Economic and biological value of pea varieties in solving the protein problem under environment the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
I. N. Porsev ◽  
A. V. Viyunik ◽  
V. V. Polovnikova ◽  
O. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
High Yields

Under the conditions of the Trans-Urals the cultivation of varieties of field pea allows us to get high yields, not inferior to grain, provides high profitability and solves the problem of protein in animal husbandry. Its inclusion in the crop rotation contributes to the improvement of soil fertility, yield and product quality of subsequent crops. Pea seeds depending on the variety and cultivation conditions contain (in % per dry matter): 9–15 water, 18–35 protein, 46–60 nitrogen-free extractives (including 20–50 % starch, 4–10 % sugars), 0,6–1,5 fat, 2–10 fiber, 2–4 ash. The purpose of the research was to determine the economic and biological value of varieties of field pea and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on crop yield under the conditions of the Trans-Urals. According to the results of three years of study a good level of yield was noted in the varieties recommended for cultivation in the Ural region, which includes the Kurgan region: Aksaysky Usaty 55–2,47 t/ha; Agrointel – 1,88 t/ha, Zauralsky 3–2,12 t/ha, Samarius – 2,40 t/ha. Among the new varieties the high yield was shown by the varieties Kulon – 2,75 t/ha, Yamal 305–1,94 t/ha, Chevron – 1,84 t/ha. The increase in the seed yield of pea varieties with the use of urea (N₃₀) was noted for all the studied varieties. So, for example, for Sibur 2 variety by 1,11 times, for Aksaysky Usaty 55 and Samat varieties by 1,12, for Samarius variety by 1,15 times. The use of urea and double superphosphate (N₃₀P₃₀) to obtain the maximum yield for the studied varieties of peas allowed to increase the yield for the variety Aksaysky Usaty 55 by 1,18 times, Samat and Sibur 2 by 1,17, Samarius by 1,2 times.

scholarly journals Qualitative traits of grain and flour of the winter soft wheat lines

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Kravchenko ◽  
Е. V. Ionova ◽  
N. N. Vozhzhova ◽  
I. М. Oldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Grain Unit ◽  
Wheat Lines

There have been studied physical, flour-milling, technological features of the grain of the new varieties and lines of winter soft wheat developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the study is to identify samples with high quality of grain, flour, rheological properties of dough and baking profits. High values of grain unit and general vitreousness of grain are revealed. The samples “1237/13” (14.6%), “1261/13” (14.5%) and “Nakhodka” (14.5%) formed protein content at the level of strong wheat of the 1st class (not less than 14.5%). The varieties “Tanais” (30.9%), “Aksiniya” (30.2%), “Nakhodka” (29.5%), “Donskaya step” (28.6%) and the line “1261/13” (28.4%) showed high content of gluten in the grain of the 2nd class of quality. The studied varieties and lines of winter wheat were characterized by a high yield of flour, more than 70%. The maximum yield of flour was obtained in the variet­ies “Tanais” (74.5%), “Ermak” (74.1%) and the line “1261/13” (74.2%). According to the color, the flour of the samples (54.0–80.0 con­ventional units) “Aksiniya” (55.64 conv. units), “Nakhodka” (55.18 conv. units), “Kipchak” (54.01 conv. units), “Bonus” (54.90 conv. units), “Kazachka” (54.40 conv. units) and the line “1261/13” (54.30 conv. units) corresponded to the highest grade. There were identi­fied variety differences in flour color and ash content, which the quality of the end product largely depends on. The 6 studied varieties “Yubiley Dona” (342 u. a.), “Nakhodka” (311 u. a.), “Shef” (292 u. a.), “Kipchak” (290 u. a.), “Tanais” (289 u. a.) and “Aksiniya” (289 u. a.) showed high rheological properties of the dough at the level of strong wheat. There were identified the samples with high yield of bread “Nakhodka” (705 ml), “Aksiniya” (695 ml) and “Donskaya Step” (685 ml), which corresponded to the class of strong wheat. The identi­fied varieties and lines can be used in the breeding process as the sources with high grain quality and baking properties.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and biochemical value of Brassica L. cabbage plants

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Аrtemieva ◽  
A. Е. Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Ornamental Crops

Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) is one of the most important metasperms. Kale Brassica includes economically important vegetable, forage, oil-bearing, ornamental crops and it is widespread in the world. This is explained by variety of food organs, high yield, environmental plasticity, different ways of food use and valuable biochemical composition. One of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of vegetables is seen as increasing the number of cultivated vegetables and their varietal diversity. The authors speak about necessity to breed new varieties and hybrids of cabbage crops, not represented in the state register, as well as missing types of varieties in order to expand the range of vegetables. The paper points out that cultivation in the Asian part of Russia requires the varieties and hybrids of all cabbage crops that combine high productivity and complex resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, eco-friendly, high-quality, with a different period of vegetation, including for horticultural use. The authors focus on increasing the nutritional value of vegetables and higher number of biologically active matters for making functional products. It is important and necessary to search within each cabbage for forms that combine productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors when being grown in different environmental and geographical areas with a valuable biochemical composition. This allows to use efficiently cultivated and recommended for cultivation in the Asian part of Russia types and forms of Brassica L. vegetables. It is necessary for dietetic nutrition and raw materials in medical industry. All varieties of cabbage plants are supposed to be significant and reliable basis for improving population health and life expectancy taking into account existing environmental problems in the regions of Asian Russia.

scholarly journals Production of itaconic acid from alkali pretreated lignin by dynamic two stage bioconversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua R. Elmore ◽  
Gara N. Dexter ◽  
Davinia Salvachúa ◽  
Jessica Martinez-Baird ◽  
E. Anne Hatmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
High Yields

AbstractExpanding the portfolio of products that can be made from lignin will be critical to enabling a viable bio-based economy. Here, we engineer Pseudomonas putida for high-yield production of the tricarboxylic acid cycle-derived building block chemical, itaconic acid, from model aromatic compounds and aromatics derived from lignin. We develop a nitrogen starvation-detecting biosensor for dynamic two-stage bioproduction in which itaconic acid is produced during a non-growth associated production phase. Through the use of two distinct itaconic acid production pathways, the tuning of TCA cycle gene expression, deletion of competing pathways, and dynamic regulation, we achieve an overall maximum yield of 56% (mol/mol) and titer of 1.3 g/L from p-coumarate, and 1.4 g/L titer from monomeric aromatic compounds produced from alkali-treated lignin. This work illustrates a proof-of-principle that using dynamic metabolic control to reroute carbon after it enters central metabolism enables production of valuable chemicals from lignin at high yields by relieving the burden of constitutively expressing toxic heterologous pathways.

scholarly journals The effect of humic preparations on the productivity and quality of the crop of potato varieties with purple pulp of tubers

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
З.И. Усанова ◽  
С.Е. Прядеин
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spraying Plants

Представлены результаты исследований с новыми сортами картофеля в 2017-2019 годы на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой хорошо окультуренной почве в севообороте ИП Глава КФХ «Анкинович». Цель работы – выявить эффективность применения гуминовых препаратов для некорневых подкормок новых сортов картофеля с сине-пестрой и фиолетовой мякотью клубней при их возделывании по экологически безопасной технологии. В трехфакторном опыте изучали факторы: А – сорт: Скарб, Северное сияние, Аметист; В – фон минерального питания: 1 – NPK на урожай 30 т/га, 2 – NPK на урожай 40 т/га; С – некорневые подкормки: 1 – вода (контроль), 2 – Гуматадор, 3 – Гумат+7, при высоте растений 15-20 см и в фазу бутонизации. Сорт Северное сияние имеет сине-пеструю; Аметист – фиолетовую мякоть клубней. Исследования выполнены по существующим современным методикам. В результате изучения особенностей роста и развития не выявлено существенных различий между сортами и вариантами некорневых подкормок в прохождении фаз развития. Разница в показаниях не превышала 1-2 дней. Применение гуминовых препаратов повышает суточные приросты клубней, клубнеобразование, массу клубней с одного растения, крупность клубней и урожайность сортов картофеля. Наибольший прирост урожая обеспечивают некорневые подкормки препаратом Гумат+7: на умеренном фоне в среднем по сортам 5,63 т/га (14,9%), на оптимальном – 13,55 т/га (32,24%). Наибольшая урожайность, в среднем за три года, (62,4 т/га) получена у сорта Аметист на оптимальном фоне при опрыскивании растений препаратом Гумат+7. Гуминовые препараты повышали содержание питательных веществ в клубнях: на умеренном фоне в большей мере Гуматадор, на оптимальном – Гумат+7.Более высоким содержанием сухого вещества и крахмала в клубнях отличался сорт Северное сияние, сырого протеина – сорта Скарб и Аметист. Увеличение доз NPK на оптимальном фоне повышает содержание сырого протеина в клубнях на 0,82% и незначительно снижает содержание сухого вещества (на 0,13%) и крахмала (на 0,1%). The results of studies with new varieties of potatoes in 2017–2019 are presented. on sod-podzolic light loamy well-cultivated soil in the crop rotation IP, Head of the Ankinovich farm. The purpose of the work is to identify the effectiveness of using humic preparations for foliar feeding of new varieties of potatoes with blue-motley and purple pulp of tubers when cultivating them using environmentally friendly technology. In three factorial experiments, factors were studied: A – varieties: Scarb, Severnoye siyanie, Ametist; В – background of mineral nutrition: 1– NPK for yield 30 t/ha, 2 – NPK for yield 40 t/ha; C – foliar top dressing: 1 – water (control), 2 – Gumatador, 3 – Gumat + 7, with a plant height of 15-24 cm and in the budding phase. The Severnoye siyanie variety has a blue-motley; Ametist – purple tuber pulp. The studies were performed according to existing modern methods. As a result of the study of growth and development features, no significant differences were found between varieties and variants of non-root feedings in the course of development phases. The difference in readings did not exceed 1-2 days. The use of humic preparations increases the daily growth of tubers, tuberization, the mass of tubers from 1 plant, the size of tubers and the yield of potato varieties. The highest yield increases are provided by non-root fertilizing with Gumat + 7: on a moderate background, the average for varieties is 5.63 t/ha (14.9%), on an optimal one – 13.55 t/ha (32.24%). The maximum yield, on average for 3 years, (62.4 t/ha) was obtained for the amethyst variety on an optimal background when spraying plants with Gumat + 7. Humic preparations increased the content of nutrients in tubers: on a moderate background, more Gumatador, on an optimal background – Gumat + 7. The Severnoye Siyanie variety had a higher content of dry matter and starch in the tubers, while the raw protein varieties were Skarb and Ametist under increasing NPK doses on optimal background.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment and scientific support of seed breeding of the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Elena Vertikova ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields

The article characterizes the advantages of sudangrass, presents its comparative assessment, and gives recommendations for the cultivation of a new variety Evgeniya for seeds. Implementation of the program for the development of forage production in Russia and other countries implies not only the creation of new varieties but also the promotion of their introduction. This study aims to test the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass and refine the cultivation techniques for obtaining high-quality seeds in the Volga region. For a period of 2 years, we studied the new promising variety, new lines that were obtained during interspecific, intraspecific, and intervarietal crossings carried out in different years, and new varieties of sudangrass recommended for cultivation in the region. The Yubileinaya 20 and Zonalskaya 6 varieties of sudangrass were used as standards. Field studies were carried out in 2017-2019. It was found that the new variety Evgeniya was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. The variety had several biometric and biological features, such as thin stems and high yields, so we studied the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates not only on yield but on seed quality. To obtain the maximum yield of high-quality seeds, Evgeniya sudangrass must be sown with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 mln. viable seeds per hectare and row spacing of 30 cm.

scholarly journals Effects of Host Plant Resistance and Fungicides on Severity of Cucumber Downy Mildew

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Call ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Gerald J. Holmes ◽  
Peter S. Ojiambo
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Cucurbit downy mildew caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. And Curt) Rostov is a major disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (Palti and Cohen, 1980) globally. Chemical control of downy mildew is necessary to achieve high yields in the absence of adequate host plant resistance. Most of the currently grown cultivars have some resistance to downy mildew. Before the resurgence of the disease in 2004, host plant resistance was sufficient to control the disease without fungicide use, and downy mildew was only a minor problem on cucumber. There are currently no cultivars that show resistance at a level equal to that observed before 2004. However, differences in resistance exist among cultivars, ranging from moderately resistant to highly susceptible. In this study, we evaluated the disease severity and yield of four cucumber cultivars that differed in disease resistance and were treated with fungicide programs representing a range of efficacy levels. The experiment was a split plot design with six replications and four years. Disease was evaluated as chlorosis, necrosis, and reduction in plant size on a 0 to 9 scale. Cultigen had a large effect in all four years. Fungicide has a smaller effect on resistance component traits and a larger effect on yield traits. The effects of cultivar resistance and fungicides appear to be additive until a threshold where maximum yield is reached. Highly resistant cultigens such as PI 197088 required only the least effective fungicides to achieve highest yields, whereas moderately resistant cultigens required a more effective fungicide to reach a similar level of yield. Susceptible cultigens did not achieve high yield even with the most effective fungicide treatments. It is likely that, even as highly resistant cultivars are released, growers will need to continue a minimal fungicide program to achieve maximum yield.

