scholarly journals Promising varieties of fiber and oil flax plants for agricultural technologies of Trans-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00096
Author(s):  
Igor Porsev ◽  
Andrey Sozinov ◽  
Georgy Karpov ◽  
Ksenia Salomatina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Processing Enterprise

Cultivation of fiber flax and oil flax in Kurgan region is of current interest due to the presence of flax seed and straw processing enterprise – SUE Len Zauralya, Kurgan. To increase the production of highquality flaxseed oil and flax products, the level of flax production should be increased via theoretically substantiated cultivation technologies. Propagating a new variety, plant breeders consider the needs of two categories of consumers – flax producers and flax processors. Some of them need fiber flax varieties of high yield (seed and fiber) and high fiber quality resistant to diseases and lodging, adapted to conditions of Trans-Urals and Siberia. Other consumers need fiber flax varieties that meet numerous requirements of textile, construction, automotive, aviation, medical, and other sectors of the economy, and are suitable for processing by state-of-the-art flax processing equipment. The approach to develop a variety has currently become targeted and customized. Varieties grown in the study area and used as a standard showed high fiber yields: Tomsky 17 – 0.68 t/ha, Tomsky 18 – 0.69 t/ha. The results of the three-year study showed high yields of new varieties: Tost 3 – 0.98 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.86 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.82 t/ha. The fiber yield of these varieties was also high: Tost 3 – 0.71 t/ha, Tost 4 – 0.68 t/ha, Tost 5 – 0.66 t/ha.

scholarly journals Worldwide gene pool of fiber flax at VIR, and breeding of rust-resistant varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
S. N. Kutuzova ◽  
E. A. Porokhovinova ◽  
N. B. Brutch ◽  
A. V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Flax Cultivar ◽  
Almost All

Background. There are strict requirements for a modern flax cultivar. It must have a whole set of valuable characters, including rust resistance.Materials and methods. The flax collection of 2485 accessions held by VIR was evaluated using artificial provocative infection.Results. Almost all domestic and foreign accessions and varieties collected before 1957 were highly or extremely susceptible to rust. Five Russian kryazhs1 and cv. ‘GDS-3’ developed at VIR were found to retain rust resistance up to the present moment. Lines derived from them and from three foreign varieties, with an identified number of the original effective R genes, were submitted to breeders. Nineteen donors with a set of economically useful traits, analogous to cvs. ‘Orshansky 2’ and ‘Prizyv 81’ and carrying the same genes, were produced and distributed to breeders. The VIR collection holds 10 donors of rust resistance with high fiber content developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax. Some donors of resistance to other diseases released by the same Institute also possess high rust resistance, thus forming a rich stock of source material. The first cultivar relatively resistant to rust (‘L-1120’) was released in 1951. Possessing polygenic resistance, it was also resistant to Fusarium wilt and lodging, so it was widely used for breeding other cultivars with similar characteristics. As their cultivation expanded, the harvest losses caused by rust dropped. The first rust-resistant cultivar with oligogenic resistance (‘Tomsky 16’) appeared in 1990. By now, many cultivars protected by R genes of rust resistance have been developed. They combine this trait with resistance to Fusarium and lodging, high yield, and high fiber content. Flax rust incidence is not a problem anymore.Conclusion. Plant breeders have at their disposal a rich stock of source material preserved in the VIR collection to produce resistant flax cultivars. The use of rust resistance donors in hybridization cannot disrupt the most important properties of a cultivar.

scholarly journals HIGH-PRODUCTIVE FODDER VARIETY “ENDAN”

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Василий Блохин ◽  
Vasiliy Blokhin ◽  
Ирина Ганиева ◽  
Irina Ganieva ◽  
Игорь Сержанов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Test ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Feed Direction ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
High Yields

