder â—½  
Entropy Analysis â—½  
Hybrid Nanomaterials â—½  
Hybrid Nanomaterial â—½  
Order Analysis â—½  
Governing System â—½  
Oil Flow â—½  
Melting Effect

Present attempt inspects the entropy analysis and melting effect in flow of hybrid nanomaterials consisting of CNTs nanoparticles and engine oil Flow is by a stretching cylinder. Formulation is accountable to the viscous dissipation, velocity slip and thermal radiation impacts. In order to estimate the disorder within the thermo-physical frame, second-order analysis has been used. The governing system with the imposed boundary condition is dimensionless via proper variables. Numerical outcomes are expressed graphically and analyzed. Comparison of hybrid nanomaterial, nanomaterials and regular liquid is expressed graphically. Outcomes indicate that the hybrid nanomaterials have great impact throughout the inspection than the ordinary nanomaterials.

analysis of mechanical properties of ceiling boards based on corn cobs and coconut coir waste with latex adhesive

2021 â—½  
Vol 5 (2) â—½  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ety Jumiati â—½  
Ufik Eliati Tumanggor â—½  
Abdul Halim Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties â—½  
Flexural Strength â—½  
Fracture Strength â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Hot Press â—½  
Optimal Result â—½  
Corn Cob â—½  
Corn Cobs â—½  
Test Parameters â—½  
Coconut Coir

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p>Ceiling evelopment by utilizing waste corn cobs, coconut coir with gypsum flour an the adition of latex adhesive. Variations in the composition of the mixture of corn cobs, coconut coir, gypsum flour with latex adhesive include sample A (0:0:100:15), sample B (3:3:94:15), sample C (6:6:88:15), sample D (9:9:82:15), sample E (12:12:76:15), and sample F (15:15:70:15) with emphasis using a <em>hot press </em>and drying for 28 days. The test parameters include flexural strength and fracture strength. The test results show that sample B in the composition (3:3:94:15) is the optimal result. In this composition, the resulting ceiling board has the characteristics of a flexural strength of 3966,39 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup> and a fracture strength of 1088,6 kgf/cm<sup>2</sup>.</p><p><strong><em>Keyword :</em></strong><em> Lateks , Ceiling Board, Coconut Coir, Corn Cob</em></p><p><em> </em></p>

scholarly journals Rheology of Asphalt Binder Modified with 5W30 Viscosity Grade Waste Engine Oil

Applied Sciences â—½  
10.3390/app8071194 â—½  
2018 â—½  
Vol 8 (7) â—½  
pp. 1194 â—½  
Author(s):  
Touqeer Shoukat â—½  
Pyeong Jun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder â—½  
Thermal Cracking â—½  
Engine Oil â—½  
Test Results â—½  
Colloidal Systems â—½  
Oxidative Aging â—½  
Waste Engine Oil â—½  
Performance Grade â—½  
Oil Fraction â—½  
Rotational Viscosity

The pavement structure tends to shrink under low temperature conditions and cracks will appear upon crossing threshold binder stiffness. Decreasing the binder viscosity at such low temperatures, by introducing additional oil fraction (aromatics and saturates) in asphalt colloidal systems, may result in improved resistance to thermal cracking. A single multi-grade engine oil (5W30) was used in this study to analyze the rheological properties imparted to binders. Rotational Viscosity (RV) test revealed that after Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) aging, fresh oil and waste oil have a similar effect on decreasing the viscosity of binder and construction temperatures, reducing them by 5~8 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test results showed an abrupt increase of carbonyl concertation when fresh engine oil was used for rejuvenation while waste engine oil was less susceptible to oxidative aging. Dynamic analysis of modified binders proved that engine oil has better thermal cracking resistance but relaxation ability of binders and rutting resistance was impaired. Filtered waste engine oil resulted in a 35% decrement in the stiffness of binder compared to virgin asphalt after short term aging but upper Performance Grade (PG) was compromised by 1~3 °C with 2.5% oil inclusion. Unfiltered waste engine oil proved to have the least overall performance compared to fresh and filtered waste engine oil.

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