Energy Drink Consumption, Depression, and Salutogenic Sense of Coherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults

The prevalence of energy drink consumption has increased in Hungary over the past 10–15 years. This study assesses the frequency, motivations, and adverse effects of energy drink consumption, and examines how the process of becoming a regular consumer is connected with sense of coherence and depression symptoms. A total of 631 high school and college students were assessed using the Depression Scale (BDS-13) and Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13). Logistic regression models were fit to test the effect of and links between factors influencing addiction to energy drink use. A total of 31.1% (95% CI: 27.4–34.7) of those surveyed consumed energy drinks, 24.0% of those affected consumed the energy drink with alcohol, 71.4% (95% CI: 64.7–77.3) experienced adverse effects following energy drink consumption, and 10.2% (95% CI: 6.7–15.2) experienced at least four symptoms simultaneously. The most common motivations of consumption were fatigue, taste, and fun. Obtained by multivariate logistic regression models, after adjustment for sex and age, SOC and tendency to depression had a significant influence on the respondents’ odds of addiction. The tendency to depression increases the chances of addiction, while a strong sense of coherence diminishes the effects of depression. Young people in Hungary have been shown to consume energy drinks in quantities that are detrimental to their health. Complex preventive measures and programs are needed to address the problem. Families and educators should strive to instill a strong sense of coherence in children from an early age.

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Factors Influencing Energy Drink Consumption in Participants and Viewers of Extreme Sports

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/9382521 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Conrad A. Goodhew ◽

Tracy L. Perry ◽

Nancy J. Rehrer

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Extreme Sports ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Energy Drink Consumption ◽

Sport Clubs ◽

The Mean ◽

Online Availability

Objective. To quantify energy drink consumption and influences affecting consumption in those who participate in or watch extreme sports. Methods. An online survey, informed by focus groups, was administered via Quadrics®. Advertisement was via social media, emailing extreme sport clubs, flyers at extreme sport locations, and word of mouth. Participation was limited to those >18 y who watched and/or participated in extreme sports. The study was conducted in New Zealand, with international online availability. Variables measured comprised age, sex, energy drink consumption, reasons for their use, extreme sport viewing, advertising, and sponsorship. Logistic regression models were utilised. Results. Amongst participants who completed the questionnaire (n = 247), the mean (SD) age was 26.2 (8.2) y, 40.5% were female, 57.9% consumed energy drinks, and 25.5% consumed >one per week. For every year older, odds of consuming energy drinks were 3.1% lower p = 0.04 . A 31% increase in energy drink consumption for every single increase of viewing extreme sport per week was observed p = 0.009 ; however, reported viewing of advertising was not associated with increased consumption. Conclusions. A large proportion of extreme sport enthusiasts regularly consume energy drinks, especially younger adults. Extreme sport viewing, where energy drink sponsorship is common, appears to increase their consumption, even if not considered advertising by the viewers themselves.

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Energy Drinks and Their Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738120949181 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 194173812094918

Author(s):

Ibrahim M. Nadeem ◽

Ajaykumar Shanmugaraj ◽

Seaher Sakha ◽

Nolan S. Horner ◽

Olufemi R. Ayeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Control Group ◽

Pertinent Data ◽

Energy Drink Consumption

Context: Energy drinks are the fastest growing product in the beverage industry. However, there is concern regarding potential for adverse effects with use. Objective: To evaluate the reported adverse effects of energy drink consumption. Data Sources: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched for relevant studies from inception to November 2019, and pertinent data were abstracted. Study Selection: Only clinical studies reporting adverse events after energy drink consumption were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Data regarding sample size characteristics, energy drink characteristics, comparators, and all adverse events were extracted in duplicate and recorded. Results: A total of 32 studies and 96,549 individuals were included. Frequently reported adverse events in the pediatric population were insomnia (35.4%), stress (35.4%), and depressive mood (23.1%). Frequently reported adverse events in the adult population were insomnia (24.7%), jitteriness/restlessness/shaking hands (29.8%), and gastrointestinal upset (21.6%). Alcohol mixed with energy drinks significantly reduced the likelihood of sedation effects but increased the likelihood of stimulatory effects. Energy drink consumption significantly increased the odds of insomnia (OR, 5.02; 95% CI, 1.72-14.63) and jitteriness/activeness (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.28-9.67) compared with the control group. Conclusion: The authors recommend that individuals avoid frequent energy drink consumption (5-7 energy drinks/week) and avoid co-consumption with alcohol; increased regulatory standards should be placed in the sale of energy drinks, particularly with regard to the pediatric population.