Generating a variety of spring barley for feed use, which is the main forage crop in our region, and contributing to the main forage crop in our region, helps to increase the efficiency of livestock production. According to the results of scientific research, conducted in 2015-2018, a comparative assessment submitted for state variety testing in 2017 in 2 regions of the Russian Federation: Volga-Vyatskiy (4) and Srednevolzhskiy (7) the spring barley variety “Endan” showed, that it corresponds to the feed direction, characterized by high yield, environmental stability with increased feed grain quality. The new variety of spring barley “Endan” fully meets the basic requirements of agricultural production in many respects. In all the years of research, the “Endan” variety surpasses the standard “Raushan” variety in grain productivity. The feed direction value of this variety is that it has a high yield of crude protein per unit of sown area at high yields. The “Endan” variety combines high productivity with environmental stability and adaptive ability to external conditions. A production test proves the ability of this variety to produce high yields compared to the standard and the new Kamashevsky variety.

scholarly journals The Pawpaw Research Program at the Horticulture Department of the University of Florence

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvio Bellini ◽  
Stefania Nin ◽  
Maurizio Cocchi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
University Of Florence ◽  
The University

The Horticulture Department of the University of Florence has been studying the pawpaw (Asimina triloba) since 1990 through collaboration with Italian fruit grower Domenico Montanari, who currently hosts the largest pawpaw orchard and variety collection in Italy. Research efforts are focused mainly on the development of new varieties and selections with desirable ornamental characteristics. New variety selection is based on high tree productivity, large fruit size, good organoleptic quality and improved fruit postharvest handling. The breeding program has resulted in 3,000 seedlings that are currently being evaluated in Tuscany, Italy. In addition to breeding efforts, 15 commercially available varieties were evaluated in replicated trials in 2000 and 2001, with selections characterized for vegetative, reproductive and pomological traits. In 2000 and 2001, the varieties `Prima 1216' and `Prolific' had high yields and should be suitable for production in Italian fruit-growing areas. Experiments to establish explants of pawpaw in culture were also performed testing a range of genotypes, disinfestation procedures, and methods to induce callus culture. Protocols for the propagation of pawpaw in vitro would offer many advantages for mass multiplication of desirable plants; however, the propagation of pawpaw in vitro has so far been met with limited success.

scholarly journals Assessment of the adaptive potential and ecological plasticity of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy for Northwest Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00034
Author(s):  
Tatiana Radyukevich ◽  
Lyudmila Kartasheva ◽  
Dmitry Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
High Feed ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Variety Testing

In Northwest Russia, creation and introduction of new varieties of cereals characterized by early maturity, high adaptive potential and ecological plasticity is one of the most important tasks. A new generation of barley varieties is needed that combines high yields with early maturity, high feed qualities of grain, and resistance to lodging and grain shedding. We carried out field and laboratory studies of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy in an experimental field of the Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka". In 2021, Fermersky was transferred for state variety testing. The variety is midseason and the growing season is 72–87 days. Over three years of competitive variety testing (2018–2020), the yield increase was 1.25 t/ha relative to the Suzdalets standard (3.12 t/ha). The highest yield of 5.27 t/ha was obtained in 2019, under conditions of low moisture supply. The average index of ecological plasticity (Jsp) was 1.48 (min 1.11, max 1.94). The adaptive potential (ds/dk) was 7.91 (min 6.92, max 9.08), The Fermerskiy variety consistently formed a high yield and was characterized by ecological plasticity, early maturity, and resistance to diseases and lodging.

scholarly journals Promising hybrid lines of fiber flax with high content of fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
G. A. Popova ◽  
O. I. Polyakova ◽  
N. V. Knyazeva ◽  
N. B. Rogalskaya ◽  
V. M. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hybrid Lines

