scholarly journals Enhanced Expression of QTL qLL9/DEP1 Facilitates the Improvement of Leaf Morphology and Grain Yield in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Fu ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Mengyu Zhou ◽  
Minmin Chen ◽  
Lan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Introgressed Segment

In molecular breeding of super rice, it is essential to isolate the best quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes of leaf shape and explore yield potential using large germplasm collections and genetic populations. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used, which was derived from a cross between the following parental lines: hybrid rice Chunyou84, that is, japonica maintainer line Chunjiang16B (CJ16); and indica restorer line Chunhui 84 (C84) with remarkable leaf morphological differences. QTLs mapping of leaf shape traits was analyzed at the heading stage under different environmental conditions in Hainan (HN) and Hangzhou (HZ). A major QTL qLL9 for leaf length was detected and its function was studied using a population derived from a single residual heterozygote (RH), which was identified in the original population. qLL9 was delimitated to a 16.17 kb region flanked by molecular markers C-1640 and C-1642, which contained three open reading frames (ORFs). We found that the candidate gene for qLL9 is allelic to DEP1 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), sequence comparison, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing techniques. To identify the effect of qLL9 on yield, leaf shape and grain traits were measured in near isogenic lines (NILs) NIL-qLL9CJ16 and NIL-qLL9C84, as well as a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) CSSL-qLL9KASA with a Kasalath introgressed segment covering qLL9 in the Wuyunjing (WYJ) 7 backgrounds. Our results showed that the flag leaf lengths of NIL-qLL9C84 and CSSL-qLL9KASA were significantly different from those of NIL-qLL9CJ16 and WYJ 7, respectively. Compared with NIL-qLL9CJ16, the spike length, grain size, and thousand-grain weight of NIL-qLL9C84 were significantly higher, resulting in a significant increase in yield of 15.08%. Exploring and pyramiding beneficial genes resembling qLL9C84 for super rice breeding could increase both the source (e.g., leaf length and leaf area) and the sink (e.g., yield traits). This study provides a foundation for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the source–sink balance and high-yield potential of rice, benefiting high-yield molecular design breeding for global food security.

The physiological genetic effects of 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome in "stay green" wheat cultivar CN17

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Luo ◽  
H. Y. Zhang ◽  
K. Shu ◽  
X. H. Wu ◽  
H. Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
High Yield Potential

Rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome arm 1RS in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genetic background has potential significance for yield improvement without affecting its resistance to several diseases. A new wheat cultivar, Chuannong17 (CN17), carrying the wheat-rye 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome, exhibited “stay green” phenotypes. To determine the genetic behavior and physiological effect, MY11, CN17, BC1F1, and F2 populations of MY11/CN17 were grown in the normal wheat growing seasons in 2004–2005 and 2005–2006. Analysis of photosynthetic parameters showed that the coordinate increase of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and flag leaf area duration from anthesis to maturation (D2) would be the physiological basis of the high yield potential of the 1BL/1RS translocation (CN17). The analysis for morphological indices proposed that the smaller leaf length (Ll), flag leaf width (Lw) and angle between stem and flag leaf (A) would be responsible for the morphological basis of the high yield potential. Analysis of the relationship between the yield and physiological indices suggested that the coordinate increase of source, the partitioning of assimilate from source to sink, and the sink strength was the material basis of the high yield potential. These results afforded some persuasive evidence to support the idea that wheat cultivar CN17 also shows a coordinate relationship between physiology and morphology and is indeed functionally a “stay green” cultivar. The results show that exploitation of a foreign chromosome or chromosome arm such as 1RS to develop “stay green” genotype cultivars in wheat breeding has the potential to increase yields. Key words: 1BL/1RS translocated chromosome, photosynthesis, physiological genetic effect, stay green, wheat

Influence of agronomic practices on canopy microclimate and septoria development in no-till winter wheat produced in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Tompkins ◽  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Fertility

