Factors Influencing the Preventive Practice of International Students in South Korea against COVID-19 during the Pandemic

As the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spreads worldwide, quarantine guidelines are being constantly updating to prevent the transmission of this virus. Regardless of which country international students live in, they might receive limited crucial quarantine guidelines from that country’s government. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the preventive practice of international students in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected from international students in three universities from July 10 to July 31 in 2020. A total of 261 international students participated in the survey, using an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Preventive practice during the COVID-19 pandemic was affected by duration of stay in Korea (β = −0.21, p < 0.001), attitudes (β = 0.22, p = 0.001), and trust in Korea’s quarantine system (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). This study showed that attitudes and trust in the quarantine system could affect personal preventive practice during the outbreak of a highly contagious disease such as COVID-19.

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A Preliminary Assessment of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions in Nigeria

10.1101/2020.04.11.20061408 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P.O. Olapegba ◽

O. Ayandele ◽

S.O. Kolawole ◽

R. Oguntayo ◽

J.C. Gandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Study Data ◽

Common Source ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Traditional Media ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

High Level

AbstractThis study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 among the general public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdown in the country. From March 28 to April 4, 2020, this cross-sectional survey used an anonymous online questionnaire to collect data from respondents within Nigeria. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit 1357 respondents, aged 15-70 years, from 180 cities and towns within Nigeria. Study data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Approximately more than half (57.02%) of the respondents were male with high level of education (48.86% bachelor’s degree or higher). Approximately half of the respondents (46.94%) opined that COVID-19 was “a biological weapon designed by the Chinese government.” About 94% of the respondents identified “contact with airborne droplets via breathing, sneezing, or coughing” as the most common mode of transmission; most respondents associated COVID-19 with coughing (81.13%), shortness of breath (73.47%) and fever (62.79%). “Regular hand washing and social distancing” was selected by most respondents (94.25%) as a way of preventing infection whereas 11.86% reported “consuming gins, garlic, ginger, herbal mixtures and African foods/soups” as preventive measures against COVID-19. Majority of the respondents (91.73%) thought COVID-19 is deadly; and most respondents (84.3%) got 4 or more answers correctly. It was also observed that the traditional media (TV/Radio) are the most common source of health information about COVID-19 (93.5%). Findings revealed that Nigerians have relatively high knowledge, mostly derived from traditional media, about COVID-19. Their perceptions of COVID-19 bear implications across public health initiatives, compliance with precautionary behavior as well as bilateral relations with foreign nations. Evidence-based campaign should be intensified to remove misconceptions and promote precautionary measures.

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Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

African Journal of Employee Relations (Formerly South African Journal of Labour Relations) ◽

10.25159/2520-3223/4553 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Christoff Visagie ◽

Michael M. Jones ◽

Herman L. Linde

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Leader Member Exchange ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Dyadic Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Engineering Company ◽

Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

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The patellofemoral morphology and the normal predicted value of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance in the Chinese population

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04454-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhe Li ◽

Guanzhi Liu ◽

Run Tian ◽

Ning Kong ◽

Yue Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Tibial Tuberosity ◽

Trochlear Groove ◽

Lasso Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background Our objective was to obtain normal patellofemoral measurements to analyse sex and individual differences. In addition, the absolute values and indices of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distances are still controversial in clinical application. A better method to enable precise prediction is still needed. Methods Seventy-eight knees of 78 participants without knee pathologies were included in this cross-sectional study. A CT scan was conducted for all participants and three-dimensional knee models were constructed using Mimics and SolidWorks software. We measured and analysed 19 parameters including the TT-TG distance and dimensions and shapes of the patella, femur, tibia, and trochlea. LASSO regression was used to predict the normal TT-TG distances. Results The dimensional parameters, TT-TG distance, and femoral aspect ratio of the men were significantly larger than those of women (all p values < 0.05). However, after controlling for the bias from age, height, and weight, there were no significant differences in TT-TG distances and anterior-posterior dimensions between the sexes (all p values > 0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the anterior femoral offset and other indexes were consistently below 0.3, indicating no relationship or a weak relationship. Similar results were observed for the sulcus angle and the Wiberg index. Using LASSO regression, we obtained four parameters to predict the TT-TG distance (R2 = 0.5612, p < 0.01) to achieve the optimal accuracy and convenience. Conclusions Normative data of patellofemoral morphology were provided for the Chinese population. The anterior-posterior dimensions of the women were thicker than those of men for the same medial-lateral dimensions. More attention should be paid to not only sex differences but also individual differences, especially the anterior condyle and trochlea. In addition, this study provided a new method to predict TT-TG distances accurately.

