Change in Physical Activity after Diagnosis of Diabetes or Hypertension: Results from an Observational Population-Based Cohort Study

Background: Chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus or hypertension are a major public health challenge. Irregular physical activity (PA) is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for chronic conditions and their complications. However, engaging in regular PA is a challenge for many individuals. The literature suggests that a diagnosis of a disease might serve as a promising point in time to change health behavior. This study investigates whether a diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension is associated with changes in PA. Methods: Analyses are based on 4261 participants of the population-based KORA S4 study (1999–2001) and its subsequent 7-and 14-year follow-ups. Information on PA and incident diagnoses of diabetes or hypertension was assessed via standardized interviews. Change in PA was regressed upon diagnosis with diabetes or hypertension, using logistic regression models. Models were stratified into active and inactive individuals at baseline to avoid ceiling and floor effects or regression to the mean. Results: Active participants at baseline showed higher odds (OR = 2.16 [1.20;3.89]) for becoming inactive after a diabetes diagnosis than those without a diabetes diagnosis. No other significant association was observed. Discussion: As PA is important for the management of diabetes or hypertension, ways to increase or maintain PA levels in newly-diagnosed patients are important. Communication strategies might be crucial, and practitioners and health insurance companies could play a key role in raising awareness.

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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gallstone among Adults in Karachi, South Pakistan: A Population-Based Study

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p106 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Abdul Haseeb ◽

Muhammad Saad ◽

Muhammad Ahsan ◽

Madiha Raza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Female Gender ◽

Population Based ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Married Individuals ◽

Study Participants

INTRODUCTION: The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of GSD among a sample of general population in Karachi, South Pakistan.METHODOLOGY: A multistage random sampling method was employed on 30 clusters, where 60 subjects of age>=25 years were randomly recruited from the study population from June 2013 till March 2015. Finally, data was analyzed and logistic regression models were used to find the correlation between selected variables and gallstone disease.RESULTS: It was found that 184 patients had echogenic mass with shadowing on ultrasonography; yielding a prevalence of 10.2% for gallstones in the study participants. The occurrence was higher in females (14.8%) than in male participants (5.7%). Further, participants over 40 years of age and single, widow/separated subjects had higher incidence of gallstones than married individuals. Moreover, an indirect correlation was obtained with daily physical activity, consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish with development of GD.CONCLUSION: It can be evaluated that daily physical activity, female gender, increasing age and marital status play an important role in progression of GSD. Understanding pathogenesis and physiological mechanism involved in GSD can help to determine therapeutic options other than surgical treatment.

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Associations of Physical Function and Physical Activity With COVID-19-Like Symptoms

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 543-544

Author(s):

Marguerita Saadeh ◽

Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽

Davide Vetrano ◽

Philip von Rosen ◽

Anna-Karin Welmer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Function ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Oldest Old ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Population Based ◽

National Study ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Headache Pain

Abstract Physical function and physical activity have been associated with health outcomes related to the cardiopulmonary and immune systems, but the extent to which they are related to the risk of developing COVID-19-like symptoms remains unclear. We aimed to explore these associations among Swedish older adults. We analyzed data from 904 individuals aged ≥68 years from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. COVID-19-like symptoms were assessed by phone interview (March-June 2020) and included fever, cough, sore throat and/or a cold, headache, pain in muscles, legs and joints, loss of taste and/or odour, breathing difficulties, chest pain, gastrointestinal symptoms and eye inflammation. Muscle strength, mobility, and physical activity were objectively examined in 2016-2018. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and stratifying by age. During the first outbreak of the pandemic, 325 (36%) individuals from our sample developed COVID-19-like symptoms. Those with longer time to perform the chair stand test had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.1) for presenting with COVID-19-like symptoms compared to those with a faster time to perform the test, after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk was even higher among people aged ≥80 years (OR: 2.6; 95% CI 1.5-4.7). No significant associations were found for walking speed or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A weaker muscle strength, especially among the oldest-old adults, may contribute to higher odds of developing COVID-19-like symptoms, emphasizing the need to maintain sufficient levels of muscle strength in old age.

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THE INFLUENCE OF LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS ON THE INCIDENCE OF FRAILTY

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2019.37 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

M.G. BORDA ◽

M.U. PÉREZ-ZEPEDA ◽

R. SAMPER-TERNENT ◽

R.C. GÓMEZ ◽

J.A. AVILA-FUNES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Population Based ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Clinical State ◽

Physically Active ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Healthy Behaviors ◽