In areas with favourable growing conditions, high seeding rates (SRs), narrow row spacings (RSs) and nitrogen fertilization (N) are required before high yield potentials of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are realized. Changes in these variables produce changes in crop-canopy microclimate that may influence the development of foliar pathogens. This study examined the relative differences in crop-canopy microclimates due to different RS and SR combinations and determined the effect of SR, RS and N fertility on septoria (Septoria nodorum Berk. and Septoria tritici Rob. ex Desm.) development on normal height and semi-dwarf cultivars grown under no-till in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan. The daily mean value for solar radiation penetrating to the base of the crop canopy was 1100 μmol m−2 s−1 for 36-cm RS. This was 30% higher than the 845 μmol m−2 s−1 observed for 9-cm RS. The increased light interception by the canopy was associated with higher dry matter production and grain yield. During peak periods, wind speed was 56% higher within the 36-cm RS canopy than within the 9-cm RS canopy. Increased duration of leaf wetness was associated with 9-cm RS and 140-kg-ha−1 SR treatment. Cooler air temperature and higher RH within the canopy occurred for the 9-cm RS – 140-kg-ha−1 SR treatment. Differences in air temperature and RH between the 9-cm RS – 140-kg-ha−1 SR and the 36-cm RS – 35-kg-ha−1 SR treatments were smaller at night and greater during the day. The maximum differences occurred at mid-morning and mid-afternoon, when the 9-cm RS – 140-kg-ha−1 SR canopy was 1.5 °C cooler and had a 4.5% higher RH than the 36-cm RS – 35-kg-ha−1 SR canopy. Septoria severity increased when SR increased from 35 kg ha−1 to 140 kg ha−1. Septoria severity was not influenced by RS. Septoria severity was greater on the flag leaf of the semi-dwarf cultivar Norwin than on the tall cultivar Norstar. Increased N fertility reduced septoria severity in one trial. These observations demonstrated that, in addition to the influence on yield potential, high SR and narrow RS produce a canopy microclimate that is favourable for the development of septoria. Key words: Seed rate, row spacing, N fertility, Septoria sp., Triticum aestivum, canopy microclimate

scholarly journals Karakteristik dan Potensi Produksi Pati Varietas Sagu Bestari [Characteristics and Starch Production Potential of Sago Bestari Variety]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Hengky Novarianto ◽  
Ismail Maskromo ◽  
Meity A Tulalo ◽  
Elsje T Tenda ◽  
Jeanette Kumaunang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Starch Production

<p>Sago development requires plant material as superior seedlings for rehabilitation and replanting. Until 2016 two superior sago varieties were released, namely Molat sago varieties from Maluku in 2011 and Selatpanjang Meranti sago varieties from the Meranti Islands Regency, Riau in 2013. Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province is one of the areas of natural sago growth, and producing sago starch . This district has the opportunity to develop sago palms as a potential and regional producer. In connection with that, a research has been conducted which aims to find out and obtain superior sago species from Indragiri Hilir Regency, from 2015 to 2017. The research method was conducted by observing the sago population with high yield potential. For the observation, 10 sample trees every year were selected in each location/village in Gaung Anak Serka District, Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Data observations were carried out on the morphological characteristics of sago and suckers, sago starch production potential, and proximate analysis. Observation data were analyzed for diversity, standard deviation and coefficient of variance. Morphological observations and production of Bestari sago starch obtained an average leaf length of 8.00 m, diameter of the diameter of bottom stem 47.37 cm, circumference of the bottom stem 148.52 cm, the number of leaf scars on the leaf-free stem 53.23 scars, the number leaves on the crown 16.98 strands, the distance of leaf scar 12.42 cm, the length of the petiole 231.00 cm, the width of the petiole 9.25 cm, the thickness of the petiole 3.93 cm, the length of the rachis 660.33 cm, the length of the leaflets 155.59 cm, leaflets width 9.39 cm, and dry starch yield 254.94 kg per palm. Proximate analysis results on Bestari sago starch obtained an average water content of 13.00%, ash content of 0.60%, fat content of 0.83%, protein content of 0.84%, crude fiber content of 0.29%, and carbohydrate content was 84.34%, with 350 calories, Vitamin C 0.96 mg/100 gr sago starch, and total sugar around 1.43%. Hoping that sago Bestari variety will become the suckers resources for sago development in Indragiri Hilir Region, Riau Province and other region of Indonesia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p>Pengembangan sagu membutuhkan bahan tanaman sebagai bibit unggul untuk rehabilitasi dan penanaman kembali. Sampai tahun 2016 telah dilepas dua varietas sagu unggul, yaitu varietas sagu Molat asal Maluku tahun 2011 dan varietas sagu Selatpanjang Meranti asal Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Riau tahun 2013. Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau adalah salah satu daerah pertumbuhan sagu alami dan penghasil pati sagu. Kabupaten ini memiliki peluang untuk dikembangkan tanaman sagu sebagai potensi dan penghasilan daerah. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendapatkan jenis sagu unggul asal Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, sejak tahun 2015 sampai tahun 2017. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi terhadap populasi sagu potensi hasil tinggi. Untuk pengamatan telah dipilih sebanyak 10 pohon contoh setiap tahun di setiap lokasi/Desa di Kecamatan Gaung Anak Serka, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Pengamatan data dilakukan terhadap karakteristik morfologi tanaman sagu dan anakan, potensi produksi pati sagu, dan analisis proksimat. Data pengamatan dianalisis keragaman, simpangan baku dan koefisien keragamannya. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan produksi pati sagu Bestari diperoleh rata-rata panjang bebas daun 8,00 m, diameter batang bawah 47,37 cm, lingkar batang bawah 148,52 cm, jumlah bekas pelepah daun pada batang bebas daun 53,23 buah, jumlah daun pada mahkota 16,98 helai, jarak antar pelepah 12,42 cm, panjang pelepah 231,00 cm,lebar pelepah 9,25 cm, tebal pelepah 3,93 cm, panjang daun 660,33 cm, panjang anak daun 155,59 cm, lebar anak daun 9,39 cm, dan produksi pati kering 254,94 kg per pohon. Hasil analisis proksimat pada pati sagu Bestari diperoleh rata-rata kadar air 13,00%, kadar abu 0,60%, kadar lemak 0,83%, kadar protein 0,84%, kandungan serat kasar 0,29%, dan kadar karbohidrat adalah 84,34%, dengan 350 kalori, Vitamin C 0,96 mg/100 gr pati sagu, dan total gula sekitar 1,43%. Diharapkan varietas sagu Bestari menjadi sumber benih untuk pengembangan sagu di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Riau dan daerah Indonesia lainnya</p>