The paper presents the results of creating a material for obtaining an early ripening variety of fiber flax for cultivation in Siberia, characterized by high-quality fiber and a high degree of adaptability to external environmental factors, resistance to lodging and diseases. Twelve promising hybrids were studied, the maternal lines of which were represented by Tomsk varieties Tomskiy 16, Tomskiy 17, Tomskiy 18 and TOST 5, and the paternal lines – by Belgian selection varieties Marilyn, Suzanne and Hermes. Field studies were carried out in the subtaiga zone of Tomsk region and were preceded by spring and winter grain crops. Natural and climatic conditions corresponded to the needs of fiber flax for the cultivation of early and mid-ripening varieties. The resulting hybrid material was sown from 2013 in a selection nursery by pit planting on a specially prepared soil with a feeding area of 2.5 × 2.5 cm. In 2017–2019 hybrid lines were kept in nurseries of the second and third years of breeding. The hybrid lines’ potential was studied during the years which were different by meteorological conditions. Based on the results of this work, three tall hybrids were identified that had statistically significant differences with Tomskiy 16 standard and exceeded it by 5.8–7.6 cm in total height and 4.4–9.5 cm in the technical length of the stem. Nine hybrids showed high fiber content, exceeding the standard by 2.8-4.2%. These promising hybrid lines of fiber flax are recommended for use in the breeding process for high rates of maturity, productivity, fiber quality, adaptability to external environmental factors and resistance to lodging and diseases.

scholarly journals Performance of Rice Tungro Resistant Promising Line in Endemic Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Ahmad - Muliadi
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Promising Line

Tungro disease is one of the important diseases of rice because it has a high potential for causing damage. The use of varieties resistant to the tungro disease effectively prevent an explosion tungro disease. Testing of promising lines resistant to the tungro at several locations is a stage in the breeding program before a line is released as a new variety that has resistance to tungro disease, as well as having the potential for high yields and good adaptation at several locations. Six of tungro resistant promising line (OBSTG02-137, OBSTG02-124, OBSTG02154, OBSTG02-130, OBSTG02-56, dan OBSTG02-37) and four check varieties (Inpari 9 Elo, Tukad Unda, Ciherang, and IR64) were evaluated for their yield potential and adaptability at 16 locations in tungro endemic area during the dry season of 2011-2013. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Each line were transplanted in 4 m x 5 m plot size with plant spacing 25 cm x 25 cm. Observation were made on yield, 50% flowering date, plant heights, panicle number per hill, number filled and unfilled spikelets per panicle, and weigh of 1000 grains in gram. The results showed that effect of genotype x location interaction was significantly different for all component observed. Based on the performance of grain yield and yield components obtained, four lines i.e. OBSTG02-137 (6.74 t/ha), OBSTG02-124 (6.20 t/ha), OBSTG02-154 (6.37 t/ha ), and OBSTG02-130 (5,92 t/ha) has a high yield with the support of filled grain number and weight of 1000 seeds is high. Based on the combined value of bi and the general average of yield, then line OBSTG02-137, OBSTG02-154, and OBSTG02-130 were suitable to adapt to all environments, OBSTG02-124 is adapted in an optimal environment, OBSTG02-56 and OBSTG02-37 were adapted to the less productive environment.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment and scientific support of seed breeding of the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Elena Vertikova ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields

The article characterizes the advantages of sudangrass, presents its comparative assessment, and gives recommendations for the cultivation of a new variety Evgeniya for seeds. Implementation of the program for the development of forage production in Russia and other countries implies not only the creation of new varieties but also the promotion of their introduction. This study aims to test the new variety Evgeniya of sudangrass and refine the cultivation techniques for obtaining high-quality seeds in the Volga region. For a period of 2 years, we studied the new promising variety, new lines that were obtained during interspecific, intraspecific, and intervarietal crossings carried out in different years, and new varieties of sudangrass recommended for cultivation in the region. The Yubileinaya 20 and Zonalskaya 6 varieties of sudangrass were used as standards. Field studies were carried out in 2017-2019. It was found that the new variety Evgeniya was characterized by high values of economically valuable traits. The variety had several biometric and biological features, such as thin stems and high yields, so we studied the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates not only on yield but on seed quality. To obtain the maximum yield of high-quality seeds, Evgeniya sudangrass must be sown with a seeding rate of 0.6-0.7 mln. viable seeds per hectare and row spacing of 30 cm.

scholarly journals Characteristics of new population of melon breeding Bikovskaya experimental station

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Nina G. Baibakova ◽  
Elena A. Varivoda ◽  
Tatyana G. Koleboshina
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Research Station ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Variety Testing

