scholarly journals Self-Isolation and Quarantine during the UK’s First Wave of COVID-19. A Mixed-Methods Study of Non-Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7015
Author(s):  
Yolanda Eraso ◽  
Stephen Hills
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Convergent Design ◽  
Different Levels

Self-isolation and quarantine measures were introduced by the UK Government on 12 March 2020 as part of the ‘delay’ phase to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Non-adherence to self-isolation for 7 days after the development of symptoms is considered suboptimal and little is known about adherence to quarantine for 14 days if a co-habitant developed symptoms. This study aims to analyse non-adherence behaviours to self-isolation and quarantine measures by identifying their potential psycho-social and demographic predictors and by exploring people’s accounts of their experiences with these measures. A mixed-methods convergent design was used, comprising an online survey (n = 681) completed by residents in six North London boroughs and qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants (n = 16). Findings identified not accessing community support, lack of control over leaving the house, and lack of perceived benefit and need to follow the rules as behaviours associated with non-adherence to quarantine (42.7%). Non-adherence to self-isolating measures (24.4%) was associated with individuals’ perceived lack of control over responsibilities, lack of control over leaving the house, uncertainty about symptoms experienced, lack of access to tests, and distrust in the Government. Adherence to self-isolation and quarantine could be improved through strengthening perceived benefit to self-isolate with messages emphasising its effectiveness, by implementing a two-way information system to support symptoms identification, and with Government-funded, locally supported packages at different levels (financial, food, and practical needs).

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the UK: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048772
Author(s):  
Toby O Smith ◽  
Pippa Belderson ◽  
Jack R Dainty ◽  
Linda Birt ◽  
Karen Durrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures on people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) and to explore how people adapted to these measures over time.DesignMixed-methods investigation comprising a national online longitudinal survey and embedded qualitative study.SettingUK online survey and interviews with community-dwelling individuals in the East of England.ParticipantsPeople in the UK with RMDs were invited to participate in an online survey. A subsection of respondents were invited to participate in the embedded qualitative study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe online survey, completed fortnightly over 10 weeks from April 2020 to August 2020, investigated changes in symptoms, social isolation and loneliness, resilience and optimism. Qualitative interviews were undertaken assessing participant’s perspectives on changes in symptoms, exercising, managing instrumental tasks such a shopping, medication and treatment regimens and how they experienced changes in their social networks.Results703 people with RMDs completed the online survey. These people frequently reported a deterioration in symptoms as a result of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions (52% reported increase vs 6% reported a decrease). This was significantly worse for those aged 18–60 years compared with older participants (p=0.017). The qualitative findings from 26 individuals with RMDs suggest that the greatest change in daily life was experienced by those in employment. Although some retired people reported reduced opportunity for exercise outside their homes, they did not face the many competing demands experienced by employed people and people with children at home.ConclusionsPeople with RMDs reported a deterioration in symptoms when COVID-19 pandemic social restriction measures were enforced. This was worse for working-aged people. Consideration of this at-risk group, specifically for the promotion of physical activity, changing home-working practices and awareness of healthcare provision is important, as social restrictions continue in the UK.

scholarly journals Anxious and Angry: Emotional and Political Motives for Approving of and Complying with Hygiene Measures related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abadi ◽  
Irene Arnaldo ◽  
Agneta Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Infection Age ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The current COVID-19 pandemic elicits a vast amount of collective anxiety, which may also have broader societal and political implications. In the current study, we investigate the individual and social impact of this anxiety. We conducted an online survey in four different countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK; N=2031), examining whether anxiety about the Coronavirus leads to more approval of and compliance with hygiene measures deployed in those countries, and what role political beliefs play at this. We found significant differences between the four countries, with Spain marking highest anxiety as well as approval of and compliance with hygiene measures. Furthermore, three linear regressions showed that one’s anxiety is not only predicted by proximity to sources of infection (age, country, oneself or friends being infected), but also by political views (populist attitudes, anger at the government). Importantly, people who are anxious are also angry, at transgressors of hygiene rules or at their government. Thus, anger does not reduce one’s fear, but fear leads to more anger, especially in countries with the highest infection rates. Anxiety also leads to more approval of and compliance with hygiene measures, but again anger and political beliefs play a role in this relation. Whereas behavioral compliance is more predicted by fear and anger at others who transgress the rules, approval of the measures is better predicted by anxiety about the impact of Coronavirus and anger at the government.