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Panic and Trust during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study on Immigrants in South Korea

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9020199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Myeong Sook Yoon ◽

Israel Fisseha Feyissa ◽

So-Won Suk

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

South Korea ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Native Community ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Marginalized Groups ◽

Local Media ◽

Effective Public Health

In the COVID-19 pandemic, marginalized groups like migrants are disproportionately affected. As panic, fear of neglect, and mistrusting institutions in these groups are presumed to be apparent, their detachment to health services still needs to be investigated. This study comparatively analyzed the level of panic and trust between South Koreans and immigrants who are living within highly affected areas of South Korea. Mann–Whitney-U-Test and Pearson correlation showed panic is more pronounced in the Korean group while having a similar panic display pattern with the immigrants. The immigrant group appears to highly trust the Korean health system, health institutions, local media, and the local native community. Beyond conventional expectations, participant’s average panic score showed a statistically significant positive correlation with items of the trust scale, indicating a level of individual reliance amid the pandemic panic. Thus, ascertaining institutional trust and matured citizenry are identified as factors for effective public health outcomes. During such a pandemic, this study also reminded the public health needs of immigrants as secondary citizens, and presumptions of immigrants’ mistrust in such settings might not always be true.

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Predictors of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests’ Utilisation Among Healthcare Workers in Zamfara State

10.1101/363697 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Usman Rabi ◽

Ahmad A. Umar ◽

Saheed Gidado ◽

A.A Gobir ◽

Izuchukwu F. Obi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Health Workers ◽

Diagnostic Testing ◽

Study Data ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Health Extension Workers ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing

AbstractIntroductionEarly diagnosis and prompt and effective treatment is one of the pillars of malaria control Malaria case management guidelines recommend diagnostic testing before treatment using malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) or microscopy and this was adopted in Nigeria in 2010. However, despite the deployment of mRDT, the use of mRDTs by health workers varies by settings. This study set out to assess factors influencing utilisation of mRDT among healthcare workers in Zamfara State, Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 306 healthcare workers selected using multistage sampling from six Local Government Areas between January and February 2017. Mixed method was used for data collection. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on knowledge, use of mRDT and factors influencing utilization. An observational checklist was used to assess the availability of mRDT in the six months prior to this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means and proportions. Association between mRDT use and independent variables was tested using Chi square while multiple regression was used to determine predictors of use at 5% level of significance.ResultsMean age of respondents was 36.0 ± 9.4years. Overall, 198 (64.7%) of health workers had good knowledge of mRDT; malaria RDT was available in 33 (61.1%) facilities. Routine use of mRDT was reported by 253 (82.7%) healthcare workers. This comprised 89 (35.2%) laboratory scientists/technicians, 89 (35.2%) community health extension workers/community health officers; 59 (23.3%) nurses and 16 (6.3%) doctors. Predictors of mRDT utilisation were good knowledge of mRDT (adjusted OR (aOR):3.3, CI: 1.6-6.7), trust in mRDT results (aOR: 4.0, CI: 1.9 - 8.2), having being trained on mRDT (aOR: 2.7, CI: 1.2 - 6.6), and provision of free mRDT (aOR: 2.3, CI: 1.0 - 5.0).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that healthcare worker utilisation of mRDT was associated with health worker and health system-related factors that are potentially modifiable. There is need to sustain training of healthcare workers on benefits of using mRDT and provision of free mRDT in health facilities.

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A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.715640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yunru Liao ◽

Zhenlan Yang ◽

Zijing Li ◽

Rui Zeng ◽

Jing Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Agreement ◽

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽

Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽

The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

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Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Kader Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) di SMAN 2 Lamongan Terhadap Program Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v4i3.2020.213-217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Stefania Widya Setyaningtyas ◽

Thinni Nurul Rochmah ◽

Trias Mahmudiono ◽

Susi Hidayah ◽

Yurike D Adhela

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

Study Data ◽

Female Adolescent ◽

Red Cross ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Improve Compliance ◽

