scholarly journals Effects of Lifestyle Intervention in Tissue-Specific Lipidomic Profile of Formerly Obese Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3694
Author(s):  
Norma Dahdah ◽  
Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa ◽  
Sara Samino ◽  
Pau Gama-Perez ◽  
Laura Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
Biological Entities

Lipids are highly diverse in their composition, properties and distribution in different biological entities. We aim to establish the lipidomes of several insulin-sensitive tissues and to test their plasticity when divergent feeding regimens and lifestyles are imposed. Here, we report a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) study of lipid abundance across 4 tissues of C57Bl6J male mice that includes the changes in the lipid profile after every lifestyle intervention. Every tissue analysed presented a specific lipid profile irrespective of interventions. Glycerolipids and fatty acids were most abundant in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) followed by liver, whereas sterol lipids and phosphoglycerolipids were highly enriched in hypothalamus, and gastrocnemius had the lowest content in all lipid species compared to the other tissues. Both when subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) and after a subsequent lifestyle intervention (INT), the lipidome of hypothalamus showed no changes. Gastrocnemius and liver revealed a pattern of increase in content in many lipid species after HFD followed by a regression to basal levels after INT, while eWAT lipidome was affected mainly by the fat composition of the administered diets and not their caloric density. Thus, the present study demonstrates a unique lipidome for each tissue modulated by caloric intake and dietary composition.

scholarly journals Insights in the Role of Lipids, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Unveiled by New Trends in Lipidomic Investigations

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Helena Beatriz Ferreira ◽  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Artur Paiva ◽  
Maria do Rosário Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Inflammatory Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly debilitating chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease most prevalent in women. The true etiology of this disease is complex, multifactorial, and is yet to be completely elucidated. However, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are associated with the development and pathogenesis of RA. In this case, oxidative damage biomarkers have been found to be significantly higher in RA patients, associated with the oxidation of biomolecules and the stimulation of inflammatory responses. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major consequences of oxidative stress, with the formation of deleterious lipid hydroperoxides and electrophilic reactive lipid species. Additionally, changes in the lipoprotein profile seem to be common in RA, contributing to cardiovascular diseases and a chronic inflammatory environment. Nevertheless, changes in the lipid profile at a molecular level in RA are still poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this review was to gather all the information regarding lipid alterations in RA analyzed by mass spectrometry. Studies on the variation of lipid profile in RA using lipidomics showed that fatty acid and phospholipid metabolisms, especially in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, are affected in this disease. These promising results could lead to the discovery of new diagnostic lipid biomarkers for early diagnosis of RA and targets for personalized medicine.

Investigation of Aspartame effects on some blood parameters after oral administration in Balb-c mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2387-2390
Author(s):  
Diana Ali Alkhalil ◽  
Moofeed Yasein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

No-caloric sweeteners, such as aspartame, are widely used in various food and beverages to prevent the increasing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus, acting as tools in helping control caloric intake. Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products. It was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981. Aspartame is metabolized to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. these metabolites have some health risks specially on PKU (Phenyl Ketone Urea) patients who can’t metabolize the amino acid phenyl alanine. This study aims to investigate the health effects of aspartame on Balb-c mice. 16 Balb-c mice were given physiological solution by oral gavage(control) and the study groups were given the recommended ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for mice (ADI = 250mg/kg/body weight) of Aspartame diluted in water for 15days, 30days. Glucose blood level, lipid profile, marker enzymes (ALT.AST.ALP, γGT) and uric acid were determined at the end of the experiment. The results of this study show that oral administration of aspartame (250mg/kg body weight) was correlated to a significant increase in the lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and some marker enzymes and this increase is time related.

scholarly journals Influence of Megasphaera elsdenii and feeding strategies on feedlot performance, compositional growth, and carcass parameters of early weaned, beef calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 863-875
Author(s):  
Jonathan C DeClerck ◽  
Zain E Wade ◽  
Nathan R Reeves ◽  
Mark F Miller ◽  
Brad J Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Megasphaera Elsdenii

