Review of Terms and Definitions Used in Descriptions of Running Shoes

Objective: Our study aim is to identify and describe the definitions used for different types of running shoes. In addition, we highlight the existence of gaps in these concepts and propose possible new approaches. Methods: This review was undertaken in line with the guidelines proposed by Green et al., based on a literature search (until December 2019) of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar databases. A total of 23 papers met the inclusion criteria applied to identify the definition of running shoes. Results: Although there is a certain consensus on the characteristics of minimalist footwear, it is also described by other terms, such as barefoot-style or barefoot-simulating. Diverse terms are also used to describe other types of footwear, and in these cases, there is little or no consensus regarding their characteristics. Conclusions: The terms barefoot-simulated footwear, barefoot-style footwear, lightweight shoes and full minimalist shoes are all used to describe minimalist footwear. The expressions partial minimalist, uncushioned minimalist and transition shoes are used to describe footwear with non-consensual characteristics. Finally, labels such as shod shoes, standard cushioned running shoes, modern shoes, neutral protective running shoes, conventional, standardised, stability style or motion control shoes span a large group of footwear styles presenting different properties.

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Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ◽

10.1177/0272684x211022121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272684X2110221

Author(s):

Endurance Uzobo ◽

Aboluwaji D Ayinmoro

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Biomed Central ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

African Countries ◽

The World ◽

The Government

Background As it is common with the most devastating events in the world, women always seem to be at the most disadvantage position. This situation manifested during the period of COVID-19 lockdown throughout the world and Africa in particular. The purpose of this study is to explore Domestic Violence (DV) cases in African during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data for this study were gleaned from an electronic literature search using various databases PubMed and BioMed Central, Web of Science, etc. Key search words were gender DV during and after COVID-19. A total of 68 records were identified during the search. However, only 46 of these sources met the inclusion criteria. Results From the review done in selected African countries which include Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe; it was discovered that COVID-19 lockdown across these countries worsens the already existing cases of DV. The study also noted that generally, the response of the government has been very poor in terms of dealing with DV cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion The study concluded that despite the failures of government in tackling the DV pandemics, NGOs have been very active in championing the cause of those violated while also trying to provide succour to victims. Thus, the study recommended that countries in Africa need to join international initiatives in prioritising DV cases while trying to deal with the virus itself. Thus, one disease should not be traded for another.

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Global Transmission of SARS-COV-2 in Schools, Religious Centres and Markets: An Exploratory Review

International Journal of Health and Life Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijhls.110729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fortune Effiong ◽

Abdulhammed opeyemi Babatunde ◽

Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada ◽

Kenneth Enwerem

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Literature Search ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Market Place ◽

Daily Lives ◽

The World ◽

Strict Compliance ◽

Influenza Outbreaks ◽

Close Contacts

Context: The transmission of COVID-19 was reported to have started at a Seafood Market in Wuhan, China predominantly through droplets from coughing and sneezing. Gatherings like schools, religious and worship centers as well as market places are usually densely populated and congested thereby facilitating the spread of the virus via droplets. This research aims to explore the transmission of COVID-19 in schools, religious gatherings and markets. Evidence Acquisition: Literature search of available evidences was conducted on biomedical databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords, and articles that met inclusion criteria were selected. Results: Results show that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been recorded in schools, religious centres and market places in different countries and regions. Transmission was found to be less prevalent among school children unlike in influenza outbreaks due to some notable factors highlighted in the articles. Numerous evidences stated cases of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 linked to intimacy and close contacts in religious gatherings. Transmission in market place marked the genesis of the pandemic at Huanan Seafood Wholesales Market, Wuhan although only limited evidences are available about transmission in other market places in the world. Conclusions: Although these gatherings are seen to be vital to our daily lives, they are risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. It is important for government to ensure strict compliance to the COVID-19 protocols in order mitigate the spread of the virus causing the current pandemic.

