scholarly journals Iris Colour and the Risk of Developing Uveal Melanoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7172
Author(s):  
Laurien E. Houtzagers ◽  
Annemijn P. A. Wierenga ◽  
Aleid A. M. Ruys ◽  
Gregorius P. M. Luyten ◽  
Martine J. Jager
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Iris Colour

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a global disease which especially occurs in elderly people. Its incidence varies widely between populations, with the highest incidence among Caucasians, and a South-to-North increase in Europe. As northern Europeans often have blond hair and light eyes, we wondered whether iris colour may be a predisposing factor for UM and if so, why. We compared the distribution of iris colour between Dutch UM patients and healthy Dutch controls, using data from the Rotterdam Study (RS), and reviewed the literature regarding iris colour. We describe molecular mechanisms that might explain the observed associations. When comparing a group of Dutch UM patients with controls, we observed that individuals from Caucasian ancestry with a green/hazel iris colour (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.64, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.57–5.14) and individuals with a blue/grey iris colour (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.82) had a significantly higher crude risk of UM than those with brown eyes. According to the literature, this may be due to a difference in the function of pheomelanin (associated with a light iris colour) and eumelanin (associated with a brown iris colour). The combination of light-induced stress and aging may affect pheomelanin-carrying melanocytes in a different way than eumelanin-carrying melanocytes, increasing the risk of developing a malignancy.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia with Tedizolid and Linezolid

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Yookyung Lee ◽  
Aisling R. Caffrey
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting System ◽  
Adverse Event Reporting ◽  
Reporting Odds Ratio ◽  
Event Reporting ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACT Several studies have suggested the risk of thrombocytopenia with tedizolid, a second-in-class oxazolidinone antibiotic (approved June 2014), is less than that observed with linezolid (first-in-class oxazolidinone). Using data from the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system (July 2014 through December 2016), we observed significantly increased risks of thrombocytopenia of similar magnitudes with both antibiotics: linezolid reporting odds ratio [ROR], 37.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.78 to 69.17); tedizolid ROR, 34.0 (95% CI, 4.67 to 247.30).

rs73185306 C/T Is Not a Predisposing Risk Factor for Inherited Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6A/B

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle Mouammine ◽  
Annie Gravel ◽  
Isabelle Dubuc ◽  
Yassamin Feroz Zada ◽  
Sylvie Provost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Chromosomal Integration ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Independent Cohort

Abstract Approximately 1% of people worldwide carry a copy of the human herpesvirus 6A or 6B (HHV-6A/B) in every cell of their body. This condition is referred to as inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6A/B (iciHHV-6A/B). The mechanisms leading to iciHHV-6A/B chromosomal integration are yet to be identified. A recent report suggested that the rs73185306 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) represents a favorable predisposing factor leading to HHV-6A/B integration. After genotype analysis of an independent cohort (N = 11 967), we report no association between the rs73185306 C/T SNP and HHV-6A/B chromosomal integration (odds ratio, 0.90 [95% confidence interval, .54–1.51]; P = .69).

Gastroenteritis in older people living in the community: results of two Australian surveys

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 2028-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. KIRK ◽  
G. V. HALL ◽  
N. BECKER
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
National Surveys

SUMMARYWe analysed two large national surveys conducted in 2001 and 2008 to examine incidence and outcomes of gastroenteritis in older Australians. A case was someone reporting ⩾3 loose stools or ⩾1 episode of vomiting in 24 h, excluding non-infectious causes. We compared cases arising in the elderly (⩾65 years) and in other adults (20–64 years). Elderly people experienced 0·33 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·24–0·42] episodes of gastroenteritis/person per year, compared to 0·95 (95% CI 0·74–1·15) in other adults. Elderly cases reported less stomach cramps, fever and myalgia than younger cases, and were more likely to be hospitalized, although this was not statistically significant. In multivariable analysis, gastroenteritis in elderly people was associated with travelling within the state (odds ratio 1·35, 95% CI 1·07–1·71). Elderly people were less concerned about food safety than other adults. Older Australians were less likely to report gastroenteritis and experienced different symptoms and outcomes from other adults.

