scholarly journals Development of Atropa belladonna L. Plants with High-Yield Hyoscyamine and without Its Derivatives Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Lingjiang Zeng ◽  
Qiaozhuo Zhang ◽  
Chunxue Jiang ◽  
Yueyue Zheng ◽  
Youwei Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
First Time

Atropa belladonna L. is one of the most important herbal plants that produces hyoscyamine or atropine, and it also produces anisodamine and scopolamine. However, the in planta hyoscyamine content is very low, and it is difficult and expensive to independently separate hyoscyamine from the tropane alkaloids in A. belladonna. Therefore, it is vital to develop A. belladonna plants with high yields of hyoscyamine, and without anisodamine and scopolamine. In this study, we generated A. belladonna plants without anisodamine and scopolamine, via the CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (AbH6H), for the first time. Hyoscyamine production was significantly elevated, while neither anisodamine nor scopolamine were produced, in the A. belladonna plants with homozygous mutations in AbH6H. In summary, new varieties of A. belladonna with high yields of hyoscyamine and without anisodamine and scopolamine have great potential applicability in producing hyoscyamine at a low cost.

scholarly journals Preparation of a whole cell catalyst overexpressing acetohydroxyacid synthase of Thermotoga maritima and its application in the syntheses of α-hydroxyketones

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Fei Liang ◽  
Le-Tian Yan ◽  
Qiao Yue ◽  
Ji-Kui Zhao ◽  
Cai-Yun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Yield ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Thermotoga Maritima ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
High Yields ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excellent Stability

Abstract The large catalytic subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS, EC 2.2.1.6) of Thermotoga maritima (TmcAHAS) was prepared in this study. It possesses high specific activity and excellent stability. The protein and a whole cell catalyst overexpressing the protein were applied to the preparation of α-hydroxyketones including acetoin (AC), 3-hydroxy-2-pentanone (HP), and (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol (R-PAC). The results show that AC and HP could be produced in high yields (84% and 62%, respectively), while R-PAC could be synthesized in a high yield (about 78%) with an R/S ratio of 9:1. Therefore, TmcAHAS and the whole cell catalyst overexpressing the protein could be practically useful bio-catalysts in the preparation of α-hydroxyketones including AC, HP, and R-PAC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that bacterial AHAS was used as a catalyst to prepare HP with a good yield, and also the first time that TmcAHAS was employed to synthesize AC and R-PAC.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis and crop productivity is enhanced by glucose-functionalized fluorescent carbon dots

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Swift ◽  
Daniel Fagan ◽  
David Benito-Alifonso ◽  
Stephen A. Hill ◽  
Marian L. Yallop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Functional Nanomaterial ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTFrom global food security to textile production and biofuels, the demands currently made on plant photosynthetic productivity will continue to increase. Enhancing photosynthesis using designer, green and sustainable materials offers an attractive alternative to current genetic-based strategies and promising work with nanomaterials has recently started to emerge. Here we describe in planta use of carbon-based nanoparticles produced by low-cost renewable routes that are bioavailable to mature plants. Uptake of these functionalised nanoparticles from the soil improves photosynthesis and also increases crop production. We show for the first time that glucose-functionalization enhances nanoparticle uptake, photoprotection and pigment production, unlocking enhanced yields. This is demonstrated in Triticum aestivum ‘Apogee’ (dwarf bread wheat) and results in an 18% increase in grain yield. This establishes the viability of a functional nanomaterial to augment photosynthesis as a route to increased crop productivity.

scholarly journals A green approach to electrosynthesis of chromeno[3’,4’:5,6] pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidines

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Kazemi-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
High Yields

Eletrochemistry is a broad, useful, and selective technique method in many research fields. Among them, the investigation of performance of electrochemical methods in determination, synthesis and selective reduction/oxidation of different elements and molecules have attracted growing attention due their intrinsic advantages such as selectivity, low cost, and high yield of synthesis. Moreover, electrocatalytic synthesis of organic molecules is known as a green and environmentally benign method. In the present form, electrocatalytic multicomponent transformation of barbituric acid, aromatic aldehydes, and 4-hydroxycumarin was carried out. The electrocatalytic transformation was done in alcohols in the presence of tetrabutylammounium flouride as an electrolyte in an undivided cell containing an iron electrode as the cathode and a Pt electrode as the anode at a constant current leads to substituted chromeno[3’,4’:5,6] pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidines in good to high yields (54-92%) at room temperature. The yield of reaction was obtained by gravimetric analysis and calculated upon theoretical conversion.

scholarly journals Non-drug hemp, as a new variety of Cannabis sativa L. convar. non-narcotic Vyrovets

