scholarly journals Populus euphratica JRL Mediates ABA Response, Ionic and ROS Homeostasis in Arabidopsis under Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Huilong Zhang ◽  
Chen Deng ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Yan-Li Zhang ◽  
Yi-Nan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Aba Response

Sodium chloride (NaCl) induced expression of a jacalin-related mannose-binding lectin (JRL) gene in leaves, roots, and callus cultures of Populus euphratica (salt-resistant poplar). To explore the mechanism of the PeJRL in salinity tolerance, the full length of PeJRL was cloned from P. euphratica and was transformed into Arabidopsis. PeJRL was localized to the cytoplasm in mesophyll cells. Overexpression of PeJRL in Arabidopsis significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants, in terms of seed germination, root growth, and electrolyte leakage during seedling establishment. Under NaCl stress, transgenic plants retained K+ and limited the accumulation of Na+. PeJRL-transgenic lines increased Na+ extrusion, which was associated with the upward regulation of SOS1, AHA1, and AHA2 genes encoding plasma membrane Na+/proton (H+) antiporter and H+-pumps. The activated H+-ATPases in PeJRL-overexpressed plants restricted the channel-mediated loss of K+ that was activated by NaCl-induced depolarization. Under salt stress, PeJRL–transgenic Arabidopsis maintained reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis by activating the antioxidant enzymes and reducing the production of O2− through downregulation of NADPH oxidases. Of note, the PeJRL-transgenic Arabidopsis repressed abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, thus reducing the ABA-elicited ROS production and the oxidative damage during the period of salt stress. A schematic model was proposed to show the mediation of PeJRL on ABA response, and ionic and ROS homeostasis under NaCl stress.

Lack of Salicylic Acid in Arabidopsis Protects Plants against Moderate Salt Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Li-Wei Xue ◽  
Jun-Bo Du ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Germination And Growth

Previous studies showed that salicylic acid (SA)-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the salicylate hydroxylase gene NahG had a higher tolerance to moderate salt stress. SA may potentiate the stress response of germination and growth of Arabidopsis seedlings by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the detailed mechanism for a better adaption of NahG plants to moderate salt stress is largely unknown. In the present study we found that a higher GSH/GSSG (glutathione/oxidized glutathione) ratio and ASA/DHA (ascorbic acid/dehydroascorbate) ratio in NahG plants during the stress may be the key reason for their stress-tolerance advantage. NahG plants actually could not produce more active antioxidant enzymes than the wild-type ones under natural conditions, but maintain higher activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) during the stress. Hereby, the reduced glutathione and reduced ascorbic acid contents are higher in NahG plants under salt stress. However, NahG plants do not adapt better under severe salt stress. All antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH/GSSG ratio and ASA/DHA ratio declined substantively at 400 mM NaCl stress in both NahG and wild-type seedlings.

CaLEA 73 gene from Capsicum annuum L. enhances drought and osmotic tolerance modulating transpiration rate in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Acosta-García ◽  
Angela M. Chapa-Oliver ◽  
Jesus R. Millán-Almaraz ◽  
Ramón G. Guevara-González ◽  
Elvira Cortez-Baheza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Osmotic Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Acosta-García, G., Chapa-Oliver, A. M., Millán-Almaraz, J. R., Guevara-González, R. G., Cortez-Baheza, E., Rangel-Cano, R. M., Ramírez-Pimentel, J. G., Cruz-Hernandez, A., Gueara-Olvera, L., Aguilera-Bibian, J. E., Hernández-Salazar, M. and Torres-Pacheco, I. 2015. CaLEA 73 gene from Capsicum annuum L. enhances drought and osmotic tolerance modulating transpiration rate in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 227–235. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are an important group of proteins related to the protection of several kinds of abiotic stresses in plants. A LEA gene was cloned from Capsicum annuum seeds and named CaLEA73. This gene was expressed in C. annuum plants during several phenological stages as well as in cold stress and exogen ABA applications. The CaLEA73 gene was ectopically expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants in order to analyse its role under drought and salt stress. Our results displayed an increase in tolerance to drought and osmotic, but not under salt stress in the transgenic lines evaluated. Interestingly, proline levels in transgenic lines were not higher than azygous control plants, when the drought stress was evaluated. Transpiration levels in transgenic plants were lower than control, suggesting an improvement in water efficiency use in CaLEA73 transgenic lines. The stomatal density and index were significantly minor in transgenic plants in comparison to azygous control, likely indicating a reason of the minor transpiration in transgenic plants. Our results are discussed in the context of drought stress physiology aspects for crop improvement.