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Different sterilization methods used for human tendons – A systematic review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-200464/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Denes Farago ◽

Blanka Kozma ◽

Rita Maria Kiss

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Failure Load ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Single Process ◽

Different Types ◽

Durability Testing

Abstract BackgroundIt is important to know the biomechanical properties of an allograft. This is because when looking to do a transplant of a tendon, the tendon must have very similar biomechanical properties to the original tendon. To use tendon allografts, it is critical to properly sterilize the tendon before implantation. In past decades, several sterilization procedures have been used. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the existing literature to compare the values of failure load/ultimate strength and Young’s modulus of elasticity of different sterilization methods on commonly used tendon allografts. Five major scientific literature databases (Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PLOS ONE, Hindawi) and additional sources were used.ResultsStudies used had to show a particular sterilization method. Studies were identified to meet the following inclusion criteria: is a controlled laboratory study, gamma irradiation (dose reported), and other sterilization methods. Search for publications dated between 1991 and March 31st, 2020. A total of 54 articles have been included. Data collected from the full-text assessment included: a) author and date, b) type of tendon, c) type of sterilization, d) sterilization dose, and g) measured and calculated parameters. Different types of sterilization methods used before tendon durability testing have been identified and categorized.ConclusionsIdentified sterilization methods (gamma irradiation, dry ice, supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), BioCleanse, Electron Beam) are offered as a catalog of potential methods.As a result of the broadness of the present research, it provides an overview of sterilization methods. It does not stand for the state-of-the-art of any single process.

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THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE LITERATURES

Psicologia em Estudo ◽

10.4025/psicolestud.v24i0.45021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Josimar Antônio de Alcântara Mendes ◽

Thomas Ormerod

Keyword(s):

Web Of Science ◽

Well Being ◽

Best Interests ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Emotional Needs ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Familial Bonds ◽

English Articles ◽

Relational Contexts

The best interests of the child (BIC) should be of primary consideration in any situation involving children. Thus, BIC is commonly adopted as a principle, doctrine or test to weight decision-making regarding children. This study consists of an integrative literature review of English and Portuguese publications aimed at investigating how various studies address BIC definitions, characteristics and applications. The inclusion criteria were: 1) articles published between 2012 and 2017, and 2) those clearly addressing a BIC definition, characteristic and/or application. The chosen English databases were ASSIA, PsychARTICLES, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar; the Portuguese databases were: LILACS, PePsic, Redalyc, Periódicos CAPES and Google Scholar. The main descriptor used was ‘best interests of the child’ which led to 1488 articles being found, and 14 selected. Brazilian articles have focused on the need to protect the child’s physical and psycho-socioemotional well-being, highlighting the child as a subject of rights, and maintaining child’s familial bonds. English articles have broadened the BIC perspective, highlighting the child’s idiosyncrasies, the role of the parent’s interests, and BIC as non-individualistic, flexible and complex. Other results show that BIC is largely related to the child’s development, which is divided into ‘material-physiological’ (basic needs and surviving) and ‘contextual’ (non-material and psychosocial and emotional needs) domains. Overall, BIC is a pluralistic, complex and multi-dimensional construct that depends on the child’s relational contexts.

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Exploring nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about children who are overweight/obese: A review of the literature

Clinical Nursing Studies ◽

10.5430/cns.v5n1p50 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Tuan-I Tsai ◽

Lauretta Luck ◽

Diana Jefferies ◽

Lesley Wilkes

Keyword(s):

Literature Search ◽

Student Nurses ◽

Childhood Overweight ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Obese Children ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Published Research ◽

Nurses Knowledge

The study reviewed the published research on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about children who are overweight/obese. A literature search of research published in English between 2000 and 2016 was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. A total of 5 papers met the inclusion criteria for this review with only one paper specifically discussing the attitudes of student nurses to childhood overweight/obesity. This review has shown that although there are very few articles on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes to overweight/obese children, the papers included in the review demonstrate that nurses were generally lacking in knowledge about this issue.

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A Narrative Review on the Relationship between Female Reproductive Factors and Longevity

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3269 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 885-886

Author(s):

Christy Costanian ◽

Raymond Farah ◽

Sola Bahous ◽

Abla Sibai

Keyword(s):

English Language ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Reproductive Factors ◽

Premature Menopause ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Ovid Medline ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This review presents findings on the role of female reproductive factors on longevity.A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 2020 and restricted to English language articles that tackle the relationship between reproductive factors and longevity in its various definitions. Our search yielded a total of 306 articles. After screening based on the eligibility criteria,37 articles were included for review. The majority of studies were prospective and conducted in Western populations. The most consistent findings were between parity and increased longevity. The role of ages at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, as well as reproductive lifespan on longevity were not conclusive. Whether gender of offspring is related to maternal longevity is yet to be fully elucidated.Variations in findings are in the majority due to differentials in the definition of longevity as an outcome. Further longitudinal studies based in developing countries are needed to examine reproductive factors related to longevity.