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
V. H. Vyrovets ◽  
I. M. Layko ◽  
L. M. Horshkova ◽  
S. V. Mishchenko ◽  
G. I. Kirichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
First Time

Aim. In the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, there were significant changes in the hemp growing that affected the improvement of morphological, biological and economic properties, by providing the opportunity, on the example of new varieties, to declare the creation of a new subset of sown hemp in which the main achievements of breeders and seedlings were accumulated. Methods. With the creation of the Institute of Bast Crops, scientific breeding has begun, based on improved and developed new breeding methods that include several significant steps as increasing of the yield of created monoecious form, as the elimination of their narcotic properties. Results. For the first time in the world, non-drug hemp that can produce high yields of straw, fiber and seeds while maintaining immunity to damage to pests and diseases were created. Conclusions. Responding to the doubts of tax of collectors and botanists about the classification of the hemp family, we share the opinion of the first scientists and our teachers that include Cannabis sativa L. and Cannabis indica L. to one species of Cannabis sativa L., combining all kinds and varieties. The elimination of a number of high-yielding varieties of non-drug monoecious hemp, which became the result of long-term breeding, testifies the creation of a new variety of Cannabis sativa L. convar non-narcotic Vyrovets, emphasizing the leadership and executive role of Professor V. Vyrovets during a long selection process. Keywords: hemp, genus, variety, geographical types, selection, productivity, elimination of narcotic.

scholarly journals KxWO Is a Novel Ferroelectric Nanomaterial for Application as a Room Temperature Acetone Sensor

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Johnson ◽  
Qifeng Zhang ◽  
Danling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ferroelectric Property ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
High Yield ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acetone Sensor ◽  
Sensing Performance

A newly synthesized nanomaterial known as KxW7O22 (KxWO) exhibits a stable room-temperature ferroelectric property. This unique ferroelectric property has revealed that KxWO is a promising material for application in a breath sensor, which can be used for patients to monitor their daily health condition and diagnose disease at every early stage with low cost, convenience, and non-invasion. In this study, we successfully synthesized nano-structured KxWO through a low cost but high yield hydrothermal method. The sensing response of KxWO to acetone is examined based on a chemiresistive effect. For the first time, we systematically studied how material structures and the component, potassium (K), can affect KxWO-based sensing performance. The results indicate that the low temperature ferroelectric property of KxWO causes an excellent response to acetone, which is the biomarker for diabetes. The lowest detection limit can be down to 0.1 ppm and the KxWO-based sensor can operate at room temperature. In addition, the Kx component KxWO and its crystal structure also play an important role in improving its sensing performance. Our results provide advanced research in (1) exploring the study of KxWO material properties by tailoring the concentration of the potassium in KxWO and introducing the surfactant Pluronic L-121 in the growing process, and (2) optimizing KxWO sensing performance by controlling its material properties.

Economic and biological value of pea varieties in solving the protein problem under environment the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
I. N. Porsev ◽  
A. V. Viyunik ◽  
V. V. Polovnikova ◽  
O. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
High Yields

Under the conditions of the Trans-Urals the cultivation of varieties of field pea allows us to get high yields, not inferior to grain, provides high profitability and solves the problem of protein in animal husbandry. Its inclusion in the crop rotation contributes to the improvement of soil fertility, yield and product quality of subsequent crops. Pea seeds depending on the variety and cultivation conditions contain (in % per dry matter): 9–15 water, 18–35 protein, 46–60 nitrogen-free extractives (including 20–50 % starch, 4–10 % sugars), 0,6–1,5 fat, 2–10 fiber, 2–4 ash. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and biological value of varieties of field pea and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on crop yield under the conditions of the Trans-Urals. According to the results of three years of study a good level of yield was noted in the varieties recommended for cultivation in the Ural region, which includes the Kurgan region: Aksaysky Usaty 55–2,47 t/ha; Agrointel – 1,88 t/ha, Zauralsky 3–2,12 t/ha, Samarius – 2,40 t/ha. Among the new varieties the high yield was shown by the varieties Kulon – 2,75 t/ha, Yamal 305–1,94 t/ha, Chevron – 1,84 t/ha. The increase in the seed yield of pea varieties with the use of urea (N₃₀) was noted for all the studied varieties. So, for example, for Sibur 2 variety by 1,11 times, for Aksaysky Usaty 55 and Samat varieties by 1,12, for Samarius variety by 1,15 times. The use of urea and double superphosphate (N₃₀P₃₀) to obtain the maximum yield for the studied varieties of peas allowed to increase the yield for the variety Aksaysky Usaty 55 by 1,18 times, Samat and Sibur 2 by 1,17, Samarius by 1,2 times.

scholarly journals Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saban Kalay ◽  
Zehra Yilmaz ◽  
Mustafa Çulha
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
First Time

