scholarly journals Overexpression of Transglutaminase from Cucumber in Tobacco Increases Salt Tolerance through Regulation of Photosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhong ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yuemei Zhang ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
D1 And D2 Proteins ◽  
Regulation Of Photosynthesis

Transglutaminase (TGase) is a regulator of posttranslational modification of protein that provides physiological protection against diverse environmental stresses in plants. Nonetheless, the mechanisms of TGase-mediated salt tolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the transcription of cucumber TGase (CsTGase) was induced in response to light and during leaf development, and the CsTGase protein was expressed in the chloroplast and the cell wall. The overexpression of the CsTGase gene effectively ameliorated salt-induced photoinhibition in tobacco plants, increased the levels of chloroplast polyamines (PAs) and enhanced the abundance of D1 and D2 proteins. TGase also induced the expression of photosynthesis related genes and remodeling of thylakoids under normal conditions. However, salt stress treatment reduced the photosynthesis rate, PSII and PSI related genes expression, D1 and D2 proteins in wild-type (WT) plants, while these effects were alleviated in CsTGase overexpression plants. Taken together, our results indicate that TGase-dependent PA signaling protects the proteins of thylakoids, which plays a critical role in plant response to salt stress. Thus, overexpression of TGase may be an effective strategy for enhancing resistance to salt stress of salt-sensitive crops in agricultural production.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Gs5PTase8, a Soybean Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Song Sun ◽  
Defeng Kong ◽  
Junliang Song ◽  
Lumei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Wild Type

Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) function in inositol signaling by regulating the catabolism of phosphoinositol derivatives. Previous reports showed that 5PTases play a critical role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, we identified a novel 5PTase gene, Gs5PTase8, from the salt-tolerance locus of chromosome 3 in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Gs5PTase8 is highly up-regulated under salt treatment. It is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane with a strong signal in the apoplast. Ectopic expression of Gs5PTase8 significantly increased salt tolerance in transgenic BY-2 cells, soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis, suggesting Gs5PTase8 could increase salt tolerance in plants. The overexpression of Gs5PTase8 significantly enhanced the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under salt stress. The seeds of Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis germinated earlier than the wild type under abscisic acid treatment, indicating Gs5PTase8 would alter ABA sensitivity. Besides, transcriptional analyses showed that the stress-responsive genes, AtRD22, AtRD29A and AtRD29B, were induced with a higher level in the Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis plants than in the wild type under salt stress. These results reveal that Gs5PTase8 play a positive role in salt tolerance and might be a candidate gene for improving soybean adaptation to salt stress.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Novel ROP Gene from the Banana (MaROP5g) Confers Increased Salt Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Miao ◽  
Peiguang Sun ◽  
Juhua Liu ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Biyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Primary Roots

Rho-like GTPases from plants (ROPs) are plant-specific molecular switches that are crucial for plant survival when subjected to abiotic stress. We identified and characterized 17 novel ROP proteins from Musa acuminata (MaROPs) using genomic techniques. The identified MaROPs fell into three of the four previously described ROP groups (Groups II–IV), with MaROPs in each group having similar genetic structures and conserved motifs. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that the two banana genotypes tested, Fen Jiao and BaXi Jiao, had similar responses to abiotic stress: Six genes (MaROP-3b, -5a, -5c, -5f, -5g, and -6) were highly expressed in response to cold, salt, and drought stress conditions in both genotypes. Of these, MaROP5g was most highly expressed in response to salt stress. Co-localization experiments showed that the MaROP5g protein was localized at the plasma membrane. When subjected to salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MaROP5g had longer primary roots and increased survival rates compared to wild-type A. thaliana. The increased salt tolerance conferred by MaROP5g might be related to reduced membrane injury and the increased cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio and Ca2+ concentration in the transgenic plants as compared to wild-type. The increased expression of salt overly sensitive (SOS)-pathway genes and calcium-signaling pathway genes in MaROP5g-overexpressing A. thaliana reflected the enhanced tolerance to salt stress by the transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type. Collectively, our results suggested that abiotic stress tolerance in banana plants might be regulated by multiple MaROPs, and that MaROP5g might enhance salt tolerance by increasing root length, improving membrane injury and ion distribution.

scholarly journals The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Yousefirad ◽  
Hassan Soltanloo ◽  
Sayad Sanaz Ramezanpour ◽  
Khalil Zaynalinezhad ◽  
Vahid Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms of salinity tolerance, the use of isogenic lines or mutants that have the same genetic background but show different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method to reduce the analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the current study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line “73-M4-30” and its wild-type “Zarjou” cultivar at a seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP2/ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed in several time points using qRT-PCR of some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant compared to its wild-type via fast stomach closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress, saved more sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot, and increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K+]/­[Na+] in the shoot. Moreover, it caused a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in the use of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes, which was probably due to the more accumulation of H2O2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals lead to less oxidative scavenging than the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to retain the ion homeostasis. Totally, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both the osmotic and the ionic stress phases. Less damage was observed in the mutant compared to its wild-type under the salt stress.