Abstract Simmental–Angus calves [n = 135; 72 steers and 63 heifers; body weight (BW) = 212.4 kg ± 36.1] were early weaned (~5 mo) to evaluate multiple feeding regimens (conventional vs. aggressive energy diets ± Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 (M. elsdenii culture (MEC); Lactipro Advance; MS Biotec Inc., Wamego, KS) in order to elucidate the optimal development strategy. Objectives were measured by tracking the effects of caloric density and oral drenching of growing phase performance and subsequent carcass traits. The 72-d experiment featured three groups: 1) control (CON), fed exclusively a 35% roughage diet; 2) aggressive (AGR), fed a blend of a 10% and 35% roughage diets; 3) MEC, fed the same diet as AGR and drenched with 50 mL of M. elsdenii NCIMB 41125 on day 1. A subset of calves (n = 45) was equipped with wireless rumination tags (Allflex Flex Tag; SCR Engineers, Ltd; Netanya, Israel), which logged daily rumination and general activity. Skeletal growth variables were assessed by measuring wither and hip height pretrial and posttrial. Ultrasonography provided additional resolution concerning growing phase compositional gain, which was later verified by carcass data collection. Data were analyzed as a nested analysis of variance with BW and gender serving as blocking factors. The increased caloric density of the diets administered to MEC and AGR calves resulted in greater average daily gain and gain:feed values compared with CON even during the first 21 d of diet acclimation (P ≤ 0.05). Additional fiber concentration of CON diets led to increased rumination times in 9 of the 10 wk of trial (P ≤ 0.10). No differences amongst treatments were detected for skeletal variables or ultrasound 12th rib fat. Cattle fed CON diets posted 3.4% inferior BW at the end of the growing period trial and a 3.8% reduction in hot carcass weight (HCW), reinforcing the theory that intensifying caloric intake during the growing phase does not compromise future feedlot performance. Ultrasound marbling scores for MEC-treated cattle were 19° greater than AGR treated cattle (P ≤ 0.05) at the end of the growing phase trial. Nearly the exact same advantage (22°) was observed in the cooler 5 mo later (P = 0.42). Implying MEC metabolically imprinted cattle to favor marbling development. It appears that maximizing dietary caloric density in light-weight calves does not adversely affect the growth curve, while oral dosing of MEC during the growing period may be a precursor for enhanced quality grade.

Proton NMR Study of the Molecular Reorientation in the Trigonal Phase of Sodium Hydrosulfide

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 2370-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Line ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Trigonal Axis ◽  
Molecular Reorientation ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfide ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Trigonal Phase

The second moment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance line and the spin–lattice relaxation time were measured as functions of temperature throughout the trigonal phase of NaSH. Motional narrowing of the resonance line occurs at about 120 K. A T1 minimum was also observed indicating molecular reorientation of the SH− ion. The second moment and the relaxation times were calculated using several models for possible SH− ion motion. The best agreement with experimental results was obtained when the proton was considered to move between two positions either side of the sulfur atom along the trigonal axis.

Wide Variability in Caloric Density of Expressed Human Milk Can Lead to Major Underestimation or Overestimation of Nutrient Content

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Sauer ◽  
Mallory A. Boutin ◽  
Jae H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Nutrition Strategy

Background: Very-low-birth-weight infants continue to face significant difficulties with postnatal growth. Human milk is the optimal form of nutrition for infants but may exhibit variation in nutrient content. Objective: This study aimed to perform macronutrient analysis on expressed human milk from mothers whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Up to five human milk samples per participant were analyzed for protein, carbohydrate, and fat content using reference chemical analyses (Kjeldahl for protein, high pressure liquid chromatography for carbohydrates, and Mojonnier for fat). Calorie content was calculated. Results: A total of 64 samples from 24 participants was analyzed. Wide variability was found in calorie, protein, carbohydrate, and fat composition. The authors found an average of 17.9 kcal/ounce, with only 34% of samples falling within 10% of the expected caloric density. Conclusion: The assumption that human milk contains 20 kcal/ounce is no longer supported based on this study. This supports promoting an individualized nutrition strategy as a crucial aspect to optimal nutrition.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups, Risk for Complications, and Differential Effects Due to an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Bancks ◽  
Haiying Chen ◽  
Ashok Balasubramanyam ◽  
Alain G. Bertoni ◽  
Mark A. Espeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Intensive Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Differential Risk

<b>Objective:</b> We re-evaluated the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) intervention, incorporating diabetes subgroups, to identify whether intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) is associated with differential risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by diabetes subgroup. <p><b>Research Design and Methods: </b>Look AHEAD randomized 5145 participants, aged 45-76 years, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity, to 10 years of ILI or a control condition of diabetes support and education. ILI focused on weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. To characterize diabetes subgroups, we applied k-means clustering to data for age of diabetes diagnosis, body mass index, waist circumference, and glycated hemoglobin. We examined whether relative intervention effects on the trial’s prespecified CVD outcomes varied among diabetes subgroups.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> We characterized four subgroups related to older age at diabetes onset (42% of sample), poor glycemic control (14%), severe obesity (24%), and younger age at onset (20%). We observed interactions (all p<0.05) between intervention and diabetes subgroup for three separate composite cardiovascular outcomes. Randomization to ILI was associated with increased risk for each cardiovascular outcome only among the poor glucose control subgroup (hazard ratios, HR >1.32). Among the three other diabetes subgroups, ILI was not associated with increased risk for CVD.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Among overweight and obese adults with T2D, a lifestyle intervention was associated with differential risk for CVD that was dependent on diabetes subgroup. Diabetes subgroups may be important to identify the patients who would achieve benefit and avoid harm from an intensive lifestyle intervention.</p>

scholarly journals Gluten Deprivation: What Nutritional Changes Are Found During the First Year in Newly Diagnosed Coeliac Children?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Forchielli ◽  
Lucia Diani ◽  
Flavio Labriola ◽  
Giulia Bolasco ◽  
Alessandro Rocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
First Year ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Short Run

