scholarly journals Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk: Which Implications in Children?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Savastio ◽  
Erica Pozzi ◽  
Francesco Tagliaferri ◽  
Roberta Degrandi ◽  
Roberta Cinquatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Vitamin D (25OHD) pleiotropic effects are widely recognized and studied. Recently, vitamin D cardiovascular effects are gaining interest, especially in children, although the studies present conflicting data. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk markers, such as lipid parameters, inflammation markers, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness, are unaffected by vitamin D supplementation. By contrast, other studies show that low vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and support that increased risk of these diseases occurs primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency. An update on these points in pediatric patients is certainly of interest to focus on possible benefits of its supplementation.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Anthropometric Parameters And Biochemical Markers Of Cardiovascular Risk In Chronic Renal Patients On Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Objective: To correlate anthropometric parameters and biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study, carried out at the Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira – Imip (Recife-PE), from July to October 2018. Anthropometric parameters were analyzed: The anthropometric measurements used were waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHT), sociodemographic data (sex and base disease) and biochemical parameters (HDL, LDL, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Vitamin D, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and parathyroid hormone). Results: Fifty-nine patients with CKD were evaluated in a regular HD program. and males (54.2%). The majority of the population had an undetermined disease (44.1%). Regarding anthropometry, it was observed that there was a predominance in the change in waist circumference (57.6%) and waist/height ratio (59.3%). Regarding the biochemical profile, through pearson’s correlation, it was observed that there was a significant positive association of WC and WHT with phosphorus (ρ*=0.305 and 0.329). In the correlation of WC and WHT with vitamin D, it was seen that as these anthropometric indices increase, vitamin D decreases, making this correlation significant (ρ*=-0.435 and -0.368). Conclusion: It can be concluded that most patients presented inadequate nutritional status, as well as decreased serum vitamin D levels and changes in serum phosphorus levels. These changes may result in increased risk for cardiovascular events in this population.

scholarly journals Low Vitamin D Levels Predict Mortality in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Niv Ben-Shabat ◽  
Abdulla Watad ◽  
Aviv Shabat ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Doron Comaneshter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
All Cause Mortality

In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on all-cause mortality in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and in the general population. This is a retrospective-cohort study based on the electronic database of the largest health-maintenance organization in Israel. AS patients who were first diagnosed between 2002–2007 were included. Controls were matched by age, gender and enrollment-time. Follow-up continued until death or end of study follow-up on 1 July 2019. Laboratory measures of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels during the entire follow-up period were obtained. A total of 919 AS patients and 4519 controls with a mean time of follow-up of 14.3 years were included. The mean age at the time of enrollment was 52 years, and 22% of them were females. AS was associated with a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio 1.27 [95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.03–1.58]). In AS patients, insufficient levels of vitamin D (<30 ng/mL) were significantly associated with increased incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 [95% CI 1.02–2.50]). This association was more prominent with the decrease in vitamin D levels (< 20 ng/mL, HR 1.63 [95% CI 1.03–2.60]; <10 ng/mL, HR 1.79 [95% CI 1.01–3.20]) and among male patients (<30 ng/mL, HR 2.11 [95% CI 1.20–3.72]; <20 ng/mL, HR 2.12 [95% CI 1.19–3.80]; <10 ng/mL, HR 2.23 [95% CI 1.12–4.43]). However, inadequate levels of vitamin D among controls were not associated with an increased all-cause mortality. Our study has shown that vitamin D deficiency is more common in AS patients than controls and is linked to an increased risk for all-cause mortality. These results emphasize the need for randomized-controlled trials to evaluate the benefits of vitamin D supplementation as a secondary prevention of mortality in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease.

scholarly journals Changes in vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in later life in England

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Jane P. Biddulph ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Cesar de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

