scholarly journals MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target and Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Kooshkaki ◽  
Zohre Rezaei ◽  
Meysam Rahmati ◽  
Parviz Vahedi ◽  
Afshin Derakhshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Prognostic Tool ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNAs that display aberrant expression in the tissue and plasma of cancer patients when tested in comparison to healthy individuals. In past decades, research data proposed that miRNAs could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. It has been confirmed that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes by silencing tumor inhibitors or as tumor suppressors by targeting oncoproteins. MiR-144s are located in the chromosomal region 17q11.2, which is subject to significant damage in many types of cancers. In this review, we assess the involvement of miR-144s in several cancer types by illustrating the possible target genes that are related to each cancer, and we also briefly describe the clinical applications of miR-144s as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in cancers.

scholarly journals MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target in Cancers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Kooshkaki ◽  
Zohre Rezaei ◽  
Meysam Rahmati ◽  
Parviz Vahedi ◽  
Afshin Derakhshani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNAs displaying aberrant expression in the tissue and plasma of cancer patients in comparison to healthy individuals. In past decades, accumulating data proposed that miRNAs could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. It has been identified that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes through silencing of tumor inhibitors or tumor suppressor via targeting oncoproteins. MiR-144 is located in chromosomal region 17q11.2 that was widely destroyed in many types of cancers. Several studies revealed that miR-144 has different target genes including rapamycin, zonula occludens1, SFRP1, and ANO1. MiR-144 acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene by targeting specific genes. In this review, we define the role of miR‐144 and its targets in different cancers and provide understanding in tumor proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Interplay between miRNAs and host genes and their role in cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohong Liu ◽  
Yu Shyr ◽  
Jianping Cai ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding functional RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They play essential roles in nearly all biological processes including cell development and differentiation, DNA damage repair, cell death as well as intercellular communication. They are highly involved in cancer, acting as tumor suppressors and/or promoters to modulate cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that more than half of miRNAs are located within protein-coding or non-coding genes. Intragenic miRNAs and their host genes either share the promoter or have independent transcription. Meanwhile, miRNAs work as partners or antagonists of their host genes by fine-tuning their target genes functionally associated with host genes. This review outlined the complicated relationship between intragenic miRNAs and host genes. Focusing on miRNAs known as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in specific cancer types, it studied co-expression relationships between these miRNAs and host genes in the cancer types using TCGA data sets, which validated previous findings and revealed common, tumor-specific and even subtype-specific patterns. These observations will help understand the function of intragenic miRNAs and further develop miRNA therapeutics in cancer.

scholarly journals Aberrant Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Indicates Potential Roles in Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 2367-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Xiangyun Chang ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Ling Fan ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Background/Aims: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key players in several biological processes and complex diseases. The risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is determined by a combination of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. The purpose of this study was to identify aberrant lncRNAs involved in T2D pathogenesis. Methods: Microarray analysis was performed using whole blood samples from patients newly diagnosed with T2D and healthy controls. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were utilized to annotate the target genes. Coding non-coding co-expression (CNC) analysis was performed to construct a co-expression network. Results: We found 55 lncRNAs and 202 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the T2D group compared to the healthy control group. Pathway and GO analyses demonstrated that dysregulated mRNAs were mainly associated with immune regulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance, whereas CNC analysis identified 10 pairs of co-expressed lncRNA-mRNAs in our patient cohort (R > 0.99). Furthermore, expression of the top three upregulated lncRNAs in the T2D group was correlated with measures of glycometabolism (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study identified aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in Han Chinese patients with T2D, and demonstrated that dysregulated lncRNAs may have roles in T2D pathogenesis through regulation of inflammation and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Olfm4 Is Highly Expressed In Liver Cancer Patients And As A Biomarker And Therapeutic Target For Liver Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhu Song
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Cancer Types

Abstract Liver cancer is one of important cancer types causing a large number death in the world, and the incidence is still increasing. Conventional therapies against liver cancer are not satisfied and pathogenesis of liver cancer remains unclear. Thus, the more effective therapies are needed to treat liver cancers, and the discovery of key genes involving in pathogenesis of liver cancers is important for developing more effective therapies to treat liver cancer. In the present study, we found that OLFM4 blood level is higher in liver cancer patients than in healthy individuals, and mRNA expression level in liver cancer tissue than in liver paracancerous tissues. OLFM4 has high predictive capacity as a biomarker for liver cancer and closely correlated to tumor size. Importantly, it is confirmed that OLFM4 contributes to cancer cell proliferation, and HIF-1α involves in this activity. We believe that OLFM4/HIF-1α axis might be a target signaling pathway for developing novel drugs to treat liver cancer.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs and cancer: microRNAs and beyond