Colemanite (Ca2B6O11·5H2O) is a natural and new precursor material for the synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). BNNTs have been synthesized from unprocessed colemanite for the first time. The reaction parameters such as time, catalyst type, catalyst amount and temperature were optimized. It was found that the BNNT formation follows the base growth mechanism, which was initiated with a complex of boron nitride (BN) and iron atoms. The obtained BNNTs were characterized by using SEM, TEM, and spectroscopic techniques such as UV–vis, Raman, FTIR and XRD. The BNNTs were randomly oriented and multi-walled with an outer diameter of 10–30 nm and a wall thickness of 5 nm. This novel BNNT synthesis method can be used to obtain high yield, low cost and pure BNNTs.

scholarly journals Graphene Quantum Dots with High Yield and High Quality Synthesized from Low Cost Precursor of Aphanitic Graphite

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuling Shen ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Zhujun Wu ◽  
Zheng Du ◽  
Zhihong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots ◽  
2D Nanosheets ◽  
First Time

It is difficult to keep the balance of high quality and high yield for graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Because the quality is uncontrollable during cutting large 2D nanosheets to small 0D nanodots by top-down methods and the yield is low for GQDs with high quality obtained from bottom-up strategy. Here, aphanitic graphite (AG), a low-cost graphite contains a large amount of small graphite nanocrystals with size of about 10 nm is used as the precursor of graphene oxide quantum dots (GO-QDs) for the first time. GO-QDs with high yield and high quality were successfully obtained directly by liquid phase exfoliating AG without high strength cutting. The yield of these GO-QDs can reach up to 40 wt. %, much higher than that obtained from flake graphite (FG) precursor (less than 10 wt. %). The size of GO-QDs can be controlled in 2–10 nm. The average thickness of GO-QDs is about 3 nm, less than 3 layer of graphene sheet. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with different surface properties can be easily obtained by simple hydrothermal treatment of GO-QDs, which can be used as highly efficient fluorescent probe. Developing AG as precursor for GQDs offers a way to produce GQDs in a low-cost, highly effective and scalable manner.

scholarly journals Promising varieties of fiber and oil flax plants for agricultural technologies of Trans-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00096
Author(s):  
Igor Porsev ◽  
Andrey Sozinov ◽  
Georgy Karpov ◽  
Ksenia Salomatina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Processing Enterprise

Cultivation of fiber flax and oil flax in Kurgan region is of current interest due to the presence of flax seed and straw processing enterprise – SUE Len Zauralya, Kurgan. To increase the production of highquality flaxseed oil and flax products, the level of flax production should be increased via theoretically substantiated cultivation technologies. Propagating a new variety, plant breeders consider the needs of two categories of consumers – flax producers and flax processors. Some of them need fiber flax varieties of high yield (seed and fiber) and high fiber quality resistant to diseases and lodging, adapted to conditions of Trans-Urals and Siberia. Other consumers need fiber flax varieties that meet numerous requirements of textile, construction, automotive, aviation, medical, and other sectors of the economy, and are suitable for processing by state-of-the-art flax processing equipment. The approach to develop a variety has currently become targeted and customized. Varieties grown in the study area and used as a standard showed high fiber yields: Tomsky 17 – 0.68 t/ha, Tomsky 18 – 0.69 t/ha. The results of the three-year study showed high yields of new varieties: Tost 3 – 0.98 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.86 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.82 t/ha. The fiber yield of these varieties was also high: Tost 3 – 0.71 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.68 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.66 t/ha.

scholarly journals Genetic and Agronomic Analysis of Latvian Fescue (Festuca Spp.), Ryegrass (Lolium Spp.) Accessions and their Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Pēteris Bērziņš ◽  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Sarmīte Rancāne ◽  
Vija Stesele ◽  
Ivo Vēzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
High Feed ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields

Abstract The development of ecologically adaptable fodder crop varieties is of increasing importance, particularly in the context of climate change. New varieties should be phenotypically and ecologically plastic and able to adapt to differing climactic and soil conditions, ensuring high yields and persistence. Combining Festuca and Lolium species and the development of hybrid (Festulolium) cultivars can be a promising method of combining high yield, high feed quality, persistence, as well as cold, frost and drought tolerance. Breeders at the Institute of Agriculture of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies have been utilizing Festulolium germplasm for several decades. Currently, in cooperation with the molecular genetics laboratory and Latvian gene bank at the Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, analysis of Festuca, Lolium and their hybrids with DNA markers has been initiated, in order to gain additional knowledge about the breeding material and to increase the efficiency of the breeding process. Results of the assessment of morphological and agronomic traits in long-term field trials are combined with DNA markers analyses in order to determine the correlation of genetic and phenotypic traits.

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