scholarly journals A Stress-Associated Protein, PtSAP13, From Populus trichocarpa Provides Tolerance to Salt Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
Yongxiu Xia ◽  
Guangshun Zheng ◽  
Jingshuang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Monooxygenase Activity ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Stress Related Genes

The growth and production of poplars are usually affected by unfavorable environmental conditions such as soil salinization. Thus, enhancing salt tolerance of poplars will promote their better adaptation to environmental stresses and improve their biomass production. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are a novel class of A20/AN1 zinc finger proteins that have been shown to confer plants’ tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. However, the precise functions of SAP genes in poplars are still largely unknown. Here, the expression profiles of Populus trichocarpa SAPs in response to salt stress revealed that PtSAP13 with two AN1 domains was up-regulated dramatically during salt treatment. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that PtSAP13 was accumulated dominantly in leaf and root, and the GUS signal was increased under salt condition. The Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing PtSAP13 exhibited higher seed germination and better growth than wild-type (WT) plants under salt stress, demonstrating that overexpression of PtSAP13 increased salt tolerance. Higher activities of antioxidant enzymes were found in PtSAP13-overexpressing plants than in WT plants under salt stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that some stress-related genes, including Glutathione peroxidase 8, NADP-malic enzyme 2, Response to ABA and Salt 1, WRKYs, Glutathione S-Transferase, and MYBs, were induced by salt in transgenic plants. Moreover, the pathways of flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolic processes, regulation of response to stress, response to ethylene, dioxygenase activity, glucosyltransferase activity, monooxygenase activity, and oxidoreductase activity were specially enriched in transgenic plants under salt condition. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PtSAP13 enhances salt tolerance through up-regulating the expression of stress-related genes and mediating multiple biological pathways.

Early effects of salt stress on the physiological and oxidative status of the halophyte Lobularia maritima

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Anis Ben Hsouna ◽  
Thaura Ghneim-Herrera ◽  
Walid Ben Romdhane ◽  
Amira Dabbous ◽  
Rania Ben Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Lobularia Maritima ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Ionic Imbalance

Soil salinity is an abiotic stress that reduces agricultural productivity. For decades, halophytes have been studied to elucidate the physiological and biochemical processes involved in alleviating cellular ionic imbalance and conferring salt tolerance. Recently, several interesting genes with proven influence on salt tolerance were isolated from the Mediterranean halophyte Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. A better understanding of salt response in this species is needed to exploit its potential as a source of stress-related genes. We report the characterisation of L. maritima’s response to increasing NaCl concentrations (100–400 mM) at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. L. maritima growth was unaffected by salinity up to 100 mM NaCl and it was able to survive at 400 mM NaCl without exhibiting visual symptoms of damage. Lobularia maritima showed a Na+ and K+ accumulation pattern typical of a salt-includer halophyte, with higher contents of Na+ in the leaves and K+ in the roots of salt-treated plants. The expression profiles of NHX1, SOS1, HKT1, KT1 and VHA-E1 in salt-treated plants matched this Na+ and K+ accumulation pattern, suggesting an important role for these transporters in the regulation of ion homeostasis in leaves and roots of L. maritima. A concomitant stimulation in phenolic biosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed under moderate salinity, suggesting a potential link between the production of polyphenolic antioxidants and protection against salt stress in L. maritima. Our findings indicate that the halophyte L. maritima can rapidly develop physiological and antioxidant mechanisms to adapt to salt and manage oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Overexpression of PeHKT1;1 Improves Salt Tolerance in Populus

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Xu ◽  
Caihui Chen ◽  
Heng Cai ◽  
Ling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Class I ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Reading Frame