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Anxiety and Depression in Health Workers and General Population During COVID-19 Epidemic in IRAN: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

10.1101/2020.05.05.20089292 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Leila Hassannia ◽

Fatemeh Taghizadeh ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Mehran Zarghami ◽

Hassan Taghizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

General Population ◽

Regression Models ◽

Health Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak has exerted a great deal of psychological pressure on Iranian health workers and the general population. In the present study, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms along with the related variables in this epidemic were investigated.MethodAn online cross-sectional study was conducted for the general public and healthcare workers in IRAN using a questionnaire comprised of demographic questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi square test was used to compare categorical variables, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted.ResultsOf the 2045 participants,1136 (65.6%) were considered to have moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, and 865(42.3%) had moderate and severe depression symptoms. Based on the logistic regression models, the prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females than in the males (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.123-1.643, P=.002); the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in those aged 30-39 years than in other age groups (OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.123-2.320, P=0.001); furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared with other occupations (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.367-2.491, P< 0.001) and(OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.154-2.021, P=0.003). In addition, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the likely-infected COVID-19 group was higher than in the noninfected COVID-19 group (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.093-1.654, P=0.005).ConclusionsRegarding the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, especially among health care workers, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates.

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A Survey of Energy Drink Consumption and Associated Adverse Effects in Air Force Personnel

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa362 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas A Milazzo ◽

Diana X Cao ◽

Gunjeeta Diwaker ◽

Jennifer A Thornton ◽

Sachin A Shah

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Air Force ◽

Large Scale ◽

Medical Center ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Military Population ◽

Energy Drink Consumption

ABSTRACT Introduction Energy drinks are an increasingly utilized beverage and are gaining popularity in recent years. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) represents a unique population where energy drink consumption may be higher than the general population. To better understand the safety and health impact of energy drinks, this large-scale comprehensive survey was conducted to study energy drink consumption patterns and its associated adverse effects. Materials and Methods A survey was conducted across 12 USAF installations to assess self-reported energy drink consumption and adverse effects in the military population. This study was approved by the David Grant USAF Medical Center Institutional Review Board. Results A total of 9,655 participants participated in the survey. Energy drink consumption was reported in 76.7% of the participants, with 12.0% consuming ≥1 energy drink per day. Male gender, younger age, and enlisted military members are more likely to be high consumers; 58.6% of participants reported having at least once tried a premixed beverage that combines alcohol, caffeine, and other stimulants. Among energy drink users, 60.0% reported experiencing ≥1 adverse effect, and 0.92% reported needing to see a physician or going to the emergency department because of adverse effects from energy drinks. Higher energy drink or premixed combination beverage consumption frequency was associated with increased likelihood of physician or emergency department visits (P ≤ 0.002 for both). Conclusion Approximately three in four USAF members reported ever consuming an energy drink. Caution should be exercised on the amount of energy drink consumed to limit the risk of serious adverse effects. Future studies should identify populations at greatest risk for adverse effects and alternative sources of energy maintenance to attain optimal mission readiness.

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Assessing damage severity of plant hopper and leaf folder in rice using hyperspectral remote sensing and multinomial logistic regression models

10.1603/ice.2016.93420 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Mathyam Prabhakar

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽

Logistic Regression Models

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The impact of SPY angiography on intraoperative decision making and outcomes for post-mastectomy reconstruction

Journal of Cancer Science and Therapeutics ◽

10.36879/jcst.19.000109 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Skin Necrosis ◽

Regression Models ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Flap Necrosis ◽

Single Institution ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Impact

Objective: While the use of intraoperative laser angiography (SPY) is increasing in mastectomy patients, its impact in the operating room to change the type of reconstruction performed has not been well described. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether SPY angiography influences post-mastectomy reconstruction decisions and outcomes. Methods and materials: A retrospective analysis of mastectomy patients with reconstruction at a single institution was performed from 2015-2017.All patients underwent intraoperative SPY after mastectomy but prior to reconstruction. SPY results were defined as ‘good’, ‘questionable’, ‘bad’, or ‘had skin excised’. Complications within 60 days of surgery were compared between those whose SPY results did not change the type of reconstruction done versus those who did. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were entered into multivariable logistic regression models if significant at the univariate level. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 267 mastectomies were identified, 42 underwent a change in the type of planned reconstruction due to intraoperative SPY results. Of the 42 breasts that underwent a change in reconstruction, 6 had a ‘good’ SPY result, 10 ‘questionable’, 25 ‘bad’, and 2 ‘had areas excised’ (p<0.01). After multivariable analysis, predictors of skin necrosis included patients with ‘questionable’ SPY results (p<0.01, OR: 8.1, 95%CI: 2.06 – 32.2) and smokers (p<0.01, OR:5.7, 95%CI: 1.5 – 21.2). Predictors of any complication included a change in reconstruction (p<0.05, OR:4.5, 95%CI: 1.4-14.9) and ‘questionable’ SPY result (p<0.01, OR: 4.4, 95%CI: 1.6-14.9). Conclusion: SPY angiography results strongly influence intraoperative surgical decisions regarding the type of reconstruction performed. Patients most at risk for flap necrosis and complication post-mastectomy are those with questionable SPY results.