Stress and family relationships among college student parents: A mixed methods study

2020 ◽  
pp. 026540752097519
Author(s):  
Aryn M. Dotterer ◽  
Audrey C. Juhasz ◽  
Kristin N. Murphy ◽  
SuJung Park ◽  
Lisa K. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
College Student ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Student Parents

College student parents represent a unique population because they are typically low-income, accrue more debt than traditional students, and must balance the role of student and parent. Using a mixed methods design, this study examined the relation between college student parents’ stress and distress in their relationships with their children and examined how parents managed their multiple roles. Parent participants ( n = 80; 54 mothers, 26 fathers; M age = 28.74 years, SD = 4.72) completed an online survey and a subsample ( n = 14) participated in semi-structured interviews. Results revealed that college student parents experience a variety of stressors that spillover into their relationships with their children and these associations appear more detrimental for father-child relationships. However, in-depth qualitative interviews not only highlighted the various sources of stress (e.g., time demands, multiple roles), but also revealed internal and external resources that college student parents draw on to help cope with stressors. Findings suggest that program efforts to strengthen the co-parenting relationship and to help college student parents more effectively manage their stress may be beneficial for improved parent-child relationships.

scholarly journals Students’ Motivation for Sport Activity and Participation in University Sports: A Mixed-Methods Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Anna Katharina Fuchs ◽  
Katharina Rathmann ◽  
Jennifer Hilger-Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Quantitative Results

Background. Physical activity among students is essential for complimenting sedentary behavior and for individuals’ future health. This study investigates reasons for sport engagement among students and addresses the utilization of university sports programs (USP) by employing a mixed-methods approach. Methods. The NuPhA-Study consists of a quantitative online survey (n=689) followed by qualitative interviews (n=20). In the survey, we assessed reasons for sport activity using a 24-item battery and USP utilization. Quantitative results were further explored using qualitative data to check for completeness of the predefined items (content validity) and to identify opportunities to improve participating in USP. Results. A factor analysis grouped the 24 items into five factors (life balance/fitness/body image/contact with others/fun). Our qualitative study explained these in more detail and revealed missing aspects. 47.6% of students participated in USP. Potential improvements for USP include program maintenance during the semester break and temporal harmonization with the classes. Discussion. The qualitative component identified additional reasons for sport activity that were not addressed by the item battery, which provides critical implications for developing item batteries for future research. Our results may help to generate a more target-group-oriented approach to increase physical activity among students, which will reduce sedentary behavior and future disease burden.

scholarly journals Mixed-methods evaluation of a novel online STI results service

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 622-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Gibbs ◽  
Catherine R H Aicken ◽  
Lorna J Sutcliffe ◽  
Voula Gkatzidou ◽  
Laura J Tickle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Mobile Telephone ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Chlamydia Screening ◽  
Test Results ◽  
And Control

ObjectivesEvidence on optimal methods for providing STI test results is lacking. We evaluated an online results service, developed as part of an eSexual Health Clinic (eSHC).MethodsWe evaluated the online results service using a mixed-methods approach within large exploratory studies of the eSHC. Participants were chlamydia- positive and negative users of online postal self-sampling services in six National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) areas and chlamydia-positive patients from two genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics between 21 July 2014 and 13 March 2015. Participants received a discreetly worded National Health Service ’NHS no-reply’ text message (SMS) informing them that their test results were ready and providing a weblink to a secure website. Participants logged in with their date of birth and mobile telephone or clinic number. Chlamydia-positive patients were offered online management. All interactions with the eSHC system were automatically logged and their timing recorded. Post-treatment, a service evaluation survey (n=152) and qualitative interviews (n=36) were conducted by telephone. Chlamydia-negative patients were offered a short online survey (n=274). Data were integrated.Results92% (134/146) of NCSP chlamydia-positive patients, 82% (161/197) of GUM chlamydia-positive patients and 89% (1776/1997) of NCSP chlamydia-negative participants accessed test results within 7 days. 91% of chlamydia-positive patients were happy with the results service; 64% of those who had tested previously found the results service better or much better than previous experiences. 90% of chlamydia-negative survey participants agreed they would be happy to receive results this way in the future. Interviewees described accessing results with ease and appreciated the privacy and control the two-step process gave them.ConclusionA discreet SMS to alert users/patients that results are available, followed by provision of results via a secure website, was highly acceptable, irrespective of test result and testing history. The eSHC results service afforded users privacy and control over when they viewed results without compromising access.