Soil salinization is an increasingly serious threat that limits plant growth and development. Class I transporters of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family have been demonstrated to be involved in salt tolerance by contributing to Na+ exclusion from roots and shoots. Here, we isolated the PeHKT1;1 gene from hybrid poplar based on the sequences of the Populus trichocarpa genome. The full-length PeHKT1;1 gene was 2173 bp, including a 1608 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 535 amino acids and containing eight distinct transmembrane domains. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the PeHKT1;1 protein had a typical S–G–G–G signature for the P-loop domains and belonged to class I of HKT transporters. PeHKT1;1 transcripts were mainly detected in stem and root, and were remarkably induced by salt stress treatment. In further characterization of its functions, overexpression of PeHKT1;1 in Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana resulted in a better relative growth rate in phenotypic analysis, including root and plant height, and exhibited higher catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities than non-transgenic poplar under salt stress conditions. These observations indicated that PeHKT1;1 may enhance salt tolerance by improving the efficiency of antioxidant systems. Together, these data suggest that PeHKT1;1 plays an important role in response to salt stress in Populus.

scholarly journals Characterization of Interactions between the Soybean Salt-Stress Responsive Membrane-Intrinsic Proteins GmPIP1 and GmPIP2

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Weicong Qi ◽  
Haiying Lu ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Dayong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Important Trait

Salt tolerance is an important trait in soybean cultivation and breeding. Plant responses to salt stress include physiological and biochemical changes that affect the movement of water across the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) localize to the plasma membrane and regulate the water and solutes flow. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and yeast two-hybridization were engaged to analyze the early gene expression profiles and interactions of a set of soybean PIPs (GmPIPs) in response to salt stress. A total of 20 GmPIPs-encoding genes had varied expression profiles after salt stress. Among them, 13 genes exhibited a downregulated expression pattern, including GmPIP1;6, the constitutive overexpression of which could improve soybean salt tolerance, and its close homologs GmPIP1;7 and 1;5. Three genes showed upregulated patterns, including the GmPIP1;6 close homolog GmPIP1;4, when four genes with earlier increased and then decreased expression patterns. GmPIP1;5 and GmPIP1;6 could both physically interact strongly with GmPIP2;2, GmPIP2;4, GmPIP2;6, GmPIP2;8, GmPIP2;9, GmPIP2;11, and GmPIP2;13. Definite interactions between GmPIP1;6 and GmPIP1;7 were detected and GmPIP2;9 performed homo-interaction. The interactions of GmPIP1;5 with GmPIP2;11 and 2;13, GmPIP1;6 with GmPIP2;9, 2;11 and GmPIP2;13, and GmPIP2;9 with itself were strengthened upon salt stress rather than osmotic stress. Taken together, we inferred that GmPIP1 type and GmPIP2 type could associate with each other to synergistically function in the plant cell; a salt-stress environment could promote part of their interactions. This result provided new clues to further understand the soybean PIP–isoform interactions, which lead to potentially functional homo- and heterotetramers for salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Betula halophila in Response to Salt Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenjuan Shao ◽  
Lisha Zhang ◽  
Iain Wilson ◽  
Deyou Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Overly Sensitive

Soil salinization is a matter of concern worldwide. It can eventually lead to the desertification of land and severely damage local agricultural production and the ecological environment. Betula halophila is a tree with high salt tolerance, so it is of importance to understand and discover the salt responsive genes of B. halophila for breeding salinity resistant varieties of trees. However, there is no report on the transcriptome in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Using Illumina sequencing platform, approximately 460 M raw reads were generated and assembled into 117,091 unigenes. Among these unigenes, 64,551 unigenes (55.12%) were annotated with gene descriptions, while the other 44.88% were unknown. 168 up-regulated genes and 351 down-regulated genes were identified, respectively. These Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) involved in multiple pathways including the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway, ion transport and uptake, antioxidant enzyme, ABA signal pathway and so on. The gene ontology (GO) enrichments suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in a plant-type cell wall organization biological process, cell wall cellular component, and structural constituent of cell wall molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that the top-four enriched pathways were ‘Fatty acid elongation’, ‘Ribosome’, ‘Sphingolipid metabolism’ and ‘Flavonoid biosynthesis’. The expression patterns of sixteen DEGs were analyzed by qRT-PCR to verify the RNA-seq data. Among them, the transcription factor AT-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized gene and dehydrins might play an important role in response to salt stress in B. halophila. Our results provide an important gene resource to breed salt tolerant plants and useful information for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in B. halophila.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Defensive Mechanism of Arachis hypogaea in Response to Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaobo Zhao ◽  
Quanxi Sun ◽  
Caixia Yan ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Young Leaves