Health Related

Background: Frailty is a clinical state defined as an increase in an individual’s vulnerability to developing adverse health-related outcomes. Objectives: We propose that healthy behaviors could lower the incidence of frailty. The aim is to describe the association between healthy behaviors (physical activity, vaccination, tobacco use, and cancer screening) and the incidence of frailty. Design: This is a secondary longitudinal analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) cohort. Setting: MHAS is a population-based cohort, of community-dwelling Mexican older adults. With five assessments currently available, for purposes of this work, 2012 and 2015 waves were used. Participants: A total of 6,087 individuals 50-year or older were included. Measurements: Frailty was defined using a 39-item frailty index. Healthy behaviors were assessed with questions available in MHAS. Individuals without frailty in 2012 were followed-up three years in order to determine their frailty incidence, and its association with healthy behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the odds of frailty occurring according to the four health-related behaviors mentioned above. Results: At baseline (2012), 55.2% of the subjects were male, the mean age was 62.2 (SD ± 8.5) years old. The overall incidence (2015) of frailty was 37.8%. Older adults physically active had a lower incidence of frailty (48.9% vs. 42.2%, p< 0.0001). Of the activities assessed in the adjusted multivariate models, physical activity was the only variable that was independently associated with a lower risk of frailty (odds ratio: 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.88, p< 0.001). Conclusions: Physically active older adults had a lower 3-year incidence of frailty even after adjusting for confounding variables. Increasing physical activity could therefore represent a strategy for reducing the incidence of frailty. Other so-called healthy behaviors were not associated with incident frailty, however there is still uncertainty on the interpretation of those results.

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Abstract MP16: Prevalence of Dyslipidemia Patterns among US Hispanics: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.amp16 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Carlos J Rodriguez ◽

Katrina Swett ◽

Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller ◽

Martha Daviglus ◽

Robert Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Study ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Prevalence and determinants of dyslipidemia among Hispanics/Latinos are not well known. Methods: Lipid and lipoprotein data from the HCHS/SOL -- a population-based cohort study of 16,415 US Hispanic/Latino participants, ages 18-74, from Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Central and South American backgrounds -- were used. Criteria for dyslipidemia are based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines as low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) >200 mg/dl, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL-C) >160 mg/dl, or low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women). Differences across Hispanic/Latino groups were tested using Mantel- Haenszel Chi-square and analysis of variance for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Demographics, anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors, dietary and metabolic profiles in those with abnormal vs. normal lipid components were compared using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Mean age was 40.7 years (SE 0.23) and 48.3% are male. The overall prevalence of any dyslipidemia was 65.1%; prevalence of elevated LDL-C was 35.5%, and highest among Cubans (44.5%; p<0.001). Low HDL-C was present in 41.9% overall, Central Americans had the highest prevalence (44.1%) but not significantly different from other groups (p=0.09). High TGs were seen in 14.9% overall, most commonly among Cubans (17.5%; p<0.001). Elevated non-HDL-C was seen in 34.3% of the sample, and highest among Cubans (43.2%). Dominicans had the lowest prevalence of all four types of dyslipidemia. Multivariate analyses, across all Hispanics, show that prevalence of any dyslipidemia was significantly associated with increasing body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. Higher age was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of low HDL but a higher prevalence of all other dyslipidemia types. Female sex was associated with higher prevalence of low HDL-C but a lower prevalence of elevated TGs, non-HDL-C or LDL-C. Low physical activity was significantly associated with elevated TGs and low HDL-C. Alcohol use was associated with a lower prevalence of low HDL-C only. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is very common among Hispanics/Latinos; Cubans seem particularly at risk. Low HDL-C and elevated LDL-C are most commonly seen. Across all Hispanics, determinants of dyslipidemia varied depending on the type of dyslipidemia. To prevent dyslipidemias, effective public health measures among the Hispanic/Latino population are needed.

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Trends in the prevalence and incidence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Iran: findings from KERCADRS

Family Medicine and Community Health ◽

10.1136/fmch-2021-000937 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e000937

Author(s):

Hamid Najafipour ◽

Mohadeseh Shojaei Shahrokhabadi ◽

Ghodsyeh Banivaheb ◽

Abdolreza Sabahi ◽

Mitra Shadkam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Targeted Interventions

ObjectivesAnxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic and other risk factors and comorbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.DesignA population-based cohort study with random cluster household survey sampling method.SettingSecond round of Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study (KERCADRS) (2014–2018) performed in Southeastern, Iran.ParticipantsWe recruited 9997 participants (15–80 years) in the second round of the study, from whom 2820 persons were the people who also participated in the first round of KERCADRS in 2009–2012. The age-standardised A&D prevalence was measured among all participants, and the 5-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free from A&D in the first round in 2009–2012 and were at risk of A&D in the follow-up. The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, p<0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3%, p<0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among widowed (31.4%), unemployed (21.3%), obese (19.4%), and opium users (17.4%). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance of developing anxiety. The 5-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.ConclusionDespite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D symptoms in last 5 years in the area, young adults, women, unemployed, opium users, people with low physical activity and those with obesity had a higher chance of developing anxiety and are in need of more targeted interventions.