scholarly journals Performance of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under Water Shortage and High Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-628
Author(s):  
MOHAMED A.A.E. ◽  
SAJID FIAZ ◽  
XIUKANG WANG ◽  
MOHSIN ALI ◽  
NOSHI PARVEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Leaf Angle

Water shortage and heat are the most devastating abiotic stresses threating global food security. To understand the behavior of germplasm under both abiotic stresses, thirteen rice genotypes were selected for the study to make evaluation under water shortage and heat stress condition. The results showed that the year mean squares were significant and highly significant for all agronomical traits except, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant-1, number of panicles plant-1, 100 grain weight, grain yield plant-1 and harvest index indicated overall wide differences of weather during both years. Environments mean squares were found to be highly significant over all traits were used, indicating that all environments showed significant differences. The highly significant differences were observed among genotypes and G x E interaction for all characteristics except, panicle length. Concerning the cultivars performance across three environments, the cultivars Giza 178, Giza 179, Sakha 107, Hybrid 1, Hybrid 2 gave the best desirable values over normal, drought and heat stress conditions so, these cultivars are considered to play vital role in breeding program to enhancement for drought and heat stresses and have high yield potential. The highly significant and positive correlation were found among the all traits under investigation except with flag leaf angle, leaf rolling and sterility percentage. The results will further help to utilize the genotypes for further crop improvement breeding programs.

scholarly journals Fenologi, Morfologi, dan Hasil Empat Aksesi Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Raden Enen Rindi Manggung ◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
Dan Satriyas Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Testa Color ◽  
High Yield Potential

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Characterization and evaluation of genetic potential of bambara groundnut accessions is very important in order to obtain accessions with high yield potential and early maturity. The objective of this research was to study the phenology, morphology, and yield of four bambara groundnut accessions. This experiment was conducted using a randomized completely block design with one factor i.e. origin of accessions (Bogor and Sukabumi black testa, Sumedang black and brown testa). The results showed that days to seedling emergence of Sumedang brown testa were 9.7 days after sowing (DAS), three other accessions ranged from 8.0 to 8.3 DAS. Days to 75% flowering of Sumedang brown testa was 45.3 days, the other three accessions ranged from 46.0 to 46.7 DAS. Days to pod formation of Bogor and Sumedang accessions with black testa were 49 DAS, Sumedang brown testa at 50 DAS, and Sukabumi accession at 54 DAS. Physiological seed maturity of Bogor and Sukabumi accessions at 112 DAS, Sumedang brown testa at 116 DAS and black testa at 128 DAS. Morphological variation of four bambara groundnut accessions included color of plumule, petiole, seed coat (testa), and leaf shape. Accessions of Sukabumi and Bogor black testa were potential to be developed further because of its showing higher number and weight of pods, and earlier maturity compared to those of Sumedang accessions with black and brown testa.<br /><br />Keywords: early maturity, leaf shape, pod, seedling emergence, testa color

scholarly journals Expressiness of the Main Characters of a New Genotype of White Kidney Bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ion GHERASE ◽  
Elena BARCANU ◽  
Costel VÎNĂTORU ◽  
Ovidia AGAPIE-DOBRE ◽  
Bianca TĂNASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
New Genotype