scholarly journals The Daily Mile in practice: implementation and adaptation of the school running programme in a multiethnic city in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e046655
Author(s):  
Ash Routen ◽  
Maria Gonzalez Aguado ◽  
Sophie O' Connell ◽  
Deirdre Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
School Context ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to generate new evidence on how The Daily Mile (TDM), a popular school-based running programme in the UK, is implemented in a diverse and multiethnic city in the UK and also the barriers faced by non-implementer schools.DesignMixed method cross-sectional study (including survey data collection and qualitative interviews).SettingPrimary schools in a multiethnic city in the East Midlands, UK.ParticipantsForty-two schools in Leicester city completed an online survey, and five teaching staff from five schools took part in follow-up semistructured qualitative interviews.ResultsOverall, 40.5% of schools who completed the survey reported having never implemented TDM, and 96.0% of implementer schools reported delivering TDM on three or more days per week. Reported barriers included space limitations and safety issues, timetabling and curriculum pressures, and pupil and teacher attitudes. Facilitators of implementation were teacher engagement and school culture/ethos, communication of the initiative and substantial delivery adaptations.ConclusionsThe findings from this study, based on data from schools in a multiethnic city in the UK, suggest that implementation of TDM is variable, and is influenced by a range of factors related to the school context, as well as the characteristics of TDM itself.

scholarly journals Vaccine Confidence and Hesitancy at the Start of COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment in the UK: An Embedded Mixed-Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrissy h. Roberts ◽  
Hannah Brindle ◽  
Nina T. Rogers ◽  
Rosalind M. Eggo ◽  
Luisa Enria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Vaccine Confidence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dominant Narratives

Background: Approval for the use of COVID-19 vaccines has been granted in a number of countries but there are concerns that vaccine uptake may be low amongst certain groups.Methods: This study used a mixed methods approach based on online survey and an embedded quantitative/qualitative design to explore perceptions and attitudes that were associated with intention to either accept or refuse offers of vaccination in different demographic groups during the early stages of the UK's mass COVID-19 vaccination programme (December 2020). Analysis used multivariate logistic regression, structural text modeling and anthropological assessments.Results: Of 4,535 respondents, 85% (n = 3,859) were willing to have a COVID-19 vaccine. The rapidity of vaccine development and uncertainties about safety were common reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. There was no evidence for the widespread influence of mis-information, although broader vaccine hesitancy was associated with intentions to refuse COVID-19 vaccines (OR 20.60, 95% CI 14.20–30.30, p < 0.001). Low levels of trust in the decision-making (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.08, 2.48, p = 0.021) and truthfulness (OR 8.76, 95% CI 4.15–19.90, p < 0.001) of the UK government were independently associated with higher odds of refusing COVID-19 vaccines. Compared to political centrists, conservatives and liberals were, respectively, more (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.51–2.80, p < 0.001) and less (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22–0.41, p < 0.001) likely to refuse offered vaccines. Those who were willing to be vaccinated cited both personal and public protection as reasons, with some alluding to having a sense of collective responsibility.Conclusion: Dominant narratives of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are misconceived as primarily being driven by misinformation. Key indicators of UK vaccine acceptance include prior behaviors, transparency of the scientific process of vaccine development, mistrust in science and leadership and individual political views. Vaccine programmes should leverage the sense of altruism, citizenship and collective responsibility that motivated many participants to get vaccinated.