AbstractInadequate vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of depression. However, most of these studies are cross-sectional and failed to investigate the effect of changes in vitamin D levels. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association of changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with depressive symptoms in 3365 participants of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a large nationally-representative study of older adults. Based on their vitamin D levels at baseline and follow-up (sufficient ≥ 50 nmol/L; insufficient < 50 nmol/L), participants were classified as follows: with sufficient levels at both waves; with sufficient levels at baseline but not at follow-up; with insufficient levels at baseline but ≥ 50 nmol/L at follow-up; and with levels < 50 nmol/L at each time point. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 8-point CES-D scale. Data were analysed using logistic regression models. Compared with those with sufficient levels of vitamin D at both waves, only those with insufficient levels throughout were more likely to report elevated depressive symptoms (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.00–1.93). Becoming or no longer being vitamin D deficient was, in the short term, not associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Further evidence is required on whether vitamin D supplementation might contribute to the prevention or treatment of depression as well as on the duration of time for changes in vitamin D levels to lead to detectable changes in depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals The relative contributions of obesity, vitamin D, leptin, and adiponectin to multiple sclerosis risk: A Mendelian randomization mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852199548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Harroud ◽  
Despoina Manousaki ◽  
Guillaume Butler-Laporte ◽  
Ruth E Mitchell ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To determine the extent to which decreased vitamin D bioavailability and altered levels of adiponectin and leptin mediate the association between obesity and MS. Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the effects on MS of body mass index (BMI), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), adiponectin, and leptin levels in a cohort of 14,802 MS cases and 26,703 controls. We then estimated the proportion of the effect of obesity on MS explained by these potential mediators. Results: Genetic predisposition to higher BMI was associated with increased MS risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33 per standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.63), while higher 25OHD levels reduced odds of MS (OR = 0.72 per SD, 95% CI = 0.60–0.87). In contrast, we observed no effect of adiponectin or leptin. In MR mediation analysis, 5.2% of the association between BMI and MS was attributed to obesity lowering 25OHD levels (95% CI = 0.3%–31.0%). Conclusions: This study found that a minority of the increased risk of MS conferred by obesity is mediated by lowered vitamin D levels, while leptin and adiponectin had no effect. Consequently, vitamin D supplementation would only modestly reverse the effect of obesity on MS.

scholarly journals (Preventing) two birds with one stone: improving vitamin D levels in the elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Lawless ◽  
Phil White ◽  
Prue Murdoch ◽  
Sharon Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: A majority of adults have sub-optimal vitamin D levels in the winter in southern New Zealand. This is associated with an increased risk of falls and fragility fractures in the elderly, with long-term adverse outcomes likely. Vitamin D supplementation decreases the risks of both falls and fractures. ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEM: An intervention was undertaken by a small urban general practice to increase the number of elderly patients receiving vitamin D supplementation by linking vitamin D prescription to the annual flu vaccination campaign. RESULTS: Uptake of the supplementation was high and costs to the practice low. Thirty-eight patients were identified for whom long-term supplementation with vitamin D was indicated. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT: The study could have been strengthened by incorporating a more formal method of evaluating uptake. LESSONS: Encouraging patients to take supplements as a population-based strategy is a realistic intervention, and linking it to the flu vaccination campaign is both seasonally appropriate and efficient. KEYWORDS: Vitamin D deficiency; elderly; vitamin D supplementation; cholecalciferol; prevention; fragility fractures; intervention

scholarly journals Vitamin D in Gambian children with discordant tuberculosis (TB) infection status despite matched TB exposure: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Stockdale ◽  
Basil Sambou ◽  
Muhamed Sissoko ◽  
Uzochukwu Egere ◽  
Abdou K. Sillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Large Phase