Iron Folic Acid

ABSTRACT Background: anemia prevention through iron-folic acid supplementation (IFA) for female adolescent has become goverment’s program priority. Although this programme have been running, several constrains including consumption compliance was frequently found. On the other hand, school have potential resources such as Junior of The Red Cross (PMR) which can be peer educator for health including anemia for other students. Objectives: this research was aimed to describe knowledge, practice, and attitude of PMR member toward IFA supplementation in SMAN 2 LamonganMethods: This research used cross sectional design. The population of this study was 100 members of the Red Cross Youth Teaching (PMR) SMAN 2 Lamongan. The sample of this study was 60 students who were selected by the simple random sampling method who met the inclusion criteria, such as were active members of the PMR and were willing to take part in the study. Data collection was carried out using self-administered questionnaires using an online questionnaire application consisting of 20 questions to measure knowledge; 20 questions to measure attitude; and 13 questions to measure behavior. Data were categorized and analyzed using descriptive tests.Results: Most respondents still have lack of knowledge related to the TTD program (56.7%) and its benefits (56.7%). 66% of PMR cadres have a positive attitude towards TTD, but not 100% of PMR cadres consume blood-added tablets regularly.Conclusions Strengthening of knowledge and attitudes towards TTD is needed to improve compliance of TTD consumption among PMR members so that later PMR cadres can become peer educators for other students.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: penanggulangan anemia dengan pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) dengan sasaran remaja putri menjadi fokus pemerintah saat ini. Walaupun sudah mulai berjalan, seringkali ditemukan beberapa kendala dalam pelaksanaan program, diantaranya ketidakpatuhan konsumsi TTD. Di sisi lain, sekolah memiliki potensi sumberdaya untuk meningkatkan optimalisasi program TTD, salah satunya adalah Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) yang dapat menjadi pendidik sebaya tentang masalah kesehatan termasuk anemia bagi siswi lainnya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku kader PMR di SMA Negeri 2 Lamongan terhadap program pemberian TTDMetode: Penelitian ini merupakan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anggota ekstrakurikuler Palang Merah Remaja (PMR) SMAN 2 Lamongan sejumlah 100 orang. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 60 siswa anggota PMR yang dipilih dengan metode simple random sampling dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu merupakan anggota aktif PMR dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan self-administered questionnaires dengan menggunakan aplikasi kuesioner online yang terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan untuk mengukur pengetahuan; 20 pertanyaan untuk mengukur sikap; dan 13 pertanyaan untuk mengukur perilaku. Data dikategorikan dan dianalisis menggunakan uji deskriptif.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden masih memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang terkait program TTD (56,7%) dan manfaatnya (56,7%). Sebesar 66% kader PMR memiliki sikap yang positif terhadap TTD, namun tidak 100% kader PMR mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah secara rutin.Kesimpulan: Perlu penguatan terhadap pengetahuan serta sikap terhadap TTD untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan konsumsi TTD di kalangan anggota PMR agar nantinya kader PMR dapat menjadi pendidik sebaya bagi siswi lainnya.

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An Epidemiological Study on Factors Influencing Gaming Disorder- an Online Cross- Sectional Design

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1074693/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rabbanie Tariq Wani ◽

Imrose Rashid

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Online Gaming ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background: Gaming disorders have increased over time due to easy availability of online gaming. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the gaming disorders. Methods: An online questionnaire was circulated on gaming platforms for the assessment as per IGD20 & DSM5 criteria. Results: A significant correlation was found between duration of play and gaming disorders (r= 0.131, p<0.05). The scores were concurrent as per IGD20 and DSM5 criteria. Conclusion: Undiagnosed gaming disorder among gamers needs to be addressed. Duration of playing of games also needs to be checked inorder to reduce the prevalence of gaming disorders.

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Prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in university students during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University ◽

10.37018/raux7717 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 9-12

Author(s):

Ameer Hamza Mahmood-ul-Hassan ◽

Abdul Sannan ◽

Nehala Nooz ◽

Ansa Ramay ◽

Muhammad Huzaifa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Severity Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

The World

Background: The world is facing COVID-19 pandemic and almost 70% of the world had gone under Lockdown. People are facing stress, insomnia and anxiety. The lack of basic awareness and spread of fake news are common causes of all these issues. This study was done to determine the prevalence of insomnia and anxiety in medical and non-medical students. Subjects and methods: Subjects were approached through friends in universities using WhatsApp. People having insomnia and anxiety before quarantine were excluded from this study. People using anti-depressants and anti-psychotics before quarantine were also excluded from this study. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 965 students of medical and non-medical universities in the cities of Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Consent was taken for using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Insomnia Severity Index for scoring of anxiety and insomnia respectively. An online questionnaire made in Google forms was used for data collection. Independent t-tests, Pearson Correlation and Regression analysis were performed using SPSS v25. Results: Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in non-medical students as compared to the medical students was observed. There was statistically significant strong correlation between anxiety and insomnia of the enrolled subjects (r=0.742, p<0.001). A linear regression equation was formulated. Increased prevalence of anxiety and insomnia in females was also determined. Conclusion: Non-medical students, compared to medical students, among which, females, compared to males, were more likely to suffer from anxiety and insomnia during lockdown.

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Anxiety, Fear and Awareness of Pakistani Dentists Against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Dentistry and Oral Sciences ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-3736-3(1)-076 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sana Rauf

Keyword(s):

High Volume ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Who Guidelines ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

And Gender ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Dental Professionals

Aim: The present study aimed to assess anxiety fear and awareness among dentists working during the current Corona Virus (COVID-19) outbreak. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed using Google Forums in March 2020. A total of 249 participants from different cities across Pakistan participated and submitted the results. The data were entered in IBM SPSS Statistics, version 22 (IBM Corp) for statistical analysis. Results: No significant relationship (P< 0.06)between the participant's responses and gender or their education was established in this study. However, increased anxiety in Pakistani dentists because ofCOVID-19 was seen; 90.0%. A large number(86.7%) of the professionals seemed to be familiar with the revised CDC and WHO guidelines in regards to cross-infection for Coronavirusin dental procedures. However the majority 66.3% reported that they did not use rubber dam isolation in their treatments and only 45% had high-volume suction in their practices to use during treatments. Conclusion: Dentists all around Pakistan are anxious and fearful at work because of the pandemic. It is absolutely vital that only emergency dental procedures are given priority in regards to treatments while all elective procedures should be deferred till the pandemic is under control. Clinical Significance: It is important to identify the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic has presented to all dental professionals.

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