Contribution of ICOH to Address the Different OSH Needs among Countries: Results of a Survey

The aim of this study is to map the coverage of occupational safety and health (OSH) rules and provisions and their enforcement at a country level worldwide. Members’ participation in the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) activities was also investigated. We used a questionnaire-based survey to collect data. An online questionnaire was administered from February 14 to March 18, 2018 to all ICOH members for the triennium 2015 to 2017 (n = 1929). We received 384 completed questionnaires from 79 countries, with a 20% response rate. To synthesize information about the coverage of OSH rules and provisions and their level of enforcement, a synthetic coverage index was calculated and combined with country, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the human development index (HDI). We used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to analyze the members’ participation in ICOH activities. More than 90.0% of the sample declared that in their own country there is a set of rules and provisions regulating OSH in the workplace, and training procedures and tools to improve workers’ awareness. However, these rules and training procedures are mainly “partially” enforced and utilized (39.0% and 45.4%). There was no statistically significant association between country and GDP per capita and the synthetic coverage index, whilst controlling for HDI. The level of engagement in ICOH activities is higher in senior members (aged 65 years or older), coming from high-income countries, having held a position within ICOH, with a higher level of education and a researcher position. An integrated and multidisciplinary approach, which includes research, education and training, is needed to address OSH issues and their impact both at global and country level.

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Licensing, Educational Credentialing, and Wages Among Foreign Skilled Workers in Germany

KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie ◽

10.1007/s11577-020-00681-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (S1) ◽

pp. 375-400

Author(s):

Daniela Rohrbach-Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Occupational Safety And Health ◽

The Other ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

Skilled Workers ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Safety And Health ◽

The One ◽

Theoretical Foundations ◽

And Training

Abstract The article studies whether foreign skilled workers have similar access to licensed and more credentialed occupations, and whether they profit from these regulations in terms of similar wages in these occupations to comparable domestic skilled workers. The theoretical foundations of this article are concepts of signaling and occupational closure. The analyses use a sample of 60,000 employed persons from the 2006, 2012 and 2018 Employment Surveys of the German Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) and the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), and a reweighting approach to account for the selection on observables. Results show an ambivalent picture of the regulation of occupations: on the one hand, at least foreign skilled men earn similar wages to domestic skilled men in more closed occupations; on the other hand, foreign skilled workers are less likely to enter these positions and they have monetary disadvantages compared with domestic skilled workers in less closed occupations.

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A descriptive analysis of 2020 California Occupational Safety and Health Administration COVID-19-related complaints

10.1101/2021.12.06.21262384 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marilyn D Thomas ◽

Ellicott C Matthay ◽

Kate A Duchowny ◽

Alicia R Riley ◽

Harmon Khela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Workplace Safety ◽

Occupational Safety And Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Health Administration ◽

California Department ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Per Capita

COVID-19 mortality disproportionately affected specific occupations and industries. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) protects the health and safety of workers by setting and enforcing standards for working conditions. Workers may file OSHA complaints about unsafe conditions. Complaints may indicate poor workplace safety during the pandemic. We evaluated COVID-19-related complaints filed with California (Cal)/OSHA between January 1, 2020 and December 14, 2020 across seven industries. To assess whether workers in occupations with high COVID-19-related mortality were also most likely to file Cal/OSHA complaints, we compared industry-specific per-capita COVID-19 confirmed deaths from the California Department of Public Health with COVID-19-related complaints. Although 7,820 COVID-19-related complaints were deemed valid by Cal/OSHA, only 627 onsite inspections occurred and 32 citations were issued. Agricultural workers had the highest per-capita COVID-19 death rates (402 per 100,000 workers) but were least represented among workplace complaints (44 per 100,000 workers). Health Care workers had the highest complaint rates (81 per 100,000 workers) but the second lowest COVID-19 death rate (81 per 100,000 workers). Industries with the highest inspection rates also had high COVID-19 mortality. Our findings suggest complaints are not proportional to COVID-19 risk. Instead, higher complaint rates may reflect worker groups with greater empowerment, resources, or capacity to advocate for better protections. This capacity to advocate for safe workplaces may account for relatively low mortality rates in potentially high-risk occupations. Future research should examine factors determining worker complaints and complaint systems to promote participation of those with the greatest need of protection.

