The Status of First Aid and Its Associations with Health Outcomes among Patients with Traffic Accidents in Urban Areas of Vietnam

While it is well-evident that proper first aid would significantly promote survival and later treatment outcomes, little attention has been paid to improving its capacity in Vietnam. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the status of first aid and its associations with health outcomes among patients in traffic accidents in urban areas of Vietnam. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 413 patients in traffic accidents from October to December 2018 at six hospitals in Thai Binh province. Socio-demographics, first aid characteristics, and health outcomes were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. We used a chi-square test to determine the differences in health outcomes among those who received first aid and those without. In addition, a multivariable regression was performed to determine the factors associated with first aid. The results indicated that less than half of the patients received first aid (48.1%), and only one fourth received first aid within 10 min after an accident. The proportions of having problems with mobility, self-care, usual activities, and pain/discomfort were significantly lower among those who received first aid compared to those without it. The regression model showed that those with multiple injuries were less likely to receive first aid.

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Setting – based prevalence and correlates of central obesity: findings from a cross-sectional study among formal sector employees in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10142-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mariam John Munyogwa ◽

Kaloli Sayi Ntalima ◽

Secilia Ng’weshemi Kapalata

Keyword(s):

Central Obesity ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Formal Sector ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Face To Face ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background Obesity at the workplace has been associated with symptoms of lower self-esteem, increased individual and employer healthcare costs, increased absenteeism and presenteeism and reduced productivity. Therefore, this study was designed to study the prevalence and correlates of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Methods Study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March to June, 2019. Participants were employees from formal sector employment defined as those paid regular monthly wage and with either a secured permanent or temporary contract. Simple random sampling was used to select four out of fifteen large buildings hosting various establishments. Respondents were obtained conveniently and interviewed face to face. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference greater than 102 cm for males and greater than 88 cm for females. Chi-square test was conducted to assess the differences among the groups. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the correlates of central obesity. Results A total of 392 respondents (98% response rate) agreed and participated in the study. The overall prevalence of central obesity was found to be 41.8% (164/392). The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among females (67.4% p < 0.001), respondents aged ≥51 years (60%, p = < 0.001), administrators (55.1% p = < 0.05), respondents with salary of > 1,000,000 Tanzanian Shilling (TSh.) per month (54.4%, p = < 0.05), respondents who eat homemade meals at the workplace (64.2%, p = < 0.05) and respondents with hypertension (62.5%, p = < 0.05). Correlates of central obesity were found to be female sex (AOR = 9.53; 95% CI: 5.49, 16.78), increased age, eating homemade meals at the workplace (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.19) and hypertension (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.91). Conclusions The present study revealed high prevalence of central obesity among formal sector employees in Dodoma City. Scholars and stakeholders are urged to generate more evidences and design appropriate interventions to curb the situation.

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Maxillofacial injuries among Brazilian children and adolescents victims of traffic accidents

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720150001000032952 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laís Gonzaga de FARIAS ◽

Rebeca Valeska Soares PEREIRA ◽

Lorenna Mendes Temóteo BRANDT ◽

Thaliny Batista Sarmento de OLIVEIRA ◽

Alidianne Fábia Cabral XAVIER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Traffic Accidents ◽

Young Male ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Body Region ◽

Maxillofacial Injuries ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p <0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries.

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Exploring health literacy in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09520-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xin Mei ◽

Qing Zhong ◽

Gong Chen ◽

Yuanxia Huang ◽

Junlin Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Education Levels ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background In recent years, research on health literacy has become increasingly focused on the health care system and public health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate health literacy and analyse the risk factors that affect health literacy in Wuhan, China. Methods Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 5304 urban and rural residents aged 15 to 69 years from 204 monitoring points in 15 districts of Wuhan. Using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) (2018 edition), a face-to-face survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Risk factors that may affect health literacy were assessed using the Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The knowledge rate of health literacy was relatively low (19.3%). The knowledge rate of health-related behaviour and lifestyle (BAL, 17.3%) was the lowest of the three aspects of health literacy, and the knowledge rate of chronic diseases (CD, 19.0%) was the lowest of the six dimensions of health literacy. Respondents who lived in urban areas, had higher education levels, worked as medical staff, had a higher household income and did not suffer from chronic diseases were likely to have higher health literacy. Conclusions The health literacy levels of citizens in Wuhan are insufficient and need to improve.