NaCl-altered oxygen flux profiles and H+-ATPase activity in roots of two contrasting poplar species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Ma ◽  
Jinke Li ◽  
Chen Deng ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Proton Pumps ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Transient Kinetics ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis

Abstract Maintaining mitochondrial respiration is crucial for proving ATP for H+ pumps to continuously exclude Na+ under salt stress. NaCl-altered O2 uptake, mitochondrial respiration, and the relevance to H+-ATPase activity were investigated in two contrasting poplar species, Populus euphratica (salt-tolerant) and P. popularis 35–44 (salt-sensitive). Compared with P. popularis, P. euphratica roots exhibited a greater capacity to extrude Na+ under NaCl stress (150 mM). The cytochemical analysis with Pb(NO3)2 staining revealed that P. euphratica root cells retained higher H+ hydrolysis activity than the salt-sensitive poplar during a long-term (LT) of increasing salt stress (50 to 200 mM NaCl, 4 weeks). Long-sustained activation of proton pumps require long-lasting supply of energy (ATP), delivered by aerobic respiration. Taking advantage of the vibrating-electrodes technology combined with the use of membrane-tipped, polarographic oxygen microelectrodes, the species, spatial, and temporal differences in root O2 uptake were characterized under conditions of salt stress. Oxygen uptake upon NaCl shock (150 mM) was less declined in P. euphratica than in P. popularis, although the salt-induced transient kinetics were distinct from the drastic drop of O2 caused by hyperosmotic shock (255 mM mannitol). Short-term (ST) treatment (150 mM NaCl, 24 h) stimulated O2 influx in P. euphratica roots, and LT-treated P. euphratica displayed an increased O2 influx along root axis, whereas O2 influx declined with increasing salinity in P. popularis roots. The spatial localization of O2 influxes revealed that the apical zone was more susceptible than elongation region upon high NaCl (150, 200 mM) during ST and LT stress. Pharmacological experiments showed that the Na+ extrusion and H+-ATPase activity in salinized roots were correspondingly suppressed when O2 uptake was inhibited by a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, NaN3. Therefore, we conclude that the stable mitochondrial respiration energized H+-ATPase of P. euphratica root cells for maintaining Na+ homeostasis under salt environments.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the Wild Soybean R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor GsMYB15 Enhances Resistance to Salt Stress and Helicoverpa Armigera in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Jie Shen ◽  
Yan-Yan Wang ◽  
Yong-Xing Zhang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yong-Qing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Plant R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to play crucial roles in the response to diverse abiotic and biotic stress factors but there is little molecular evidence of this role in soybean plants. In this work, we identified and functionally characterized an R2R3-MYB TF, namely, GsMYB15, from the wild soybean ED059. Protein and promoter sequence analysis indicated that GsMYB15 is a typical R2R3-MYB TF and contains multiple stress-related cis-elements in the promoter region. GsMYB15 is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. QPCR assays suggested that the expression of GsMYB15 could be induced by NaCl, insect attacks and defense-related hormones (MeJA and SA). Furthermore, GsMYB15 exhibited highest expression in pods compared to other tissues. Functional analysis of GsMYB15 demonstrated that overexpression of GsMYB15 could increase salt tolerance and enhance the resistance to H. armigera larvae in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, overexpression of GsMYB15 also affected the expression levels of salt stress- and defense-related genes in the transgenic plants. Feeding with transgenic Arabidopsis plant leaves could significantly suppress the expression levels of immunity-related genes in H. armigera larvae. Overexpression of GsMYB15 also increased mesophyll cell levels in transgenic plants. Taken together, these results provide evidence that GsMYB15 is a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance and insect resistance in transformed Arabidopsis plants.

scholarly journals Functional Study of BpPP2C1 Revealed Its Role in Salt Stress in Betula platyphylla

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyue Xing ◽  
Chenrui Gu ◽  
Tianxu Zhang ◽  
Qingzhu Zhang ◽  
Qibin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

PP2C protein phosphatase family is one of the largest gene families in the plant genome. Many PP2C family members are involved in the regulation of abiotic stress. We found that BpPP2C1 gene has highly up-regulated in root under salt stress in Betula platyphylla. Thus, transgenic plants of Betula platyphylla with overexpression and knockout of BpPP2C1 gene were generated using a zygote transformation system. Under NaCl stress treatment, we measured the phenotypic traits of transgenic plants, chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We found that BpPP2C1 overexpressed lines showed obvious salt tolerance, while BpPP2C1 knocked out plants were sensitive to salt stress. Transcriptome analysis identified significantly amount of differentially expressed genes associated with salt stress in BpPP2C1 transgenic lines, especially genes in abscisic acid signaling pathway, flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, oxidative stress and anion transport. Functional study of BpPP2C1 in Betula platyphylla revealed its role in salt stress.