Aim: A gluten-free diet (GFD) can expose children to excessive calories and fat intake. The study is intended to verify whether and how food intake, laboratory parameters, and growth are modified by a year of GFD. Methods: In 79 CD (coeliac disease) children (mean age 7.9 ± 3.8 years, 52 females, 27 males) diagnosed over 24 months, 24-h food diaries, food-frequency patterns, anthropometric and laboratory parameters (mainly blood sugar, insulin, lipid profile, and homocysteine) were prospectively collected before and during the first year of GFD. Nutrient intakes were compared over time and with recommendations. They were also used as regressors to explain the levels and changes of metabolic and growth variables. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Average macronutrient intake did not change during the year. Caloric intake remained below 90% (p ≤ 0.0001) and protein intake above 200% (p ≤ 0.0001) of recommendations. Lipid intake was stable at 34% of overall energy intake. Unsaturated fats increased (less omega-6 and more omega-3 with a ratio improvement from 13.3 ± 5.5 to 8.8 ± 3.1) and so did fibers, while folate decreased. The children who experienced a containment in their caloric intake during the year, presented a slower catch-up growth. Some differences were found across gender and age groups. In particular, adolescents consumed less calories, and females more omega-3. Fiber and simple sugar intakes emerged as implicated in lipid profile shift: fibers negatively with triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.033), simple sugars negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.056) and positively with TG (p = 0.004). Waist-to-height ratio was positively associated with homocysteine (p = 0.018) and Homeostasis Model Assessment (p = 0.001), negatively with fibers (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In the short run, GFD is nutritionally very similar to any diet with gluten, with some improvements in unsaturated fats and fiber intake. Along with simple sugars containment, this may offer CD patients the opportunity for a fresh start. Caloric intakes may shift and should be monitored, especially in adolescents.

24 Lipid composition of fresh or frozen sexed bovine blastocysts produced invivo or invitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
S. J. Idrissi ◽  
D. Le Bourhis ◽  
A. Lefevre ◽  
P. Edmond ◽  
O. Desnoës ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Embryo Origin

Currently, invitro embryo production (IVP) is successfully applied commercially in cattle. However, the high sensitivity of embryos to cryopreservation compared with invivo-derived (IVD) embryos still impairs the dissemination of this biotechnology. Reduced cryotolerance is frequently associated with lipid accumulation in the cytoplasm mainly due to invitro culture conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lipid content of fresh and frozen sexed bovine grade 1 IVP or IVD embryos. The same 8 Holstein heifers were used in a Latin square design for both IVP and IVD embryo production. Zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) supplemented with 1% oestrus cow serum. The same bull was used for IVP and IVD. All expanded Day 7 blastocysts (n=40 IVP and 40 IVD) were biopsied and sexed. Half of the embryos (n=20 in each group) was slow frozen (1.5M ethylene glycol, 0.1m sucrose) and thawed before lipid extraction. Remaining embryos underwent lipid extraction in the fresh state. Briefly, the liposoluble fraction of the embryos was extracted according to the Bligh and Dyer method using chloroform and methanol. Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis was performed and operated in positive ionization mode. Lipids with variance intensities greater than 30% in quality control samples were removed as well as those identified as background noise. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to show the relationship between variance in the data and difference among embryo origin (IVP vs. IVD), state before extraction (fresh vs. frozen), and sex of the embryos (male vs. female). The differentially lipid species groups were identified using Wilcoxon test, and considered significantly different when P&lt;0.05. LC-HRMS analysis allowed us to identify 75 lipids. PLS-DA showed that embryo origin (IVP vs. IVD) and state before extraction (fresh vs. frozen) can be determined by LC-HRMS profiles by group in PLS-DA plot, despite slight overlaps. Sex of the embryos did not allow us to differentiate the lipid profile. However, 15 lipids varied significantly between male and female IVD, predominantly triglycerides (TG), whereas no lipid varied between the sexes in the IVP homologues. Moreover, 26 lipids varied significantly between IVP and IVD fresh embryos with enrichment of IVP embryos in TG, phosphatidyl choline, cholesteryl ester, and less diglyceride and lysophospholipid (LP) compared with IVD embryos. The comparison of the lipid profiles before and after freezing for IVP embryos showed that only 7 lipids varied significantly between fresh and frozen states with a decrease in LP for the frozen embryos. For the invivo counterparts, 13 lipids varied significantly, including the same LP as those identified for IVP embryos in the same way. Our results showed that the embryonic lipid profile is mainly affected by IVP and slow freezing protocols and, to a lesser extent, by sex. Further studies are needed to improve IVP protocols and optimize the cryotolerance of IVP embryos in cattle.

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