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Knowledge and Practice towards Hygiene and Sanitation Amongst Residents of Dhankuta Municipality

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v12i1.11985 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

Ram Bilakshan Sah ◽

S Bhattarai ◽

D D Baral ◽

P K Pokharel

Keyword(s):

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Knowledge And Practice ◽

Unsafe Water ◽

Sanitary Conditions

Background: Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries. Objectives: To know knowledge and practice regarding hygiene and sanitation of households and to find out the hygienic practices with selected variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th April to 13th May 2012 in Dhankuta Municipality where 300 households were taken as subjects. Among 9 wards, 3 wards were randomly selected and equal number of households (100) from each ward was selected on the basis of simple random sampling. Semi-structured questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the hygienic practices with selected variables. Results: Most of respondents believed that hand washing reduces diseases (71.3%). They knew that diarrhoea is spread by dirty environment (55.7%) and drinking unsafe water (46.3%) and unhygienic food (43.3%). Majority of respondents (95.3%) washing hands with soap and water after defecation. Almost (30%) respondents used burning as a management of solid waste. The ladies were found to have better hygienic practices (92%) than gents (61.6%) and Brahmin/Chhetri (70%) were more hygienic than other ethnic groups. Conclusion: The knowledge and practice on hygiene and sanitation among the households of Dhankuta municipality was found to be fair.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v12i1.11985 Health Renaissance 2014;12(1):44-48

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Assessment of Cryptosporidium in Patients With Gastroenteritis by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Method in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019

International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences ◽

10.34172/ijmpes.2020.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Alireza Javidmehr ◽

Yagoob Garedaghi ◽

Amir Babak Sioufi

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Stool Samples ◽

East Azerbaijan

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is caused by Cryptosporidium species and leads to acute or chronic diarrhea and vomiting in patients. Due to the suitable conditions of East Azerbaijan province for parasite transmission, the present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with gastroenteritis referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with diarrhea who referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. In this study, 180 fecal samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis by cluster-random sampling. Stool samples were stored in 10% formalin and transferred to a parasitology laboratory and examined for parasite contamination by modified acid-fast staining (Modified Ziehl-Neelsen) method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS. Results: Out of 180 samples, the highest number of diarrhea samples belonged to the age group over 40 years (35.5%) and the lowest belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (7.7%). Additionally, 56% of subjects were male and 44% were female. Of these patients, 57.7% lived in urban areas and 42.3% in rural areas. Cryptosporidium was observed in 1.6% (3 cases) of patients with gastroenteritis. There was a statistically significant relationship between Cryptosporidium infection and the age of patients with diarrhea (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, a lower prevalence of cryptosporidiosis has been determined in comparison with previous studies in East Azerbaijan province. However, Cryptosporidium and other parasitic infections in the feces of patients with diarrhea referred to hospitals or reference laboratories need to be carefully diagnosed by appropriate parasitological methods.

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Practice and Awareness Regarding Tobacco Consumption among Residents of the Hilly area of Eastern Region of Nepal

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v14i1.14840 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Ram Bilakshan Shah ◽

Laxmi Subedi ◽

Nilambar Jha

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Tobacco use is a global socio-economic hazard and medical malady. The incidence of tobacco is persisting and spreading in all walks of our modern society.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among residents of Dhankuta Municipality where 205 households were taken as subjects. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between pattern of tobacco use and awareness of tobacco use among residents of Dhankuta municipality.Results: The awareness towards tobacco use among residents of Dhankuta municipality was found to be 41 %. The awareness of tobacco consumption was significantly higher among the female (49 %) in gender and those whose education were School Leaving Certificate (SLC) and above (44.6 %) (P<0.05). The respondents consuming tobacco have forty times lesser chances of having aware as respondents not consuming tobacco (OR=0.025). The respondents consuming tobacco for more than 20 years (12.1 %) and more than 20 sticks per day (20 %) were more aware of tobacco consumption but the difference was not significant.Conclusions: The awareness towards tobacco use among residents of Dhankuta municipality was found to be less. Male in gender, lack of education and poor occupation like famer, housewife was found to be less aware of tobacco consumption.