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The Relationship of Farmers Characteristics and Perception of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Application in Farming Activities in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency, East Java

Sodality Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan ◽

10.22500/sodality.v7i2.26974 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 153-158

Author(s):

Abdul Farid ◽

Arum Pratiwi ◽

Aan Dwi Auliya Fitri

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Methods ◽

Occupational Safety ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Primary Data ◽

Land Area ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

And Training

The majority of residents of Wonosalam Subdistrict are farmers who are at high risk of having health problems due to interactions with hazardous materials, such as pesticides. The implementation of occupational safety and health (K3) which is still low triggers the occurrence of accidents and diseases in farmers that have an impact on performance degradation so that it can cause losses. The aim of this study to find out the relationship between farmers 'characteristics and farmers' perceptions in the application of K3 in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency by using descriptive quantitative methods. Observation variables include age, level of education, training, length of farming, income, land status and land area on perceptions of OHS application. The data used are primary data obtained from 98 farmers using a questionnaire. Analysis of the data used in this study is thecorrelation analysis Spearman Rank. The results showed that the characteristics of farmers associated with farmers' perceptions in applying OSH were the level of education and training. While the characteristics of farmers who are not related to the perception of farmers in the application of OSH are age, length of farming, income, land status and land area.

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Forecasting global road traffic injury mortality for 2030

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 339-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haruhiko Inada ◽

Qingfeng Li ◽

Abdulgafoor Bachani ◽

Adnan A Hyder

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Road Traffic Injury ◽

Population Projection ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Country Level ◽

The World ◽

Per Capita ◽

Years Of Schooling

ObjectiveTo forecast the number and rate of deaths from road traffic injuries (RTI) in the world in 2030.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of annual country-level data of RTI mortality rates for 1990–2017 in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study, population projection for 2030, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita for 1990–2030 and average years of schooling among people aged 15 years+ for 1990–2030. We developed up to 6884 combinations of forecasting models for each subgroup stratified by country, sex and mode of transport using linear and squared year, GDP per capita and average years of schooling as potential predictors. We conducted a fixed-size, rolling window out-of-sample forecast to choose the best combination for each subgroup. In the validation, we used the data for 1990–2002, 1991–2003 and 1992–2004 (fit periods) to forecast mortality rates in 2015, 2016 and 2017 (test periods), respectively. We applied the selected combination of models to the data for 1990–2017 to forecast the mortality rate in 2030 for each subgroup. To forecast the number of deaths, we multiplied the forecasted mortality rates by the corresponding population projection.ResultsDuring the test periods, the selected combination of models produced the number of deaths that is higher than that estimated in the GBD Study by 5.1% collectively. Our model resulted in 1.225 million deaths and 14.3 deaths per 100 000 population in 2030, which were 1% and 12% less than those for 2017 in the GBD Study, respectively.ConclusionsThe world needs to accelerate its efforts towards achieving the Decade of Action for Road Safety goal and the Sustainable Development Goals target.

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Solvent Evaporation in an Isolated Subsurface Structure: An Unrecognized and Underappreciated Risk

Infrastructures ◽

10.3390/infrastructures4030047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

McManus ◽

Haddad

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Precast Concrete ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Subsurface Structures ◽

Confined Spaces ◽

Education Experience ◽

Chamber Volume ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Single Opening ◽

And Training

Isolated subsurface structures readily collect solvents spilled onto surrounding surfaces or poured into opening(s) in the manhole cover. Fatal overexposures and fires/explosions have occurred following these events. This work documents evaporation of 10 mL of lacquer thinner from a paper towel positioned near the base of a vertically oriented precast concrete chamber (volume = 2.5 m3) and exchange through opening(s) in the manhole cover monitored using a Photoionization Device (PID) sensor. A sixth order polynomial fitted by Microsoft Excel best describes the process of evaporation and dispersion in the airspace and exchange with the external atmosphere. Restoration of the uncontaminated atmosphere can require 48 hours or more under these conditions. A manhole cover containing a single opening is most likely to retain vapor for the longest period, and one with two circumferential openings opposite each other is least likely. Results presented here argue for the involvement of individuals made knowledgeable by education, experience, and training in confined spaces to address this unrecognized and underappreciated risk. Optimizing ventilation induced by natural forces in isolated subsurface structures is a natural application of the NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Prevention through Design initiative.