Abiotic stresses comprise all nonliving factors, such as soil salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and metal toxicity, posing a serious threat to agriculture and affecting the plant production around the world. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important crops for vegetable oil, proteins, minerals, and vitamins in the world. Therefore, it is of importance to understand the molecular mechanism of peanut against salt stress. Six transcriptome sequencing libraries including 24-hour salt treatments and control samples were constructed from the young leaves of peanut. A comprehensive analysis between two groups detected 3,425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 2,013 upregulated genes and 1,412 downregulated genes. Of these DEGs, 141 transcription factors (TFs) mainly consisting of MYB, AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, and HSF were identified in response to salinity stress. Further, GO categories of the DEGs highly related to regulation of cell growth, cell periphery, sustained external encapsulating structure, cell wall organization or biogenesis, antioxidant activity, and peroxidase activity were significantly enriched for upregulated DEGs. The function of downregulated DEGs was mainly enriched in regulation of metabolic processes, oxidoreductase activity, and catalytic activity. Fourteen DEGs with response to salt tolerance were validated by real-time PCR. Taken together, the identification of DEGs’ response to salt tolerance of cultivated peanut will provide a solid foundation for improving salt-tolerant peanut genetic manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Overexpression of Grapevine VvIAA18 Gene Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Tobacco

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Changxi Dang ◽  
Yuxiu Ye ◽  
Zunxin Wang ◽  
Laibao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Tobacco Plants

In plants, auxin/indoleacetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins are transcriptional regulators that regulate developmental process and responses to phytohormones and stress treatments. However, the regulatory functions of the Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine) Aux/IAA transcription factor gene VvIAA18 have not been reported. In this study, the VvIAA18 gene was successfully cloned from grapevine. Subcellular localization analysis in onion epidermal cells indicated that VvIAA18 was localized to the nucleus. Expression analysis in yeast showed that the full length of VvIAA18 exhibited transcriptional activation. Salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants and Escherichia. coli was significantly enhanced by VvIAA18 overexpression. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that overexpression of VvIAA18 up-regulated the salt stress-responsive genes, including pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (NtP5CS), late embryogenesis abundant protein (NtLEA5), superoxide dismutase (NtSOD), and peroxidase (NtPOD) genes, under salt stress. Enzymatic analyses found that the transgenic plants had higher SOD and POD activities under salt stress. Meanwhile, component analysis showed that the content of proline in transgenic plants increased significantly, while the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly. Based on the above results, the VvIAA18 gene is related to improving the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants. The VvIAA18 gene has the potential to be applied to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Functional Identification of Salt-Stress-Related Genes Using the FOX Hunting System from Ipomoea pes-caprae

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie-Xuan Zheng ◽  
Hui Mo ◽  
Kuai-Fei Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Functional Screening ◽  
Yeast Mutant ◽  
Full Length Cdna ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Ipomoea pes-caprae is a seashore halophytic plant and is therefore a good model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying salt and stress tolerance in plant research. Here, we performed Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting with a functional screening of a cDNA library using a salt-sensitive yeast mutant strain to isolate the salt-stress-related genes of I. pes-caprae (IpSR genes). The library was screened for genes that complemented the salt defect of yeast mutant AXT3 and could grow in the presence of 75 mM NaCl. We obtained 38 candidate salt-stress-related full-length cDNA clones from the I. pes-caprae cDNA library. The genes are predicted to encode proteins involved in water deficit, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cellular vesicle trafficking, metabolic enzymes, and signal transduction factors. When combined with the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, several potential functional salt-tolerance-related genes were emphasized. This approach provides a rapid assay system for the large-scale screening of I. pes-caprae genes involved in the salt stress response and supports the identification of genes responsible for the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance.