scholarly journals Food shortages, stockpiling and panic buying ahead of Brexit as reported by the British media: a mixed methods content analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Coleman ◽  
Fatema Dhaif ◽  
Oyinlola Oyebode
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

Background: Government documents warn that if the UK and EU have not negotiated a trade deal by 31 December 2020 the UK could experience increased food prices and possible food shortages. The media have an important role in influencing recipients’ behaviour by promoting reassurance or anxiety on this issue. This study examines how food supply and demand, in the context of Brexit, has been portrayed by the British media.Methods: A mixed methods content analysis of articles reporting on food supply and demand in the context of Brexit, in three daily newspapers, between 01 January 2015 and 31 January 2020.Results: Five themes emerged: food shortages and panic buying (appearing in 96% of articles); food supply chain disruption (86%); economic impacts of Brexit (80%); preparation and stockpiling by the government and food sector (63%) and preparation and stockpiling by individuals (22%).Conclusion: Government messaging reported by the media sought to reassure the public that there will be no food shortages under a no-deal Brexit. These reassurances contradicted warnings from the food sector and leaked government reports of reduced availability of food items. These contradictory messages may have undermined trust in the government, potentially influencing stockpiling behaviour at the individual level.

scholarly journals Riding the Biotechnology Wave: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Malaysia's Emerging Biotechnology Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Melvyn Wei Ming Loh
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research

<p>Building a sustainable bioeconomy requires strategic alliances, intellectual property,funding and talent. The research focus of this empirical study was to assess Malaysian biotechnology companies regarding their opinions on priorities and capabilities necessary to establish a thriving bioeconomy. The research questions that form the basis of this paper explore the extent to which initial factor endowments affect the trajectory of biotechnology industry development and how Malaysia should prioritise, mobilise and coordinate resources to build a bioeconomy. A mixed methods approach using qualitative interviews and case studies, as well as a quantitative survey, indicated that respondents advocated a resource-based-view in terms of resource allocation and agglomeration towards building Malaysia's bioecnomy. That is, there was strong support to leverage Malaysia's existing capabilities in agriculture and biofuels to derive value-added products towards gaining leadership positions in these respective biotechnology sectors globally. Access to funding and talent emerged as the highest priority capabilities necessary for commercialising discoveries, conducting research and development and accelerating innovation. Respondents perceived the government as having a 'very important' role in building and accelerating the Malaysian biotechnology industry. The gap between required capabilities and strategic priorities provides a framework within which the government may play a central role in coordinate, accelerating and resourcing Malaysia's nascent bioeconomy.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring how paramedics are deployed in general practice and the perceived benefits and drawbacks: a mixed-methods scoping study

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101037
Author(s):  
Behnaz Schofield ◽  
Sarah Voss ◽  
Alyesha Proctor ◽  
Jonathan Benger ◽  
David Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundGeneral practice in the UK faces continuing challenges to balance a workforce shortage against rising demand. The NHS England GPForward View proposes development of the multidisciplinary, integrated primary care workforce to support frontline service delivery, including the employment of paramedics. However, very little is known about the safety, clinical effectiveness, or cost-effectiveness of paramedics working in general practice. Research is needed to understand the potential benefits and drawbacks of this model of workforce organisation.AimTo understand how paramedics are deployed in general practice, and to investigate the theories and drivers that underpin this service development.Design & settingA mixed-methods study using a literature review, national survey, and qualitative interviews.MethodA three-phase study was undertaken that consisted of: a literature review and survey; meetings with key informants (KIs); and direct enquiry with relevant staff stakeholders (SHs).ResultsThere is very little evidence on the safety and cost-effectiveness of paramedics working in general practice and significant variation in the ways that paramedics are deployed, particularly in terms of the patients seen and conditions treated. Nonetheless, there is a largely positive view of this development and a perceived reduction in GP workload. However, some concerns centre on the time needed from GPs to train and supervise paramedic staff.ConclusionThe contribution of paramedics in general practice has not been fully evaluated. There is a need for research that takes account of the substantial variation between service models to fully understand the benefits and consequences for patients, the workforce, and the NHS.

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