AbstractUsing a matched case control design conducted at MRC Gambia in 2015, we measured vitamin D levels in pairs of asymptomatic children with discordant tuberculin skin test status despite the same sleeping proximity to the same adult TB index case. Median ages of groups (infected; 10.0 years, uninfected 8.8 years) were not significantly different (p = 0.13). Mean vitamin D levels were 2.05 ng/mL (95% CI − 0.288 to 4.38) higher in 24 highly TB-exposed uninfected children compared with 24 matched highly TB-exposed infected children (p = 0.08). The findings warrant further investigation in larger studies to understand the implications and significance. Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were higher in TB-uninfected children compared with TB-infected despite equal high exposure to a TB case. What is Known:• Paediatrics TB represents one of the leading causes of child death globally.• Current literature shows an inconsistent relationship between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of TB disease however a large Phase 3 trial of vitamin D supplementation in (largely vitamin D deficient) Mongolian children did not find any association with TB infection rates. What is New:• This study adds to the literature in a vitamin D sufficient paediatric population whereby children with equal exposure to a household TB case with no evidence of TB infection have higher levels of vitamin D compared with matched children with TB infection.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Interleukin-6, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, and Fibrinogen with Oral Vitamin D Supplementation for Six Months in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus having Vitamin D Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullaiah Pasupuleti ◽  
M.M. Suchitra ◽  
Aparna R. Bitla ◽  
Alok Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Pai 1

Abstract Objectives Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with oxidative stress and inflammation causes endothelial dysfunction, which promotes cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D with its pleiotropic effect is said to protect against cardiovascular risk. However, with vitamin D deficiency being more prevalent in T2DM, the cardiovascular risk may get compounded. Materials and Methods An interventional study was conducted on 100 patients with T2DM having vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D < 20 ng/mL), who were given oral supplementation of 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D for a period of 6 months. Serum vitamin D, biomarkers of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized LDL (OxLDL), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), biomarkers of inflammation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and fibrinogen were measured at baseline and at the end of the third and sixth month of vitamin D supplementation. Statistical Analysis Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for comparison between baseline and third- and sixth-month data after vitamin D supplementation. Linear regression by generalized estimating equations (GEE), which grouped repeated measures for each subject and accounted for correlations that may occur from multiple observations within subjects, was applied. Results Serum vitamin D levels reached normal levels with a significant decrease in OxLDL, hsCRP, IL-6, PAI-1, and fibrinogen levels, with a significant increase in FRAP (p = 0.001) levels at the end of 6 months of vitamin D supplementation. These changes were observed even after correction with glycemic control (HbA1c). However, a significant decrease in MDA was observed only at the end of the sixth month of vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D levels showed a significant negative association with Ox-LDL, Hs-CRP, IL-6, PAI-1, and fibrinogen, even after adjusting for BMI and statin use (p = 0.001). Conclusion Supplementation of vitamin D for a period of 6 months in patients with T2DM having vitamin D deficiency is beneficial in the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Monitored Supplementation of Vitamin D in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Kołodziejczyk-Nowotarska ◽  
Renata Bokiniec ◽  
Joanna Seliga-Siwecka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Vitamin D Toxicity

Appropriate supplementation of vitamin D can affect infections, allergy, and mental and behavioral development. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of monitored vitamin D supplementation in a population of preterm infants. 109 preterm infants (24 0/7&ndash;32 6/7 weeks of gestation) were randomized to receive 500 IU vitamin D standard therapy (n=55; approximately 800-1000 IU from combined sources) or monitored therapy (n=54; with an option of dose modification). 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at birth, 4 weeks of age, and 35, 40, and 52&plusmn;2 weeks of post-conceptional age (PCA). Vitamin D supplementation was discontinued in 23% of infants subjected to standard treatment due to increased potentially toxic 25(OH)D concentrations (&amp;gt;90 ng/mL) at 40 weeks of PCA. A significantly higher infants&rsquo; percentage in the monitored group had safe vitamin D levels (20&ndash;80 ng/mL) at 52 weeks of PCA (p=0.017). We observed increased vitamin D levels and abnormal ultrasound findings in five infants. Biochemical markers of vitamin D toxicity were observed in two patients at 52 weeks of PCA in the control group. Inadequate and excessive amounts of vitamin D can lead to serious health problems. Supplementation with 800&ndash;1000 IU of vitamin D prevents deficiency and should be monitored to avoid overdose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document