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marie Raia ◽  
George Adrian Calin
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Affect Gene Expression

Non-coding RNAs were previously thought to have little importance because they are not directly translated into a protein like their coding counterparts. However, it was recently found that non-coding RNAs do in fact have a much bigger role than previously thought. They are involved in cancer predisposition, development and progression. MicroRNAs, very short non-coding RNAs, are abnormally expressed in cancer and some harbor mutations that affect expression levels. MicroRNA alterations have been observed in all forms of cancer that have been researched to the current date. MicroRNAs are also located in cancer- associated genomic regions, which have been previously shown to affect gene expression leading to the activation or inhibition of cancer growth. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within microRNAs can predispose someone to cancer. MicroRNAs have been shown to target both tumor suppressors, inhibiting cancer development, as well as oncogenes, stimulating cancer development. Some microRNAs can switch between these two functions and behave as a tumor suppressor at one time and an oncogene at another time. MicroRNAs can be used for diagnostic purposes as well as prognostic evaluations. Outside of microRNAs, ultraconserved genes, another group of non-coding RNAs, also express differently in cancer patients. Large intervening non-coding RNAs, specifically one termed HOTAIR, have been quantified in very high levels in cancer cells and have been implicated in metastasis. Further research into noncoding RNAs may allow for the development of therapies that will target non-coding RNAs creating better treatment options for cancer patients, improving their prognosis. This review discusses the most current discoveries about non-coding RNAs, revealing their associations with cancer.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Exploration of the lncRNA CCAT2: A Pan-Cancer Analysis Based on 33 Cancer Types and 13285 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Bowen Huang ◽  
Min Yu ◽  
Renguo Guan ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Baohua Hou
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Clinicopathological Factors ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Cancer Types

Whether the lncRNA CCAT2 expression level affects the clinical progression and outcome of cancer patients has not yet been fully elucidated. There is still an inconsistent view regarding the correlation between CCAT2 expression and clinicopathological factors, including survival data. Besides, the regulation mechanism of CCAT2 in human cancer is still unclear. Our study analyzed a large number of publication data and TCGA databases to identify the association of CCAT2 expression with clinicopathological factors and to explore the regulatory mechanisms in human cancers. We designed a comprehensive study to determine the expression of CCAT2 in human cancer by designing a meta-analysis of 20 selected studies and the TCGA database, using StataSE 12.0 to explore the relationship between CCAT2 expression and both the prognosis and clinicopathological features of 33 cancer types and 13285 tumor patients. Moreover, we performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses on potential target genes of CCAT2 collected from GEPIA and LncRNA2Target V2.0. The level of CCAT2 expression in tumor tissues is higher than that in paired normal tissues and is significantly associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Besides, overexpression of CCAT2 was significantly associated with tumor size, clinical stage, and TNM classification. Meanwhile, CCAT2 expression is the highest in stage II of human cancer, followed by stage III. Finally, 111 validated target gene symbols were identified, and GO and KEGG demonstrated that the CCAT2 validation target was significantly enriched in several pathways, including microRNAs in the cancer pathway. In summary, CCAT2 can be a potential biomarker associated with the progression and prognosis of human cancer.

scholarly journals The role of micro-RNA in the regulation of signal pathways in gliomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-498
Author(s):  
O.I. Kit ◽  
D.I. Vodolazhsky ◽  
E.E. Rostorguev ◽  
D.H. Porksheyan ◽  
S.B. Panina
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Gliomas are invasive brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of glioma with nearly 100% rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in patients. Micro-RNAs (miR) are the class of wide-spread short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation via binding to the mRNA of target genes. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results concerning aberrant expression profiles of miR, which target components of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, EGFR, TGFb, HIF1a in glioma/glioblastoma. Particularly, the interactions of miR with targets of 2-hydroxyglutarate (the product of mutant isocytrate dehydrogenase, R132H IDH1, which is specific for the glioma pathogenesis) have been considered in the present review. Detecting specific miRNAs in tissue and serum may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for glioma, as well as for predicting treatment response of an individual patient, and potentially serving as a mechanism for creating personalized treatment strategies