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Comparison of COVID-19 Relevant Knowledge and Attitudes of Clinical and Preclinical Dental Students in Turkey

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.2478/bjdm-2020-0021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Fatih Karaaslan ◽

Ahu Dikilitaş ◽

Esra Özge Aydin

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Knowledge And Attitudes ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Training Courses

SummaryBackground/Aim: Dental care settings invariably carry the risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection because dental practice involves face-to-face communication with patients and the generation of large amounts of aerosol and droplets mixed with patients’ saliva. Since droplet and aerosol transmission are the most important concerns in dental clinics, informing future dentists about pandemic diseases at the undergraduate stage is important. In this context, the aim of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitudes of clinical and preclinical dental students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.Material and Methods: 159 preclinical and 130 clinical dental students were included in this cross sectional study. The researchers developed a closed-ended questionnaire with the help of the existing literature. The questionnaire contained 17 questions about the knowledge and attitudes of dental students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Clinical students feel significantly more threatened with exposure to COVID-19 infection than preclinical students (p<0.05, chi-square test). The proportion of students who do not want to treat an individual who has had a COVID-19 infection and recovered is statistically higher in clinical students (p<0.05, chi-square test). The proportion of students who think that using protective equipment during dental practice will not protect them against COVID-19 infection is statistically higher in clinical students (p<0.05, chi-square test).Conclusions: More education and training courses are need in order to improve students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding newly emerging pandemic diseases.

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Presentation of invasive cervical cancer in Bangladesh

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v6i1.29021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jannatul Ferdous ◽

Shirin Akter Begum ◽

Noor-E- Ferdous ◽

Qamrun Nahar ◽

Sayeda Fatema Khatun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

The Status ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Cervical cancer is a disease of significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. More than 85% of the disease occurs in developing countries. Bangladesh, like other developing countries faces a burden of the disease. ObJective: To find out the different way of presentation of invasive cervical cancer patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynaecologic Oncology wing of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during 1st January 2007 to 30th April 2008. One hundred and four patients with invasive cervical cancer admitted in hospital were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. All the information were collected in a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS version: 17.0. Frequency distributions were used to present the characteristics of the patients. Chi-square test was calculated and the significant level was set at P<0.05. Results: Maximum patients (60.6%) were in stage II. Majority of the patients (61.5%) presented with abnormal bleeding. Exophytic growth was found in the majority of the patients (71.2%). Squamous cell carcinoma was more (92.3%) in the majority of patients and adenocarcinoma was more in younger age group. Conclusion: The status of the patients irJ this study reflects advanced stage of the disease at presentation and the peak incidence was observed in 36-45 years age group.

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A study on knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate medical students

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172858 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 2555

Author(s):

Chaitali A. Gore ◽

Sruthi Sankar ◽

Shabnam Sheriff ◽

Swetha Anand ◽

Smrithika L. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Life Support ◽

First Aid ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Undergraduate Medical Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Background: Life is characterized by precarious twists and turns and risky conditions that emerge all the time. First aid is the immediate action taken to save a life and reduce the effects of injury and illness until medical help is obtained. This study aims at assessing the knowledge regarding first aid among undergraduate medical students and comparing the knowledge among different terms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 150 undergraduate medical students of Vydehi Medical College, Bangalore. A questionnaire with 15 questions regarding the awareness and skills involved in first aid were used to assess the levels of awareness among undergraduate medical students. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Data was analysed using percentages and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 150 medical students filled the questionnaire, 50 each from 5th (2nd year), 7th (3rd year) and 9th terms (4th year). The overall scores were, 43 out of 150 students had excellent knowledge, 71 out of 150 needed improvement, 35 out of 150 had adequate knowledge and only 1 out of 150 had poor knowledge about First-Aid. The association between terms and level of knowledge was found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: First Aid knowledge among medical students needs improvement. Level of knowledge improved with increasing term but this was not sufficient and more training should be given to all medical students on first aid and basic life support.

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Factors Relating To Safety Riding Behaviors In Students Of Senior High School 5 Palu

Preventif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.22487/preventif.v11i2.177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 134-145

Author(s):

Lusia Salmawati ◽

Shinta Widya Puspita

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Approach ◽

Accident Data ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Minor Injuries ◽

Serious Injuries

Traffic accidents are still a global problem today. Traffic accidents are the main cause of death for all age groups dominated by adolescents. The number of traffic accident cases in Indonesia reached 108,871 incidents with details of which 25,511 people died. Accident data in Central Sulawesi during 2016 reached 1,889 incidents, with 420 dead, 1,076 serious injuries and 2,042 minor injuries. The city of Palu is in order no. 1 with traffic accidents 308 cases with losses of up to 616 million rupiah. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with safety riding behavior. This type of research is quantitative with a Cross Sectional Study approach, sampling using the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 84 respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a Guttman scale. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that there was no relationship between knowledge (p = 0.95), while there was a relationship between attitude (p = 0.008), SIM ownership (p = 0.003), and safety riding behavior. To prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to provide an understanding of Safety Riding, guide traffic discipline, invite them to complete driving licenses, familiarize children with using PPE, and provide motivation to always prioritize safety in driving.

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