scholarly journals Functional Characteristics of The Stelar K+ Outward Rectifying Channel (EeSKOR) Gene in Elytrigia Elongata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Tian ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Peichun Mao ◽  
Mingli Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

Abstract As an important nutrient, K+ plays a crucial role in plant stress resistance. It has been reported that the stelar K+ outward rectifying channel (SKOR) is involved in loading K+ into the xylem for its transport from roots to shoots. Elytrigia elongata is a perennial, sparsely distributed, rhizome-type herbaceous plant belonging to the wheatgrass family; it has high salt tolerance. Here, we isolated EeSKOR from decaploid E. elongata and investigated its function in transgenic tobacco. The results showed that EeSKOR was mainly expressed in the roots and was up-regulated with increasing salinity and drought intensity. Overexpression of EeSKOR in plants exposed to salt stress enhanced growth performance, increased SOD activity and chlorophyll content, significantly reduced H2O2 and MDA content, reduced Na+ concentration, and increased K+ concentration in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type (WT) and null vector (Vector) plants. Our findings suggest that transgenic plants overexpressing EeSKOR could enhance K+ transport from the roots to the aboveground parts to maintain K+ steady-state in the aboveground under conditions of salt stress, thereby enhancing tobacco salt tolerance.

scholarly journals PvB3s: Genome-wide and Transcriptome-wide Identification and Analysis Reveals the B3 Family Regulate Auxin to Resist Salt Stress at the Sprout Stage in Common Bean(P. Vulgaris L. ) .

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Wei-jia Li ◽  
Wen-jing Zhang ◽  
Zhen-gong Yin ◽  
Yu-xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Intron Structure ◽  
Auxin Content

Abstract Background: B3 gene family is a transcription factor family unique to plants, which play an important role in plant growth and development by binding specific DNA sequences. However, data on the B3 genes in the common bean and participate in many abiotic stresses especially salt stress are limited. Result: A total of encoding 100 proteins were identified in common bean. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PvB3s were classified into 4 subgroups, and these clusters were supported by several group-specific features, including exon/intron structure, MEME motifs, and predicted binding site structure. Collinearity analysis showed the connection of PvB3s in the same species and different species. The genes expression pattern showed that PvB3s expressed with a tissue-specific manner during sprout stage. Through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, it was found that there were differences in expression in extreme materials under salt stress. The determination of auxin content and the analysis of PvB3s expression in the enriched pathway showed that PvB3s would respond to auxin to enhance salt tolerance in common bean sprouting stage. Conclusion: The results provided useful and rich resources of PvB3s for the functional characterization and understanding of B3 transcription factors (TFs) in common bean, which further provides insights that PvB3s may respond to auxin to enhance salt tolerance of common bean.

Review: Unravelling the functional relationship between root anatomy and stress tolerance

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albino Maggio ◽  
Paul M. Hasegawa ◽  
Ray A. Bressan ◽  
M. Federica Consiglio ◽  
Robert J. Joly
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Salinity is a major environmental constraint limiting the yield of crop plants in many semi-arid and arid regions. A recently developed biophysical model for plant growth in saline environments confirms a critical role for root morphology and hydraulic properties in salinity and soil water deficit tolerance. The identification of genes based on correlations between exposure to salt stress and gene expression in roots and other organs has to date proved to be only marginally successful as a strategy for improving plant salt tolerance. Recently, the identification of genes that function in stress tolerance has advanced considerably by using genetic mutation analysis. However, the power of a genetic approach to understanding the specific mechanisms of root adaptation to saline and osmotic stress environments has not been fully exploited. A review of the available, yet still incomplete, collection of root mutants in Arabidopsis and other species demonstrates the potential usefulness of such mutants as tools in the genetic dissection of root function under osmotic stress. Identification of genes responsible for changes in root morphology that might also be advantageous in the presence of salt stress may open new avenues towards the elucidation of critical mechanisms for plant salt tolerance.