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Effect of prostatic apex shape (Lee types) and urethral sphincter length in preoperative MRI on very early continence rates after radical prostatectomy

International Urology and Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s11255-021-02809-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mike Wenzel ◽

Felix Preisser ◽

Matthias Mueller ◽

Lena H. Theissen ◽

Maria N. Welte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Regression Models ◽

Urethral Sphincter ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Pad Test ◽

Type D ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽

Type C

Abstract Purpose To test the effect of anatomic variants of the prostatic apex overlapping the membranous urethra (Lee type classification), as well as median urethral sphincter length (USL) in preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) on the very early continence in open (ORP) and robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) patients. Methods In 128 consecutive patients (01/2018–12/2019), USL and the prostatic apex classified according to Lee types A–D in mpMRI prior to ORP or RARP were retrospectively analyzed. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify anatomic characteristics for very early continence rates, defined as urine loss of ≤ 1 g in the PAD-test. Results Of 128 patients with mpMRI prior to surgery, 76 (59.4%) underwent RARP vs. 52 (40.6%) ORP. In total, median USL was 15, 15 and 10 mm in the sagittal, coronal and axial dimensions. After stratification according to very early continence in the PAD-test (≤ 1 g vs. > 1 g), continent patients had significantly more frequently Lee type D (71.4 vs. 54.4%) and C (14.3 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.03). In multivariable logistic regression models, the sagittal median USL (odds ratio [OR] 1.03) and Lee type C (OR: 7.0) and D (OR: 4.9) were independent predictors for achieving very early continence in the PAD-test. Conclusion Patients’ individual anatomical characteristics in mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy can be used to predict very early continence. Lee type C and D suggest being the most favorable anatomical characteristics. Moreover, longer sagittal median USL in mpMRI seems to improve very early continence rates.

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785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A305-A306

Author(s):

Jesse Moore ◽

Ellita Williams ◽

Collin Popp ◽

Anthony Briggs ◽

Judite Blanc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Regression Models ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Past ◽

Strengthening Exercise ◽

Waking Up ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

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Risk-Taking Behavior and the Consumption of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drink among Australian, Dutch and UK Students

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105315 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5315

Author(s):

Sean J. Johnson ◽

Sarah Benson ◽

Andrew Scholey ◽

Chris Alford ◽

Joris C. Verster

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Energy Drink Consumption ◽

Risk Taking Behavior ◽

The Relationship ◽

Level Of Risk

The relationship between risk-taking behavior, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences is well known. The current analyses were conducted to investigate whether alcohol mixed with energy drink (AMED) is related to risk-taking behavior and if there is a relationship between the amount of energy drink mixed with alcohol consumed, risk-taking behavior and negative alcohol-related consequences. Data from N = 1276 AMED consuming students from the Netherlands, UK and Australia who completed the same survey were evaluated. The analysis revealed that, compared to AMED occasions, on alcohol only (AO) occasions significantly more alcohol was consumed and significantly more negative alcohol-related consequences were reported. On both AO and AMED occasions, there was a strong and positive relationship between amount of alcohol consumed, level of risk-taking behavior and number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, the level of risk-taking behavior was not clearly related to energy drink consumption. Across risk-taking levels, differences in the amount of energy drink consumed on AMED occasions did not exceed one 250 mL serving of energy drink. When correcting for the amount of alcohol consumed, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of energy drinks consumed on AMED occasions between the risk-taking groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption is clearly related to risk-taking behavior and experiencing negative alcohol-related consequences. In contrast, energy drink intake was not related to level of risk-taking behavior and only weakly related to the number of experienced negative alcohol-related consequences.

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Catastrophic Household Expenditure Associated with Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Payments in Spain

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 932

Author(s):

Samuel López-López ◽

Raúl del Pozo-Rubio ◽

Marta Ortega-Ortega ◽

Francisco Escribano-Sotos

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Models ◽

Financial Risk ◽

Household Expenditure ◽

Financial Protection ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Ordered Logistic Regression ◽

Out Of Pocket Payments ◽

The Subject

Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use of health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially in emerging or developing countries. However, it has been the subject of little research in European countries, and is almost nonexistent after the financial crisis of 2008. The aim of the work is to analyze the incidence and intensity of financial catastrophism derived from Spanish households’ out-of-pocket payments associated with health care during the period 2008–2015. Methods. The Household Budget Survey was used and catastrophic measures were estimated, classifying the households into those above the threshold of catastrophe versus below. Three ordered logistic regression models and margins effects were estimated. Results. The results reveal that, in 2008, 4.42% of Spanish households dedicated more than 40% of their income to financing out-of-pocket payments in health, with an average annual gap of EUR 259.84 (DE: EUR 2431.55), which in overall terms amounts to EUR 3939.44 million (0.36% of GDP). Conclusion. The findings of this study reveal the existence of catastrophic households resulting from OOP payments associated with health care in Spain and the need to design financial protection policies against the financial risk derived from facing these types of costs.

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