scholarly journals Molecular Hydrogen as a Potential Clinically Applicable Radioprotective Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4566
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Hirano ◽  
Yusuke Ichikawa ◽  
Bunpei Sato ◽  
Haru Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshiyasu Takefuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Water Radiolysis ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Oxidizing Power ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radioprotective Agent

Although ionizing radiation (radiation) is commonly used for medical diagnosis and cancer treatment, radiation-induced damages cannot be avoided. Such damages can be classified into direct and indirect damages, caused by the direct absorption of radiation energy into DNA and by free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated in the process of water radiolysis. More specifically, radiation damage concerns not only direct damages to DNA, but also secondary damages to non-DNA targets, because low-dose radiation damage is mainly caused by these indirect effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has the potential to be a radioprotective agent because it can selectively scavenge •OH, a reactive oxygen species with strong oxidizing power. Animal experiments and clinical trials have reported that H2 exhibits a highly safe radioprotective effect. This paper reviews previously reported radioprotective effects of H2 and discusses the mechanisms of H2, not only as an antioxidant, but also in intracellular responses including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and the regulation of gene expression. In doing so, we demonstrate the prospects of H2 as a novel and clinically applicable radioprotective agent.

scholarly journals A new aspect of specific radiation damage: hydrogen abstraction from organic molecules

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alke Meents ◽  
Birger Dittrich ◽  
Sascha Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Length Changes

Radiation damage is one of the major impediments in obtaining high-resolution structural information utilizing ionizing radiation. From electron microscopy it is known that electron irradiation of biological samples results in the formation of molecular hydrogen. In the present work radiation-induced structural changes of the polypeptide cyclosporine A were observed at a temperature of 100 K. Bond length changes are thought to be due to radiation-induced hydrogen abstraction which chemically modifies the molecules in an irreversible way. The resulting formation of molecular hydrogen might explain the observed increase of the crystal mosaicity, which has also been reported in many previous radiation damage studies.

Annealing Of Radiation Damage in Tungsten

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 412-413
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau ◽  
John Moteff
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Neutron Fluence ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
Polycrystalline Tungsten ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radiation Induced

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the thermal annealing of radiation induced defect clusters in polycrystalline tungsten. Specimens were taken from cylindrical tensile bars which had been irradiated to a fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluence of 4.2 × 1019 n/cm2 at 70°C, annealed for one hour at various temperatures in argon, and tensile tested at 240°C in helium. Foils from both the unstressed button heads and the reduced areas near the fracture were examined.Figure 1 shows typical microstructures in button head foils. In the unannealed condition, Fig. 1(a), a dispersion of fine dot clusters was present. Annealing at 435°C, Fig. 1(b), produced an apparent slight decrease in cluster concentration, but annealing at 740°C, Fig. 1(C), resulted in a noticeable densification of the clusters. Finally, annealing at 900°C and 1040°C, Figs. 1(d) and (e), caused a definite decrease in cluster concentration and led to the formation of resolvable dislocation loops.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Biological Function and Their Therapeutic Potential in Radiation Damage

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Pu ◽  
Siyang Ma ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Tiankai Xu ◽  
Pengyu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Insight Into

Radiation-induced damage is a common occurrence in cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. In this setting, radiation-induced damage can be refractory because the regeneration responses of injured tissues or organs are not well stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells have become ideal candidates for managing radiation-induced damage. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have a similar effect on repairing tissue damage mainly because these exosomes carry various bioactive substances, such as miRNAs, proteins and lipids, which can affect immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and cell survival and proliferation. Although the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair radiation damage have not been fully elucidated, we intend to translate their biological features into a radiation damage model and aim to provide new insight into the management of radiation damage.

Low-dose radiation-induced acute pericarditis (AP) in breast cancer patient

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S179-S180 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alastuey ◽  
A. Noé ◽  
C. Chiaramello ◽  
S. Montemuiño ◽  
J. Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patient ◽  
Breast Cancer Patient ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Acute Pericarditis ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dose Radiation

scholarly journals RNA protects a nucleoprotein complex against radiation damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Bury ◽  
John E. McGeehan ◽  
Alfred A. Antson ◽  
Ian Carmichael ◽  
Markus Gerstel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Binding Pockets ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Damage Susceptibility ◽  
Dna Complex

Radiation damage during macromolecular X-ray crystallographic data collection is still the main impediment for many macromolecular structure determinations. Even when an eventual model results from the crystallographic pipeline, the manifestations of radiation-induced structural and conformation changes, the so-called specific damage, within crystalline macromolecules can lead to false interpretations of biological mechanisms. Although this has been well characterized within protein crystals, far less is known about specific damage effects within the larger class of nucleoprotein complexes. Here, a methodology has been developed whereby per-atom density changes could be quantified with increasing dose over a wide (1.3–25.0 MGy) range and at higher resolution (1.98 Å) than the previous systematic specific damage study on a protein–DNA complex. Specific damage manifestations were determined within the largetrpRNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) bound to a single-stranded RNA that forms a belt around the protein. Over a large dose range, the RNA was found to be far less susceptible to radiation-induced chemical changes than the protein. The availability of two TRAP molecules in the asymmetric unit, of which only one contained bound RNA, allowed a controlled investigation into the exact role of RNA binding in protein specific damage susceptibility. The 11-fold symmetry within each TRAP ring permitted statistically significant analysis of the Glu and Asp damage patterns, with RNA binding unexpectedly being observed to protect these otherwise highly sensitive residues within the 11 RNA-binding pockets distributed around the outside of the protein molecule. Additionally, the method enabled a quantification of the reduction in radiation-induced Lys and Phe disordering upon RNA binding directly from the electron density.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Radiation-Induced Senescent Stromal Fibroblasts Render Nearby Breast Cancer Cells Radioresistant

2009 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin K. C. Tsai ◽  
Jeremy Stuart ◽  
Yao-Yu Eric Chuang ◽  
John B. Little ◽  
Zhi-Min Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Stromal Fibroblasts ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dose Radiation

Protective effects of hydrogen against irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Terasaki ◽  
Mika Terasaki ◽  
Akira Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Reactive Oxidants

: Radiation-induced lung injury is characterized by an acute pneumonia phase followed by a fibrotic phase. At the time of irradiation, a rapid, short-lived burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) occurs, but chronic radiation-induced lung injury may occur due to excess ROS such as H2O2 , O2•− , ONOO− , and •OH. Molecular hydrogen (H2 ) is an efficient antioxidant that quickly diffuses cell membranes, reduces ROS such as •OH and ONOO− , and suppresses damage caused by oxidative stress in various organs. In 2011, through the evaluation of electron-spin resonance and fluorescent indicator signals, we had reported that H2 can eliminate •OH and can protect against oxidative stress-related apoptotic damage induced by irradiation of cultured lung epithelial cells. We had explored for the first time the radioprotective effects of H2 treatment on acute and chronic radiation-induced lung damage in mice by inhaled H2 gas (for acute) and imbibed H2 -enriched water (for chronic). Thus, we had proposed that H2 be considered a potential radioprotective agent. Recent publications have shown that H2 directly neutralizes highly reactive oxidants and indirectly reduces oxidative stress by regulating the expression of various genes. By regulating gene expression, H2 functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic molecule and promotes energy metabolism. The increased evidence obtained from cultured cells or animal experiments reveal a putative place for H2 treatment and its radioprotective effect clinically. This review focuses on major scientific advances of in the treatment of H2 as a new class of radioprotective agents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document