scholarly journals Effects of genotype and mechanical damage during harvest on field pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed quality

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djura Karagic ◽  
Slobodan Katic ◽  
Aleksandar Mikic ◽  
Milka Vujakovic ◽  
Dragan Milic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Pea Seeds

Three field pea genotypes (NS Junior, Jezero and Javor) have been assessed for effects of genotype and mechanical damage during harvest on most important parameters of the physical quality of seed. Four harvest treatments were examined (hand harvest, mechanized harvest at 500, 650 and 800 rpm). After harvest, purity of harvested seed and percentages of seeds damaged by insects, seeds with cracked seed coat and broken seeds were analyzed. Highest contents of seeds with damaged seed coat (9.0%) and broken seeds (11.3%) were found in Javor, the genotype with largest seeds. After seed processing, seed vigor, germination, proportion of atypical seedlings and 1000-seed weight were determined. Lowest values of seed vigor and germination (79.8% and 84.9%, respectively) and the largest proportion of atypical seedlings (11.4%) were found in the genotype Javor. Highly significant correlations were found between seed vigor, germination and atypical seedlings on one side and 1000-seed weight on the other (r=-0.53, r=-0.51, and r=0.60, respectively). Damages that increase the portion of atypical seedlings have the largest impact on the quality of pea seeds. This characteristic is determined by the genotype, which should be kept in mind when defining objectives of field pea breeding programs.

scholarly journals New Polish cultivars of flax resistant to Fusarium wilt

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 565-568
Author(s):  
A. Andruszewska ◽  
K. Langner ◽  
M. Byczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

The breeders consider the lack of resistance of fibrous flax cultivars to Fusarium wilt the main problem in flax cultivation in Poland. The resistance to diseases, lodging, the quality of fiber and adaptation to local climatic conditions are the main factors that have to be taken into consideration when high yields are involved. Therefore, the selected cultivars must be characterized by these features. In breeding process, conducted at the Institute of Natural Fibres in Poznań, the breeding lines of flax were tested in F4, F5, F8 and F10 in different years. The tests were conducted in provocative conditions. The main aim of breeding of flax is obtaining of new cultivars having the resistance genes to Fusarium wilt and genes responsible for high yields. Such genotypes were obtained from crossings between cultivars grown in Poland and cultivars characterized by high quality of fiber, high yield of seeds, resistance to Fusarium wilt and lodging. Five among many cultivars obtained at the INF show the best features. These cultivars are: Nike, Artemida, Modran, Selena and Luna.

COOKING QUALITY OF FIELD PEA MATURED UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
B. B. CHUBEY ◽  
S. T. ALI-KHAN ◽  
M. STAUVERS
Keyword(s):  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Soil Level

The yellow-seeded field pea (Pisum sativum L. ’Century’) was grown in the field in a 4-yr study to determine the effect of maturation conditions on cooking quality. Treatments included different seeding dates and cutting of the vines at soil level at different stages of maturity. Separate observations were made on pea seeds from different locations on the vines. The results were related to weather conditions during maturation. Later seeding and cutting of vines before full maturity resulted in lower yield, lower 1000-seed weights and poorer cooking quality. Pod location at the top of the plant, abnormally warm, sunny weather during seed maturation and abnormally cool, cloudy weather with severe mildew infection during seed maturation also were associated with lower 1000-seed weights and poorer cooking quality.Key words: Field pea, cooking quality, maturation conditions

scholarly journals Development of Atropa belladonna L. Plants with High-Yield Hyoscyamine and without Its Derivatives Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Lingjiang Zeng ◽  
Qiaozhuo Zhang ◽  
Chunxue Jiang ◽  
Yueyue Zheng ◽  
Youwei Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
First Time

Atropa belladonna L. is one of the most important herbal plants that produces hyoscyamine or atropine, and it also produces anisodamine and scopolamine. However, the in planta hyoscyamine content is very low, and it is difficult and expensive to independently separate hyoscyamine from the tropane alkaloids in A. belladonna. Therefore, it is vital to develop A. belladonna plants with high yields of hyoscyamine, and without anisodamine and scopolamine. In this study, we generated A. belladonna plants without anisodamine and scopolamine, via the CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (AbH6H), for the first time. Hyoscyamine production was significantly elevated, while neither anisodamine nor scopolamine were produced, in the A. belladonna plants with homozygous mutations in AbH6H. In summary, new varieties of A. belladonna with high yields of hyoscyamine and without anisodamine and scopolamine have great potential applicability in producing hyoscyamine at a low cost.

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