scholarly journals Tartary Buckwheat Transcription Factor FtbZIP5, Regulated by FtSnRK2.6, Can Improve Salt/Drought Resistance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Haixia Zhao ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Jingyue Kang ◽  
Bingbing Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Drought And Salt Stress

bZIP transcription factors have been reported to be involved in many different biological processes in plants. The ABA (abscisic acid)-dependent AREB/ABF-SnRK2 pathway has been shown to play a key role in the response to osmotic stress in model plants. In this study, a novel bZIP gene, FtbZIP5, was isolated from tartary buckwheat, and its role in the response to drought and salt stress was characterized by transgenic Arabidopsis. We found that FtbZIP5 has transcriptional activation activity, which is located in the nucleus and specifically binds to ABRE elements. It can be induced by exposure to PEG6000, salt and ABA in tartary buckwheat. The ectopic expression of FtbZIP5 reduced the sensitivity of transgenic plants to drought and high salt levels and reduced the oxidative damage in plants by regulating the antioxidant system at a physiological level. In addition, we found that, under drought and salt stress, the expression levels of several ABA-dependent stress response genes (RD29A, RD29B, RAB18, RD26, RD20 and COR15) in the transgenic plants increased significantly compared with their expression levels in the wild type plants. Ectopic expression of FtbZIP5 in Arabidopsis can partially complement the function of the ABA-insensitive mutant abi5-1 (abscisic acid-insensitive 5-1). Moreover, we screened FtSnRK2.6, which might phosphorylate FtbZIP5, in a yeast two-hybrid experiment. Taken together, these results suggest that FtbZIP5, as a positive regulator, mediates plant tolerance to salt and drought through ABA-dependent signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Degradation of trinitrotoluene by transgenic nitroreductase in Arabidopsis plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Bo ◽  
Han Hongjuan ◽  
Fu Xiaoyan ◽  
Li Zhenjun ◽  
Gao Jianjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Human Carcinogen ◽  
Specific Rate Constant ◽  
Nitroreductase Activity

The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant. TNT is toxic to many organisms, it is known to be a potential human carcinogen, and is persistent in the environment. This study presents a system of phytoremediation by Arabidopsis plants developed on the basis of overexpression of NAD(P)H-flavin nitroreductase (NFSB) from the Sulfurimonas denitrificans DSM1251. The resulting transgenic Arabidopsis plants demonstrated significantly enhanced TNT tolerance and a strikingly higher capacity to remove TNT from their media. The highest specific rate constant of TNT disappearance rate was 1.219 and 2.297 mL/g fresh weight/h for wild type and transgenic plants, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitroreductase activity in transgenic plant was higher than wild type plant. All this indicates that transgenic plants show significantly enhanced tolerances to TNT; transgenic plants also exhibit strikingly higher capabilities of removing TNT from their media and high efficiencies of transformation.

scholarly journals Thiourea and hydrogen peroxide priming improved K+ retention and source-sink relationship for mitigating salt stress in rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Pandey ◽  
Radha Krishna Paladi ◽  
Ashish Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Penna Suprasanna
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Redox Environment ◽  
Source Sink

AbstractPlant bioregulators (PBRs) represent low-cost chemicals for boosting plant defense, especially under stress conditions. In the present study, redox based PBRs such as thiourea (TU; a non-physiological thiol-based ROS scavenger) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a prevalent biological ROS) were assessed for their ability to mitigate NaCl stress in rice variety IR 64. Despite their contrasting redox chemistry, TU or H2O2 supplementation under NaCl [NaCl + TU (NT) or NaCl + H2O2 (NH)] generated a reducing redox environment in planta, which improved the plant growth compared with those of NaCl alone treatment. This was concomitant with better K+ retention and upregulated expression of NaCl defense related genes including HAK21, LEA1, TSPO and EN20 in both NT and NH treated seedlings. Under field conditions, foliar applications of TU and H2O2, at vegetative growth, pre-flowering and grain filling stages, increased growth and yield attributes under both control and NaCl stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed glutathione reductase dependent reduced ROS accumulation in source (flag leaves) and sucrose synthase mediated sucrose catabolism in sink (developing inflorescence), as the key variables associated with NT and NH mediated effects, respectively. In addition, photosystem-II efficiency, K+ retention and source-sink relationship were also improved in TU and H2O2 treated plants. Taken together, our study highlights that reducing redox environment acts as a central regulator of plant’s tolerance responses to salt stress. In addition, TU and H2O2 are proposed as potential redox-based PBRs for boosting rice productivity under the realistic field conditions.

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