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Regional disparities and convergences in America

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201260040037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Petr Blížkovský

Keyword(s):

Convergence Analysis ◽

Gini Coefficient ◽

Regional Disparity ◽

Status Quo ◽

Regional Disparities ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Country Level ◽

The Us ◽

Disparity Range ◽

Per Capita

This paper analyses the levels and trends of regional disparity and convergence in the two American macro-regions, NAFTA and MERCOSUR. In the case of NAFTA, 95 micro-regions were analysed (12 in Canada; 32 in Mexico; 51 states in the US). In MERCOSUR, the regions are represented by four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). The analysis covers the period 2000–2008 (or rather 2000 to 2005 for Mexico). The regional disparities were calculated with the Gini coefficient based on nominal GDP, GDP per capita and GDP per capita PPS. Convergence analysis was done with the Disparity Range Coefficient (DRC), the Average Disparity Range Coefficient (ADRC), σ- convergence and β-convergence. The results of regional disparity were as follows. Based on the nominal GDP, it was at high levels in both macro-regions, with a Gini coefficient above 0.55. With the disparities calculated on GDP per capita, the level of regional disparity in both macro-regions was lower at 0.36 in NAFTA and 0.28 in MERCOSUR in 2000. Based on GDP per capita in PPP, the levels were lower than based on the GDP per capita analysis starting at 0.31 in NAFTA and 0.16 in MERCOSUR. The disparities further decreased by half in NAFTA while slightly increasing in MERSCOSUR. The convergence analysis results based on the DRC analysis showed that neither NAFTA nor MERCOSUR regions converged. The speed of divergence varied significantly. The disparities among the richest and poorest regions in GDP per capita increased 6.26 times more than the average GDP per capita in PPP in NAFTA as a whole. It was only 0.52 in MERCOSUR. The ADRC analysis also resulted in divergence trends for both macro-regions but with lower rates. Convergence calculated with the σ- convergence analysis confirmed that both macro-regions diverged. The divergence rate for NAFTA was 1.41% and for MERCOSUR 0.74. Calculated with the β-convergence analysis, the NAFTA region showed a status quo (convergence of 0.01%) and a divergence trend was registered for MERCOSUR (0.99%). At the country level, the micro-regions in Canada were diverging (1.62% per year) while the ones in the US and Mexico converging (0.02% and 0.77%, respectively).

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PENERAPAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA PADA LABORATORIUM KONSTRUKSI SIPIL JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL – POLITEKNIK NEGERI MANADO

Jurnal Berdaya Mandiri ◽

10.31316/jbm.v1i2.348 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 144-153

Author(s):

Syanne Pangemanan ◽

Jeanely Rangkang

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Occupational Safety And Health ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Student Work ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Engineering Department ◽

On Line ◽

The Cost ◽

Training Services ◽

And Training

Civil Construction laboratories are the means to conduct student work practices. Civil Construction Laboratory with all equipment and materials is a place of potential cause danger to the users of lecturers, technicians and students in it if not equipped with knowledge about health and Occupational safety. The cost to build occupational safety and health, the cost to buy security tools is quite large. However, occupational safety and health will also be assured. Workers ' skills and skills must be increased through education and training so as to follow the pace of development of science and technology disaster relief tools should be improved to make the catastrophe caused by the implementation of Advanced technology is not until widespread and destructive. But currently the use of safety equipment for the implementation of practice in the Civil Construction Laboratory of Civil Engineering Department of Manado State Polytechnic is still lacking. The specific purpose of dissemination of technological products to the communities to be achieved is (1) protecting and guaranteeing the safety of any lecturers, technicians, students and other people in the workplace; (2) Training K3 for lecturers and Technicians (3) The K3 Handbook for Civil Construction Laboratories. To achieve these objectives, then through the targeted external indicators are: (1) K3 equipment is personal protective equipment (APD) in the form of helmets, masks, vests, gloves and safety shoes (2) K3 Handbook, (3) Training services of K3 for lecturers and technicians and (4) publications on Local on-line mass media.

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Fair allocation of healthcare research funds by the European Union?