miRNA-148b and its role in various cancers

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 1939-1960
Author(s):  
Najmeh Dorraki ◽  
Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie ◽  
Nooshin Sadegh Ahmadi ◽  
Vahideh Keyvani ◽  
Rosita Azar Bahadori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Colon Cancers ◽  
Ovarian Cancers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancer Types

miRNA-148b belongs to the family miR-148/-152, with significant differences in nonseed sequences, which can target diverse mRNA molecules. Reportedly, it may undergo deregulation in lung and ovarian cancers and downregulation in gastric, pancreatic and colon cancers. However, there is a need for further studies to better characterize its mechanism of action and in different types of cancer. In this review, we focus on the aberrant expression of miR-148b in different cancer types and highlight its main target genes and signaling pathways, as well as its pathophysiologic role and relevance to tumorigenesis in several types of cancer.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3206
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Cruz-Escobar ◽  
Alan Isaac Valderrama-Treviño ◽  
Jesús C. Ceballos-Villalva ◽  
Mariana Ramírez-Guerrero ◽  
German E. Mendoza-Barrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Mature Microrna ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide, currently representing the most common gastrointestinal cancer with 13% of all malignant tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that repress the translation of target genes. Since their discovery, they have been shown to play an important role in the development of cancer, since they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. A literature review was performed in different databases such as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, nature, Wolters Kluwer, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library. Studies were included from 2003 to 2018. Colorectal cancer presents genetic heterogeneity, because it can develop in different ways, the pathway through which cancer occurs depends on the gene initially altered. The aberrant expression of microRNAs is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression. Three existing steps in the maturation of the microRNAs have been identified: 1) transcription of the pri-miRNA, 2) cleavage in the nucleus to form the pre-miRNA and 3) a final excision in the cytoplasm to form the mature microRNA. It has been discovered that miRNAs have an impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, maintenance of stem cell potency and metabolism, all important factors in the etiology of cancer. The data analyzed in this article highlights the importance of the study of microRNAs in colorectal cancer, however, for the carcinogenic process, progression, therapeutic management and prognosis, more multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed with a detailed analysis.

Comprehensive analysis of long noncoding RNA expression in circulation of breast cancer patients on neoadjuvant therapy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12644-e12644
Author(s):  
Boris Krastev ◽  
Constanta Timcheva ◽  
Spartak Valev ◽  
Georgi Zhbantov ◽  
Ivaylo Stoykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

e12644 Background: Though long considered “nonfunctional”, recent evidence is growing that non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have an active role in tumor biology, mainly as gene expression regulators. Breast cancer is heterogeneous in nature and locally advanced cases are distinct entity in terms of curability. Being borderline between early and metastatic disease, long-term outcome here strongly depends on the efficacy of systemic therapy. To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet investigated global changes of circulating lncRNAs in this patient population during preoperative (neoadjuvant) treatment. Methods: We conducted a small transcriptomic trial on 10 locally advanced breast cancer patients, assessing lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in plasma samples before (S1) and after (S2) initiation of neoadjuvant therapy. Next-generation sequencing was performed with differential gene expression analysis between S1 and S2 groups. We assessed co-expression between lncRNAs and mRNAs, identifying mRNAs whose transcription was potentially regulated by lncRNAs, i.e. “lncRNA target genes”. In order to elucidate biological roles of these target mRNAs, we performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG). Results: 394 lncRNAs and 1085 mRNAs demonstrated statistically significant difference in expression between pretreatment and posttreatment samples. Co-expression analysis revealed positive correlation between 25 lncRNAs and 25 mRNAs located in cis, while potential trans interactions exceeded 105. GO evaluation of lncRNA target genes was significant for 44 terms: 28 for biological process (BP), 9 for cellular component (CC) and 7 for molecular function (MF). The most annotated terms for BP, MF and CC were respectively biosynthetic process, DNA-binding transcription factor activity and nucleus. KEGG analysis showed that 105 of 201 analyzed pathways were statistically significant with most prominent being pathways in cancer and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Conclusions: Despite limited in size, present study provides broad view on transcriptional landscape in blood circulation, interrogating in vivo dynamics of systemic gene expression during neoadjuvant breast cancer treatment. It demonstrates that substantial number of circulating lncRNAs could be up- or downregulated in the course of therapy and this has the potential to control protein-coding genes that are tightly implicated in cancer biology.

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