Why do plants lack sodium pumps and would they benefit from having one?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper T. Pedersen ◽  
Michael Palmgren
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
New Generation ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this minireview is to discuss the feasibility of creating a new generation of salt-tolerant plants that express Na+/K+-ATPases from animals or green algae. Attempts to generate salt-tolerant plants have focussed on increase the expression of or introducing salt stress-related genes from plants, bryophytes and yeast. Even though these approaches have resulted in plants with increased salt tolerance, plant growth is decreased under salt stress and often also under normal growth conditions. New strategies to increase salt tolerance are therefore needed. Theoretically, plants transformed with an animal-type Na+/K+-ATPase should not only display a high degree of salt tolerance but should also reduce the stress response exhibited by the first generation of salt-tolerant plants under both normal and salt stress conditions. The biological feasibility of such a strategy of producing transgenic plants that display improved growth on saline soil but are indistinguishable from wild-type plants under normal growth conditions, is discussed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Salts and Osmoprotectants on Enzyme Activities of Fructose-1,6-biphosphate Aldolases in a Halotolerant Cyanobacterium, Halothece sp. PCC 7418

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siripat Ngoennet ◽  
Masaki Honda ◽  
Tanutcha Patipong ◽  
Takashi Hibino ◽  
Rungaroon Waditee-Sirisattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate ◽  
Halotolerant Cyanobacterium

The halotolerant cyanobacterium, Halothece sp. PCC 7418, possesses two classes of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA): H2846 and H2847. Though class I (CI)-FBA H2846 is thought to be associated with salt tolerance, the regulatory mechanisms, molecular characteristics, and expression profiles between H2846 and class II (CII)-FBA H2847 have scarcely been investigated. Here, we show that the accumulation of the H2846 protein is highly responsive to both up- and down-shock with NaCl, whereas H2847 is constitutively expressed. The activity of CI- and CII-FBA in cyanobacterial extracts is correlated with the accumulation patterns of H2846 and H2847, respectively. In addition, it was found that these activities were inhibited by NaCl and KCl, with CII-FBA activity strikingly inhibited. It was also found that the CI-FBA activity of recombinant H2846 was hindered by salts and that this hindrance could be moderated by the addition of glycine betaine (GB), whereas no moderation occurred with other potential osmoprotectant molecules (proline, sucrose, and glycerol). In addition, a phylogenetic analysis showed that CI-FBAs with higher similarities to H2846 tended to be distributed among potential GB-synthesizing cyanobacteria. Taken together, our results provide insights into the independent evolution of the CI- and CII-FBA gene families, which show distinct expression profiles and functions following salt stress.

scholarly journals Isolation of Salt Stress-Related Genes fromAspergillus glaucusCCHA by Random Overexpression inEscherichia coli

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Fang ◽  
Xiaojiao Han ◽  
Lihua Xie ◽  
Mingying Liu ◽  
Guirong Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Control Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Halotolerant Fungus ◽  
Stress Related Genes

The halotolerant fungusAspergillus glaucusCCHA was isolated from the surface of wild vegetation around a saltern with the salinity range being 0–31%. Here, a full-length cDNA library ofA. glaucusunder salt stress was constructed to identify genes related to salt tolerance, and one hundred clones were randomly selected for sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Among these, 82 putative sequences were functionally annotated as being involved in signal transduction, osmolyte synthesis and transport, or regulation of transcription. Subsequently, the cDNA library was transformed intoE. colicells to screen for putative salt stress-related clones. Five putative positive clones were obtained fromE. colicells grown on LB agar containing 1 M NaCl, on which they showed rapid growth compared to the empty vector control line. Analysis of transgenicArabidopsis thalianalines overexpressingCCHA-2142demonstrated that the gene conferred increased salt tolerance to plants as well by protecting the cellular membranes, suppressing the inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis. These results highlight the utility of thisA. glaucuscDNA library as a tool for isolating and characterizing genes related to salt tolerance. Furthermore, the identified genes can be used for the study of the underlying biology of halotolerance.

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