10.1101/453209 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Zoltán Kaló ◽

Loek Hendrik Matheo van den Akker ◽

Zoltán Vokó ◽

Marcell Csanádi ◽

György János Pitter

Keyword(s):

Population Size ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Healthcare Research ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Research Grants ◽

Country Level ◽

Per Capita ◽

Grant Allocation ◽

Research Excellence

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the distribution of European Union (EU) healthcare research grants across EU countries, and to study the effect of the potential influencing factors on grant allocation. We analysed publicly available data on healthcare research grants from the 7th Framework Programme and the Horizon 2020 Programme allocated to beneficiaries between 2007 and 2016. Grant allocation was analysed at the beneficiary-, country-, and country group-level (EU-15 versus newer Member States, defined as EU-13). The investigated country-level explanatory variables included GDP per capita, population size, overall disease burden, and healthcare research excellence. Grant amounts per 100,000 inhabitants was used as an outcome variable in the regression analyses.Research funds were disproportionally allocated to EU-15 versus the EU-13, as 96.9% of total healthcare grants were assigned to EU-15 countries. At the beneficiary level, EU funding was positively influenced by participating in previous grants. The average grant amount per beneficiary was higher for EU-15 organizations. In univariate regression analyses at the country level, higher GDP per capita (p<0.001) and better medical research excellence (p<0.001) were associated with more EU funding, and a higher disease burden was associated with less EU funding (p=0.003). In the multiple regression analysis GDP per capita (p=0.002) and research excellence (p<0.001) had a significant positive association with EU funding. Population size had an inverted U-shaped relationship with EU funding for healthcare research, having the largest per capita funding in second and the third quartiles (p=0.03 and p=0.02).The uneven allocation of healthcare research funds across EU countries was influenced by GDP per capita, medical research excellence and population size. Wealthier countries with an average population size and strong research excellence in healthcare had more EU funding for healthcare research. Higher disease burden apparently was not associated with more EU research funding.

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Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Practices and Its Influenced Factor - Review OSH in Malaysia

International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials ◽

10.37869/ijatec.v1i3.36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 108-117

Author(s):

Dafit Feriyanto ◽

S.S. Abdulmalik ◽

Supaat Zakaria

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Influence Factor ◽

Safety Management ◽

Occupational Safety And Health ◽

Training Procedure ◽

Injury Management ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Safe Work ◽

Management Commitment ◽

And Training

High occupational accident in Malaysia as reported by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Malaysia shows the urgently applied a occupational safety and health (OSH) practices in workplaces. This study purposed to review the OSH practices in Malaysia and its influence factor. The factor of that influence to accident cases, good OSH practice and OSH system and framework as well as agencies that has authority with OSH was briefly explained. Factor that influence the accident was consists of stress and fatigue, unsafe act, machinery/tools, design of workplace and training procedure, factor that influenced to achieve good OSH practices was consists of training, safe work procedure, consultation, reporting safety, management commitment and injury management, several OSH agencies that has been developed in Malaysia such as NIOS, NCOSH, DOSH and SOCSO as program in the institution. Institution contribute an important factor due to in institution teach a fundamental of OSH that may applied in the workplaces.

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The Association of Country-Level Factors with Outcomes of COVID-19: Analysis of the pandemic after one million cases

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25834/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Omar S. Aldibasi ◽

Naif K. Alharbi ◽

Mohamed Alkelya ◽

Hosam Zowawi ◽

Suliman Alghnam

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Current Response ◽

Health Measures ◽

Country Level ◽

Per Capita

Abstract Background: Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic. Without a vaccine or an effective treatment in the near horizon, only public health measures have been effective in potentially reducing its impact. Due to the wide disparity in current response from individual countries, studying factors associated with public health measures may inform ongoing efforts. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the contributing factors across the globe with specific measures of the disease. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that used publicly available data of COVID-19 cases as of April 6, 2020. We analyzed country public information on demographic and socioeconomic indicators published in different sources. The association between country-level variables and the incidence rate, the recovery rate, severity of the cases, and mortality rate were evaluated using regression techniques. Results: Multiple factors were found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 outcomes. The number of tests per million, GDP per capita, a country population size of 2020, country median age, and life expectancy are associated with the incidence rate of COVID19. The yearly net change population, migrants, and tourism are associated with the recovery rate of COVID-19. The number of tests per million and male life expectancy are associated with the critical cases rate of COVID-19. Finally, the GDP per capita, land area (Km2), life expectancy, and tourism are associated with the mortality rate of COVID-19. Conclusion: Overall, higher GDP per capita, median age, and a higher number of lab tests were found to be associated with more incidents of COVID-19 cases, which indicates a better and maintained system for detection, reporting, and management of the pandemic. This study suggests that investing in better screening and testing may reveal more cases that can be managed and controlled; while limiting travelers would further support the pandemic control.

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