scholarly journals Autophagy, Metabolism, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Novel Modulators and Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengmin Yan ◽  
Bilon Khambu ◽  
Honghai Hong ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Nazmul Huda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is caused by over-consumption of alcohol. ALD can develop a spectrum of pathological changes in the liver, including steatosis, inflammation, cirrhosis, and complications. Autophagy is critical to maintain liver homeostasis, but dysfunction of autophagy has been observed in ALD. Generally, autophagy is considered to protect the liver from alcohol-induced injury and steatosis. In this review, we will summarize novel modulators of autophagy in hepatic metabolism and ALD, including autophagy-mediating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and crosstalk of autophagy machinery and nuclear factors. We will also discuss novel functions of autophagy in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal hepatic cells during the pathogenesis of ALD and other liver diseases.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in liver diseases: Focusing on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-714
Author(s):  
Sen Han ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Praveen Kusumanchi ◽  
Nazmul Huda ◽  
Yanchao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcribed RNA molecules with the lengths exceeding 200 nucleotides, are not translated into protein. They can modulate protein-coding genes by controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been related to various pathological disorders. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of lncRNAs and their implications in the pathogenesis of three common liver diseases: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease, and cholestatic liver disease. Future studies to further define the role of lncRNAs and their mechanisms in various types of liver diseases should be explored. An improved understanding from these studies will provide us a useful perspective leading to mechanism-based intervention by targeting specific lncRNAs for the treatment of liver diseases.

Spectrum of liver diseases occurring solely in pregnancies carrying male fetuses: A case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva koulaymi ◽  
◽  
Mayssaloun khairallah ◽  
Zeinab Haroun ◽  
Jihad Al Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Insight Into

Liver disease affects nearly 3% of pregnancies. It is a challenging topic for obstetricians as it can be fatal for both, the mother and the fetus. They carry a high mortality rate reaching 25%. Sex-specific effect on the expression of pregnancy-related liver diseases is largely unknown. We present several cases of familial pregnancy-related liver diseases that were expressed solely when the mothers had male fetuses, ending with deleterious outcomes. Liver disease was not expressed when they had female fetuses. These cases provide a novel insight into the diversity of pregnancy-related liver disease complications expression among sex.

scholarly journals Impact of Sarcopenia and Myosteatosis in Non-Cirrhotic Stages of Liver Diseases: Similarities and Differences across Aetiologies and Possible Therapeutic Strategies

Biomedicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Annalisa Cespiati ◽  
Marica Meroni ◽  
Rosa Lombardi ◽  
Giovanna Oberti ◽  
Paola Dongiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle strength, mass and function and it is a predictor of mortality. Sarcopenia is not only a geriatric disease, but it is related to several chronic conditions, including liver diseases in both its early and advanced stages. Despite the increasing number of studies exploring the role of sarcopenia in the early stages of chronic liver disease (CLD), its prevalence and the relationship between these two clinical entities are still controversial. Myosteatosis is characterized by fat accumulation in the muscles and it is related to advanced liver disease, although its role in the early stages is still under researched. Therefore, in this narrative review, we firstly aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and myosteatosis in the early stage of CLD across different aetiologies (mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease and viral hepatitis). Secondly, due to the increasing prevalence of sarcopenia worldwide, we aimed to revise the current and the future therapeutic approaches for the management of sarcopenia in CLD.

scholarly journals Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Is Rarely Detected at Early Stages Compared With Liver Diseases of Other Etiologies Worldwide

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2320-2329.e12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Shah ◽  
Meritxell Ventura-Cots ◽  
Juan G. Abraldes ◽  
Mohamed Alboraie ◽  
Ahmad Alfadhli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Therapeutic Mechanisms of Bile Acids and Nor-Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Steinacher ◽  
Thierry Claudel ◽  
Michael Trauner
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
New Class ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most rapidly rising clinical problems in the 21st century. So far no effective drug treatment has been established to cure this disease. Bile acids (BAs) have a variety of signaling properties, which can be used therapeutically for modulating hepatic metabolism and inflammation. A side-chain shorted derivative of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is 24 nor-ursodeoxycholic acid (NorUDCA) and it represents a new class of drugs for treatment of liver diseases. NorUDCA has unique biochemical and therapeutic properties, since it is relatively resistant to conjugation with glycine or taurine compared to UDCA. NorUDCA undergoes cholehepatic shunting, resulting in ductular targeting, bicarbonate-rich hypercholeresis, and cholangiocyte protection. Furthermore, it showed anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-lipotoxic properties in several animal models. As such, NorUDCA is a promising new approach in the treatment of cholestatic and metabolic liver diseases. This review is a summary of current BA-based therapeutic approaches in the treatment of the fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial dysfunction and liver disease: role, relevance, and potential for therapeutic modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110313
Author(s):  
Paul Middleton ◽  
Nikhil Vergis
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Mitochondria are key organelles involved in energy production as well as numerous metabolic processes. There is a growing interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of common chronic diseases as well as in cancer development. This review will examine the role mitochondria play in the pathophysiology of common liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is described widely in the literature in studies examining patient tissue and in disease models. Despite significant differences in pathophysiology between chronic liver diseases, common mitochondrial defects are described, including increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. We review the current literature on mitochondrial-targeted therapies, which have the potential to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with chronic liver disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Mild and Moderate Liver Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Isavuconazole after Intravenous and Oral Administration of a Single Dose of the Prodrug BAL8557

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 4885-4890 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schmitt-Hoffmann ◽  
B. Roos ◽  
J. Spickermann ◽  
M. Heep ◽  
É. Peterfaí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Liver Impairment ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Intravenous And Oral Administration

ABSTRACT Isavuconazole is a promising new antifungal drug with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and excellent activity against a number of fungi. It is administered as a water-soluble prodrug (BAL8557) that is cleaved by plasma esterases to isavuconazole, which is eliminated primarily by hepatic metabolism. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of alcohol-related liver disease on the pharmacokinetics of isavuconazole. Subjects were 16 healthy individuals, 16 with mild liver impairment, and 16 with moderate liver impairment who were randomized to receive a single oral or intravenous dose of BAL8557 equivalent to 100 mg isavuconazole. Blood samples were collected for 21 days following drug administration, and plasma concentrations of isavuconazole, BAL8557, and the cleavage product BAL8728 were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Following intravenous administration, the half-life of isavuconazole increased from 123 h for healthy volunteers to 224 h and 302 h for subjects with mild and moderate liver impairment, respectively. The systemic clearance of isavuconazole following intravenous administration decreased from 2.73 liters/h for healthy subjects to 1.43 liters/h for subjects with moderate liver impairment (47.6% decrease [P < 0.05]). A similar decrease (23.5%) was observed after oral administration. These results suggest that a dose adjustment may be needed when isavuconazole is used to treat fungal infections in patients with liver disease.

scholarly journals Features Of Anemia In Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Ismatova Mehriniso Nasritdinovna ◽  
◽  
Mukhammedzhanova Mastura Hayatovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Underlying Liver Disease ◽  
Diffuse Liver Diseases

The features of the epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of chronic diffuse liver diseases in combination with anemia are considered according to the literature on this problem. It has been shown that anemia aggravates the course, causes progression and worsens the prognosis of chronic diffuse liver diseases. The incidence of anemia in chronic diffuse liver diseases reaches 80%. Disclosure of the mechanisms of anemia in chronic diffuse liver diseases is necessary for timely correction and prevention of the progression of both pathological changes in red blood and underlying liver disease.

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