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Multicentre, cross-cultural, population-based, case–control study of physical activity as risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2017-317724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 797-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Anne E Visser ◽

James P K Rooney ◽

Fabrizio D’Ovidio ◽

Henk-Jan Westeneng ◽

Roel C H Vermeulen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Related Factors ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in population-based case–control studies in three European countries using a validated and harmonised questionnaire.MethodsPatients with incident ALS and controls were recruited from five population-based registers in The Netherlands, Ireland and Italy. Demographic and data regarding educational level, smoking, alcohol habits and lifetime PA levels in both leisure and work time were gathered by questionnaire, and quantified using metabolic equivalent of task scores. Logistic regression models adjusting for PA-related factors were used to determine the association between PA and ALS risk, and forest plots were used to visualise heterogeneity between regions.Results1557 patients and 2922 controls were included. We found a linear association between ALS and PA in leisure time (OR 1.07, P=0.01) and occupational activities (OR 1.06, P<0.001), and all activities combined (OR 1.06, P<0.001), with some heterogeneity between regions: the most evident association was seen in the Irish and Italian cohorts. After adjustment for other occupational exposures or exclusion of patients with a C9orf72 mutation, the ORs remained similar.ConclusionWe provide new class I evidence for a positive association between PA and risk of ALS in a large multicentre study using harmonised methodology to objectively quantify PA levels, with some suggestions for population differences.

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The association between dietary protein intake, energy intake and physical frailty: results from the Rotterdam Study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518003367 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 393-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Josje D. Schoufour ◽

Oscar H. Franco ◽

Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong ◽

Katerina Trajanoska ◽

Bruno Stricker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Rotterdam Study ◽

Physical Frailty ◽

Frailty Phenotype ◽

Logistic Regression Models

AbstractSufficient protein intake has been suggested to be important for preventing physical frailty, but studies show conflicting results which may be explained because not all studies address protein source and intake of other macronutrients and total energy. Therefore, we studied 2504 subjects with data on diet and physical frailty, participating in a large population-based prospective cohort among subjects aged 45+ years (the Rotterdam Study). Dietary intake was assessed with a FFQ. Frailty was defined according to the frailty phenotype as the presence of at least three out of the following five symptoms: weight loss, low physical activity, weakness, slowness and fatigue. We used multinomial logistic regression models to evaluate the independent association between protein intake and frailty using two methods: nutrient residual models and energy decomposition models. With every increase in 10 g total, plant or animal protein per d, the odds to be frail were 1·06 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·15), 0·87 (95 % CI 0·71, 1·07) and 1·07 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·15), respectively, using the nutrient residual method. Using the energy partition model, we observed that the odds to be frail were lower with higher vegetable protein intake (OR per 418·4 kJ (100 kcal): 0·61, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·97), however, results disappeared when adjusting for physical activity. For energy intake from any source we observed that with every 418·4 kJ (100 kcal) increase, the odds to be frail were 5 % lower (OR: 0·95, 95 % CI 0·93, 0·97). Our results suggest that energy intake, but not protein specifically, is associated with less frailty. Considering other macronutrients, physical activity and diet quality seems to be essential for future studies on protein and frailty.

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Delving into the Social Ecology of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among Adolescents From South Eastern Spain

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.10.8.1136 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1136-1144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Enrique Garcia Bengoechea ◽

Francisco Ruiz Juan ◽

Paula Louise Bush

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Peer Group ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Social Ecological ◽

Participation Motives

Background:Worldwide, there is a growing concern with adolescents’ low levels of physical activity (PA). We used a comprehensive social ecological framework to uncover factors associated with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among adolescents from southeastern Spain.Methods:A population-based sample of 3249 adolescents aged 12–17 participated in a school-based survey in 2006. Potential correlates of participation in and level of LTPA were assessed through self-report. LTPA levels were also self-reported. We used gender-stratified logistic regression models to examine the associations among the variables of interest.Results:Consistent with a social ecological perspective, analyses revealed several factors, corresponding to different levels of organization (demographic, biological, psychological, behavioral, social) and behavioral settings (family, peer group, school), significantly associated with LTPA. Some of these factors varied as a function of gender and depending on whether the outcome considered was nonparticipation vs. participation in LTPA or high vs. low level of involvement among participants. Overall, the findings highlight the role of health-related participation motives, significant others’ attitudes toward PA, and grade in physical education as correlates of LTPA in this sample.Conclusions:Continued research is necessary to understand the complex interplay of factors and settings associated with adolescent LTPA and the role of gender.

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Online Patient Consultation

Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie ◽

10.1055/a-1192-7800 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (04) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Christian Juhra ◽

Jörg Ansorg ◽

David Alexander Back ◽

Dominik John ◽

Andrea Kuckuck-Winkelmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Phone Call ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Personal Contact ◽

Software Products ◽

Patient Consent ◽

Health Insurance Companies ◽

Patient Consultation ◽

Certified Software

AbstractNew communication technologies allow patients to communicate with their physicians from anywhere using computer or smartphone. Adding video to the mere phone call optimizes the personal contact between patient and physicians regardless of distance. Legal and reimbursements requirements must be taken into account, especially only certified software products must be used. In addition, patient consent is needed and confidentiality must be assured. The video patient consultation can be reimbursed by the health insurance companies. As with all new technologies, the introduction of these video consultations faced some challenges. Although patients and physicians have expressed great interest in this technology, it has been rarely used so far. The current COVID crisis increased the need for video consultations resulting in an increasing use of video patient consultation. It can be expected that this demand will still exists after the COVID crisis.

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