scholarly journals Pubertal maturation and affective symptoms in adolescence and adulthood: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1331-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Gaysina ◽  
Marcus Richards ◽  
Diana Kuh ◽  
Rebecca Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Maturation ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThe higher prevalence of affective symptoms among women compared to men emerges in adolescence, and it has been associated with pubertal maturation. However, it remains unclear whether pubertal timing has long-term influences on affective symptoms. Using data from the British 1946 birth cohort, we investigated whether pubertal timing was associated with affective symptoms over the life course, distinguishing those with symptoms in adolescence only, symptoms in adulthood only, and symptoms in both adolescence and adulthood. In females, there was no evidence that early pubertal maturation was a risk factor for affective symptoms. However, those with particularly late menarche (≥15 years) showed a lower risk of adult-onset affective symptoms (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% confidence interval = 0.31, 0.95). This effect of late pubertal timing was not explained by a range of sociobehavioral factors. In contrast, in males, late pubertal timing was associated with increased risk of adolescent-onset affective symptoms that tracked into adulthood (odds ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.44, 3.06). This effect was partly explained by low prepubertal body mass index. Sex-specific effects of pubertal timing on the long-term risk of affective symptoms might be due to different effects of gonadal hormonal on the central nervous system, as well as different social experiences during puberty.

scholarly journals Importance of Will in Resilience and Recovery: Findings From the BLSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 829-829
Author(s):  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
Michael Griswold ◽  
B Gwen Windham
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Mastery ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Using data from 743 initially well-functioning men and women (49.5%) aged ≥60 in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging we interrogated the association between physical reserve operationalized as fast 400m walk performance scaled from 0 to 4 and psychological reserve (“will”) operationalized as personal mastery (high versus not) and likelihood of recovery from a decline of ≥2 points in reported walking ability. Of the 35% who declined 1-2 years post study baseline, 54% recovered 1-2 years later and 45% did not. Controlling for age, sex, race and initial walking ability, for each increment in reserve, likelihood of recovery was 43% greater (95% confidence interval (1.10, 1.85); p=.007). This association was most pronounced in women (odds ratio=1.84; 95% CI (1.19, 2.86; p=.006). Personal mastery showed no association with likelihood of recovery. Continuing work will further explore alternative operationalizations of “will”. Part of a symposium sponsored by Epidemiology of Aging Interest Group.

Pattern of psychotropic medication use over two decades in Australian women

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1212-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L Stuart ◽  
Mohammadreza Mohebbi ◽  
Julie A Pasco ◽  
Shae E Quirk ◽  
Sharon L Brennan-Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Geelong Osteoporosis Study ◽  
Using Data

Objective: Few population-based studies have been used to investigate secular trends in psychotropic medication use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine psychotropic medication use over time using data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, an on-going, population-based, cohort study of Australian women. Methods: Of the 1494 women recruited at Time 1 (1993–1997), self-reported medication use from Time 2 (2004–2008) and/or Time 3 (2011–2014) was available for 889 women. Prevalence of antidepressant/antipsychotic/anxiolytic/sedative/anticonvulsant use by age and cohort strata was calculated using bootstrapping methods. Simultaneous age-cohort patterns were evaluated using logistic regression techniques. Results: The prevalence of any psychotropic medication use increased from 8.0% (95% confidence interval = [6.3, 9.8]) at Time 1 to 26.0% (95% confidence interval = [22.4, 29.4]) at Time 3, translating to a 4.3-fold increase in the likelihood of psychotropic medication use over the study period (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% confidence interval = [3.2, 5.8], p < 0.001). This increase was driven by the use of antidepressants (odds ratio = 6.4, 95% confidence interval = [4.2, 9.5], p < 0.001) and anticonvulsants (odds ratio = 4.4, 95% confidence interval = [1.8, 11.1]) and modest increases in the use of anxiolytic agents (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = [1.1, 3.1]) and sedatives (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = [1.6, 1.9]). The prevalence of any psychotropic medication use increased with increasing age (40–59.9 years: odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = [1.5, 2.6]; 60–79.9 years: odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval = [1.9, 3.5], compared to the 20- to 39.9-year group). Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increased dramatically over the study period (odds ratio = 15.3, 95% confidence interval = [7.0, 33.4]). Conclusion: Use of psychotropic medication has increased substantially over the past two decades, especially among older women. Further investigations into the correlates and outcomes of the increased use of psychotropic medications are warranted.