Relevance. Melon is one of the most common cultures among melons. Bykovskaya for melon breeding research station scouting for new varieties of melon. When breeding melons, it is necessary to pay attention to such economic characteristics of melons as precocity, productivity, high quality products, resistance to disease, cold resistance.Methods. Studies were carried out in 2017-2018 at the Bikovskaya experimental station, in rainfed conditions. Object of study – varieties and hybrid populations of melon.Results. As a result of selection work the new variety sample of melon of Syngent x Dune is received. In 2017, this population was first included in the station variety testing. According to the research results, the new hybrid population Matures before The standard of the autumn variety for 6 days. The excess in yield over the standard is 6.6 t / ha. The taste of the new variety sample is at the level of standard varieties Osen. Thus, the variety sample of Syngent x Dune has a beautiful appearance, high yield of marketable products, good taste of the fruit, resistance to sunburn, good transportability, which will diversify the range of melon varieties grown in Russia.

scholarly journals Development of Atropa belladonna L. Plants with High-Yield Hyoscyamine and without Its Derivatives Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Lingjiang Zeng ◽  
Qiaozhuo Zhang ◽  
Chunxue Jiang ◽  
Yueyue Zheng ◽  
Youwei Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
High Yield ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Atropa Belladonna ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
First Time

Atropa belladonna L. is one of the most important herbal plants that produces hyoscyamine or atropine, and it also produces anisodamine and scopolamine. However, the in planta hyoscyamine content is very low, and it is difficult and expensive to independently separate hyoscyamine from the tropane alkaloids in A. belladonna. Therefore, it is vital to develop A. belladonna plants with high yields of hyoscyamine, and without anisodamine and scopolamine. In this study, we generated A. belladonna plants without anisodamine and scopolamine, via the CRISPR/Cas9-based disruption of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (AbH6H), for the first time. Hyoscyamine production was significantly elevated, while neither anisodamine nor scopolamine were produced, in the A. belladonna plants with homozygous mutations in AbH6H. In summary, new varieties of A. belladonna with high yields of hyoscyamine and without anisodamine and scopolamine have great potential applicability in producing hyoscyamine at a low cost.

scholarly journals A new multiple purposes variety of industrial hemp ‘Artemida’ with a high oil content and fiber quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S. V. Mishchenko ◽  
H. I. Kyrychenko ◽  
I. M. Laiko
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Cannabinoid Compounds ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Purpose. Creation of industrial hemp variety of multiple purposes with the absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content in seeds and fiber quality. Methods. Bree­ding (self-pollination, varietal-linear hybridization in the conditions of a vegetation house, selection), field, laboratory, instrumental-technological assessment of fiber quality, mathematical statistics. Results. The ‘Artemida’ variety was created as a result of hybridization of the ‘Hlesiia’ variety with the self-pollinated line of the sixth generation of the ‘Zolotoniski 15’ variety and selection for stabilization of high productivity traits and improvement of quality trait of hemp production. The variety belongs to the medium-ripe group; the growing season is 94 days before the phase of technological maturity and 118 days before the phase of biological maturity. When grown for fiber, the variety had a higher fiber yield (2.56 t/ha), the yield of all fiber (30.4% and including long fiber 27.6%). When grown for fiber and seeds, the plant is significantly inferior in height, which is positive for harves­ting seeds with a combine harvester, has a significantly higher seed yield (1.29 t/ha), oil content (36.8%) and fiber yield (2.01 t/ha) in comparison with the standard of the varie­ty ‘Hliana’. The analysis of the correspondence between the empirical and theoretical distribution of such a trait as the oil content in the seeds of elite plants of the ‘Artemida’ variety indicates its high stability. A notable feature of the variety is the formation of friendly seedlings and intensive plant growth at the beginning of the growing season, which helps to reduce the weediness of crops.  Conclusions. The new variety of hemp ‘Artemida’ of multiple purposes belongs to the Central European ecological and geographical type, although created as a result of varietal-linear hybridization of different types with selection on the basis of productivity, is characte­rized by complete absence of cannabinoid compounds, high oil content and fiber quality. The variety is recommended for growing for fiber and seeds. Due to its high yield potential, it is competitive in the industrial hemp market.

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