The vacuolar Na+ - H+ antiport gene TaNHX2 confers salt tolerance on transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Min Zhang ◽  
Zi-Hui Liu ◽  
Zhi-Yu Wen ◽  
Hong-Mei Zhang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Alfalfa

TaNHX2, a vacuolar Na+–H+ antiport gene from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was transformed into alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to evaluate the role of vacuolar energy providers in plant salt stress responses. PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that the target gene was integrated into the Medicago genome. Reverse transcription–PCR indicated that gene TaNHX2 was expressed at the transcriptional level. The relative electrical conductivity in the T2 transgenic plants was lower and the osmotic potential was higher compared to the wild-type plants under salt stress conditions. The tonoplast H+-ATPase, H+-pyrophosphatase (PPase) hydrolysis activities and ATP-dependent proton pump activities in transgenic plants were all higher than those of wild-type plants, and the enzyme activities could be induced by salt stress. The PPi-dependent proton pump activities decreased when NaCl concentrations increased from 100 mM to 200 mM, especially in transgenic plants. The vacuolar Na+–H+ antiport activities of transgenic plants were 2–3 times higher than those of the wild -type plants under 0 mM and 100 mM NaCl stress. Na+–H+ antiport activity was not detectable for wild-type plants under 200 mM NaCl, but for transgenic plants, it was further increased with an increment in salt stress intensity. These results demonstrated that expression of the foreign TaNHX2 gene enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa.

Reduced expression of a vesicle trafficking-related ATPase SKD1 decreases salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Ho ◽  
Ting-Ting Yang ◽  
Shyan-Shu Shieh ◽  
Gerald E. Edwards ◽  
Hungchen E. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salinity Response

In this study we present the functional characterisation of SKD1 (suppressor of K+ transport growth defect) in salt tolerance of higher plants. SKD1 participates in endosome-mediated protein sorting and expression of SKD1 is salt-induced in Na+ storage cells of halophyte ice plant. Transgenic Arabidopsis with reduced SKD1 expression were generated by expressing AtSKD1 in antisense orientation. Relative root growth rate of antisense seedlings was slower than that of wild-type seedlings under salt treatment. The Na+/K+ ratio doubled in the antisense seedlings compared with the wild-type seedlings indicating a loss in Na+/K+ homeostasis. The PSII activity dropped following one week of salt-stress in antisense plants whereas wild-type plants maintained normal activity. Upon germination, transgenic seedlings developed multiple roots where each root had lower density of lateral roots. Application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid restored the ability of transgenic seedlings to form lateral roots. Expression profiling analyses revealed that expressions of one stress-related kinase, several salt-induced transcription factors and one auxin efflux transporter were altered in antisense seedlings. With decreased expression of SKD1, plants experience a reduced salinity response and altered root development indicating the importance of intracellular vesicular trafficking in both auxin-mediated plant growth and in maintaining ion homeostasis under salt stress.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Silicon-Mediated Amelioration of Salt Stress in Plants

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Soundararajan ◽  
Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Regulation Of Photosynthesis

Silicon (Si), the second most predominant element in the earth crust consists of numerous benefits to plant. Beneficial effect of Si has been apparently visible under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions in plants. Supplementation of Si improved physiology and yield on several important agricultural and horticultural crops. Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect growth and yield. The presence of high concentration of salt in growing medium causes oxidative, osmotic, and ionic stresses to plants. In extreme conditions salinity affects soil, ground water, and limits agricultural production. Si ameliorates salt stress in several plants. The Si mediated stress mitigation involves various regulatory mechanisms such as photosynthesis, detoxification of harmful reactive oxygen species using antioxidant and non-antioxidants, and proper nutrient management. In the present review, Si mediated alleviation of salinity stress in plants through the regulation of photosynthesis, root developmental changes, redox homeostasis equilibrium, and regulation of nutrients have been dealt in detail.

scholarly journals PLATZ2 negatively regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings by directly suppressing the expression of the CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5589-5602
Author(s):  
Shasha Liu ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Shizhong Zhang ◽  
Kang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Abstract Although the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway plays essential roles in conferring salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, the regulatory mechanism underlying SOS gene expression remains largely unclear. In this study, AtPLATZ2 was found to function as a direct transcriptional suppressor of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 in the Arabidopsis salt stress response. Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtPLATZ2 exhibited increased sensitivity to salt stress. Loss of function of PLATZ2 had no observed salt stress phenotype in Arabidopsis, while the double mutant of PLATZ2 and PLATZ7 led to weaker salt stress tolerance than wild-type plants. Overexpression of AtPLATZ2 in transgenic plants decreased the expression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 under both normal and saline conditions. AtPLATZ2 directly bound to A/T-rich sequences in the CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 promoters in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited CBL4/SOS3 promoter activity in the plant leaves. The salt sensitivity of #11 plants constitutively overexpressing AtPLATZ2 was restored by the overexpression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8. Salt stress-induced Na+ accumulation in both the shoots and roots was more exaggerated in AtPLATZ2-overexpressing plants than in the wild type. The salt stress-induced Na+ accumulation in #11 seedlings was also rescued by the overexpression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8. Furthermore, the transcription of AtPLATZ2 was induced in response to salt stress. Collectively, these results suggest that AtPLATZ2 suppresses plant salt tolerance by directly inhibiting CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8, and functions redundantly with PLATZ7.

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