Assisted conception and the risk of CHD: a case–control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie J. Schofield ◽  
Victoria L. Doughty ◽  
Nicole van Stiphout ◽  
Rodney C. G. Franklin ◽  
Mark R. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Assisted Conception ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Royal Brompton Hospital ◽  
Using Data

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggest a higher prevalence of congenital malformations in children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies. There are a few studies that address CHD specifically and most have examined data from registries. We examined the relationship between CHD and assisted conception using data collected in a specialist paediatric cardiac service in the United Kingdom.Between April, 2010 and July, 2011, the parents of children attending paediatric cardiology clinics at the Royal Brompton Hospital, London, were invited to complete a questionnaire that enquired about the nature of their child’s conception, the route for their original referral, and a number of potential confounding exposures. “Cases” were defined as children diagnosed with one or more carefully defined CHDs and “controls” as those with normal hearts.Of 894 new attendees with complete data, half of them were cases (n=410, 45.9%). The overall prevalence of assisted conception was 5.4% (n=44). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a non-significant increase in the crude odds for the use of assisted reproduction (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.66–2.22) in this group. After adjustment for gestation, parity, year of birth, and maternal age, the odds ratio reduced (odds ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.48–1.88). Increased rates of assisted conception were observed in a number of CHD subgroups, although no significant differences were found.These findings do not suggest an overall association between CHD and assisted reproduction in this population.

Declining Use of Firearms to Commit Suicide in Alabama in the 1980s

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiepu Liu ◽  
John W. Waterbor
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Firearm Suicide ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Commit Suicide

Differences and trends of methods in suicide were examined using data from 1980 through 1989 in Alabama, with special attention to compare firearm versus non-firearm suicide. It was found that 78.7 percent of suicides were victims of firearms. Whites had a higher risk of using firearms in suicide than nonwhites with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–1.5). The OR for males compared to females was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5–2.1). Comparing to single marital status, married, widowed, and divorced people all had increased risks of using firearms. People living in rural areas were more likely to use firearms in suicide than those living in urban areas. There was an increasing trend of firearm use with age. However, the risk of using firearms to commit suicide has declined in recent years in contrast to previous reports. The recent change in trend of firearm suicide in Alabama should be examined in other states.

scholarly journals Sex modulates the association of radial artery augmentation index with renal function decline in individuals without chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Qin ◽  
Fangfang Fan ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Bo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Renal Function Decline

Abstract Purpose An increase in arterial stiffness is associated with rapid renal function decline (RFD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the radial augmentation index (rAI), a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness, affects RFD in individuals without CKD. Methods A total of 3165 Chinese participants from an atherosclerosis cohort with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) of ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included in this study. The baseline rAI normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats/min (rAIp75) was obtained using an arterial applanation tonometry probe. The eGFRs at both baseline and follow-up were calculated using the equation derived from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The association of the rAIp75 with RFD (defined as a drop in the eGFR category accompanied by a ≥ 25% drop in eGFR from baseline or a sustained decline in eGFR of > 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) was evaluated using the multivariate regression model. Results During the 2.35-year follow-up, the incidence of RFD was 7.30%. The rAIp75 had no statistically independent association with RFD after adjustment for possible confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.27, p = 0.074). When stratified according to sex, the rAIp75 was significantly associated with RFD in women, but not in men (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.23[1.06–1.43], p = 0.007 for women, 0.94[0.76–1.16], p = 0.542 for men; p for interaction = 0.038). Conclusion The rAI might help screen for those at high risk of early rapid RFD in women without CKD.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

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