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Effect of Exercise on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Network Meta-analysis

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1524-1935 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuting Chen ◽

Shanshan Xu ◽

Jiran Shen ◽

Hui Yang ◽

Wei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Different Types ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Better Than

AbstractFew studies have directly compared the effects of different exercise therapies on reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Thus, we conducted a Frequentist network meta-analysis to analyze and compare the effectiveness of different types of exercise on reducing multiple sclerosis-related fatigue. Relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from the date of their inception up to April 1, 2021. In total, 27 articles involving 1470 participants and 10 types of interventions met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that aquatic exercise ranked as the most effective among these interventions, and aerobic exercise had small-to-moderate effect sizes. Most of the interventions were shown to be better than the control group, except for climbing. Climbing was the only intervention that ranked worse than the controls. All of these findings merit further investigation in future clinical trials.

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Terretonins from Aspergillus Genus: Structures, Biosynthesis, Bioactivities, and Structural Elucidation

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570193x18666210412162654 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim ◽

Gamal A. Mohamed ◽

Hani M.K. Kamal ◽

Shaimaa G.A. Mohamed ◽

Amgad I.M. Khedr

Keyword(s):

Structural Characterization ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Structural Elucidation ◽

Aspergillus Species ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Lead Compounds ◽

Current Review ◽

Therapeutic Category ◽

Tetracyclic Core

: Fungi are considered as a prosperous pool of microbial bio-metabolites. Terretonins are meroterpenoids that are reported mainly from Aspergillus genus. They exhibited unique tetracyclic core skeletons and various bioactivities. The current review summarizes the published researches on the source, biosynthesis, isolation, structural characterization, and bioactivities of terretonins that have been reported from Aspergillus species, as well as from synthetic sources. A literature search on the published studies was conducted over different databases: Web of Science, MedLine (PubMed), Scopus, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Wiley, and ACS Publications up to 2020. In this work, 18 compounds from Aspergillus species and synthetic sources are depicted. They have unrivaled and diversified skeletons as well as various bioactivities. Moreover, 37 references are included. Terretonins form a class of fungal bio-metabolites that attain all the characters for becoming lead compounds in their particular therapeutic category.

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The Skeletal Effects of Tanshinones: A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2319

Author(s):

Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku ◽

Kok-Lun Pang ◽

Kok-Yong Chin

Keyword(s):

Bone Resorption ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Literature Search ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Skeletal Effects

Background: Osteoporosis results from excessive bone resorption and reduced bone formation, triggered by sex hormone deficiency, oxidative stress and inflammation. Tanshinones are a class of lipophilic phenanthrene compounds found in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which contribute to its anti-osteoporosis effects. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the skeletal beneficial effects of tanshinones. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in January 2021 using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science from the inception of these databases. Original studies reporting the effects of tanshinones on bone through cell cultures, animal models and human clinical trials were considered. Results: The literature search found 158 unique articles on this topic, but only 20 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence showed that tanshinones promoted osteoblastogenesis and bone formation while reducing osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Conclusions: Tanshinones modulates bone remodelling by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast apoptosis and stimulating osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, it might complement existing strategies to prevent bone loss.

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Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Viable Therapy for Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions? A Preliminary Assessment

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11157081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 7081

Author(s):

Maria Ioana Onicas ◽

Laura Elena Narita ◽

Alexandru Mester ◽

Florin Onisor ◽

Leonardo Mancini

Keyword(s):

Bone Healing ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Regenerative Therapy ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Regenerative Periodontal Therapy

Background and Objectives: The endodontic system and the periodontium are closely interrelated and the infection of both leads to the appearance of endodontic-periodontal lesions. Along with the endodontic and periodontal classic treatment, in most cases, there is a need for regenerative periodontal therapy for the repair of the damaged tissue. One material that stimulates bone healing is represented by platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The aim of this study was to determine if the inclusion of PRF in the treatment protocol of endodontic-periodontal lesions is effective. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Four databases, MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were used in order to find all significant articles on the topic. Relevant keywords were used in different combinations. Results: The inclusion criteria were met by six studies, published between 2014 and 2020 and they were selected for the review. The use of PRF for the regenerative therapy of endodontic-periodontal lesions showed favorable outcomes in all of the studies included, with significant reductions in the probing depths. Conclusion: While platelet-rich fibrin may be beneficial, further research is needed.

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