Currently, in Romania there are just a few autochthonous white kidney bean varieties and this is the main reason why Vegetable Research Development Station (VRDS) Buzau has chosen a breeding program for this species. The aim of this study was to assess the main quantitative characteristic of a new cultivar of kidney beans, ‘Doina’. The correlation matrix showed a strong relationship between plant height and bush diameter and also with leaf length and a negative correlation between plant height and pods mass per plant. The cultivar has a yield potential of over 3000 kg/ha and a compact maturation of the pods, being suitable for mechanized harvesting. An important feature is plant hardiness, due to local genetic resources used in the breeding program. During the research it was found that the variety has a distinct phenotypic expressiveness with a high yield and quality potential.

Penilaian Prestasi Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Varieti Padi Terpilih di Seberang Perai

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul Amri Saidon ◽  
Shajarutulwardah Mohd. Yusob ◽  
Allicia Jack ◽  
Mohd. Fitri Masarrudin ◽  
Zainudin P. M. D. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
High Yield Potential

The research was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai research plot during main-season 2011/2012 and off-season 2012. Varieties such as MR 272, MR 278, MR 283 and MR 284 showed high yield potential as compared to the control varieties namely MR 211, MR 219, MR 253 and MR 263. According to correlation analysis, traits such as flag leaf width (r = 0.36, p = 0.01), percentage filled grain (r = 0.43, p = 0.002) and spikelets number/panicle (r = -0.43, p = 0.002) showed association toward yield potential. As a result, high rate of photosynthesis is depend to high leaf surface area. In addition, low number of spikelets /panicle can enhance the grain filling. 

scholarly journals Transferring diversity of goat grass to farmers’ fields through the development of synthetic hexaploid wheat

Food Security ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1033
Author(s):  
Hafid Aberkane ◽  
Thomas Payne ◽  
Masahiro Kishi ◽  
Melinda Smale ◽  
Ahmed Amri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid

Abstract Genetic variation in wheat is needed to address global food security challenges, particularly as climates change. Crop wild relatives are unique reservoirs of useful alleles for crop improvement and are important components of genebank collections. We analyzed how the derivatives of ‘goat grass’ (Aegilops tauschii) have been used to widen the genetic base for wheat breeding and surveyed wheat breeders to elicit adoption estimates. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) is derived by crossing goat grass with durum wheat, serving as a bridge to transfer desirable traits into modern varieties of bread wheat. Our data show that wheat scientists used 629 unique accessions from 15 countries for pre-breeding, producing 1577 primary SHWs. These derivatives represented 21% of the germplasm distributed by the genebank of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center between 2000 and 2018. Over the period, more than 10,000 samples of SHW were sent to 110 institutions in 40 countries, with rising numbers of synthetic hexaploid-derived lines (SHDL) included in international nurseries. Lines were screened for major diseases of wheat. At least 86 varieties have been selected from SHDL and released in 20 countries. Survey estimates indicate the highest scale of adoption in southwest China and India, with 34% and 7% of reported wheat area, respectively. These varieties demonstrate resistance to pests and pathogens, high yield potential, good quality attributes, and suitability for biofortified wheat.

FloRunTM ‘331’ Peanut Variety

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Central Stem ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Yield Potential

FloRunTM ‘331’ peanut variety was developed by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center near Marianna, Florida.  It was released in 2016 because it combines high yield potential with excellent disease tolerance. FloRunTM ‘331’ has a typical runner growth habit with a semi-prominent central stem and medium green foliage.  It has medium runner seed size with high oleic oil chemistry.

Thermodynamics of the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 and the receptor of human angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Effects of possible ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcia-Iriepa ◽  
Cecilia Hognon ◽  
Antonio Francés-Monerris ◽  
Isabel Iriepa ◽  
Tom Miclot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Rational Molecular Design ◽  
Rational Evaluation

<div><p>Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 180,000 deaths all over the world, still lacking a medical treatment despite the concerns of the whole scientific community. Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently recognized as the transmembrane protein serving as SARS-CoV-2 entry point into cells, thus constituting the first biomolecular event leading to COVID-19 disease. Here, by means of a state-of-the-art computational approach, we propose a rational evaluation of the molecular mechanisms behind the formation of the complex and of the effects of possible ligands. Moreover, binding free energy between ACE2 and the active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is evaluated quantitatively, assessing the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the recognition and the ligand-induced decreased affinity. These results boost the knowledge on the molecular grounds of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and allow to suggest rationales useful for the subsequent rational molecular design to treat severe COVID-19 cases.</p></div>

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