scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential and Main Methods of Obtaining Selenium Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10808
Author(s):  
Elena G. Varlamova ◽  
Egor A. Turovsky ◽  
Ekaterina V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
The Past

This review presents the latest data on the importance of selenium nanoparticles in human health, their use in medicine, and the main known methods of their production by various methods. In recent years, a multifaceted study of nanoscale complexes in medicine, including selenium nanoparticles, has become very important in view of a number of positive features that make it possible to create new drugs based on them or significantly improve the properties of existing drugs. It is known that selenium is an essential trace element that is part of key antioxidant enzymes. In mammals, there are 25 selenoproteins, in which selenium is a key component of the active site. The important role of selenium in human health has been repeatedly proven by several hundred works in the past few decades; in recent years, the study of selenium nanocomplexes has become the focus of researchers. A large amount of accumulated data requires generalization and systematization in order to improve understanding of the key mechanisms and prospects for the use of selenium nanoparticles in medicine, which is the purpose of this review.

scholarly journals Rho-Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Oedema

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Milagros Mateos-Olivares ◽  
Luis García-Onrubia ◽  
Fco. Javier Valentín-Bravo ◽  
Rogelio González-Sarmiento ◽  
Maribel Lopez-Galvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Anti Vegf

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is one of the leading causes of vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). New insights in managing this condition have changed the paradigm in its treatment, with intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) having become the standard therapy for DMO worldwide. However, there is no single standard therapy for all patients DMO refractory to anti-VEGF treatment; thus, further investigation is still needed. The key obstacles in developing suitable therapeutics for refractory DMO lie in its complex pathophysiology; therefore, there is an opportunity for further improvements in the progress and applications of new drugs. Previous studies have indicated that Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase/ROCK) is an essential molecule in the pathogenesis of DMO. This is why the Rho/ROCK signalling pathway has been proposed as a possible target for new treatments. The present review focuses on the recent progress on the possible role of ROCK and its therapeutic potential in DMO. A systematic literature search was performed, covering the years 1991 to 2021, using the following keywords: “rho-Associated Kinas-es”, “Diabetic Retinopathy”, “Macular Edema”, “Ripasudil”, “Fasudil” and “Netarsudil”. Better insight into the pathological role of Rho-kinase/ROCK may lead to the development of new strategies for refractory DMO treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): Impacts on Human Health

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório ◽  
Nayara Gomes Graciliano ◽  
Fabiana Andréa Moura ◽  
Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a medicine widely used to treat paracetamol overdose and as a mucolytic compound. It has a well-established safety profile, and its toxicity is uncommon and dependent on the route of administration and high dosages. Its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity is the biochemical basis used to treat several diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The primary role of NAC as an antioxidant stems from its ability to increase the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH), which is the most crucial biothiol responsible for cellular redox imbalance. As an anti-inflammatory compound, NAC can reduce levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β) by suppressing the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Despite NAC’s relevant therapeutic potential, in several experimental studies, its effectiveness in clinical trials, addressing different pathological conditions, is still limited. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the medicinal effects and applications of NAC to human health based on current therapeutic evidence.

scholarly journals BIOGENIC SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES FOR THEIR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
AWANISH KUMAR ◽  
KUMAR SURANJIT PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles

Biosynthesis is an eloquent, safe, biocompatible, eco-friendly, and recyclable way of preparing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Selenium occurs in multiple oxidation states, for example, +6, +4, 0, or −2. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with a very narrow margin between the lowest acceptable levels of intake and toxicity. Selenium is an essential trace element required for all living organisms. Despite its essentiality, selenium is a potentially toxic element to natural ecosystems due to its bioaccumulation potential that is why it is biologically available in the environment. Selenium is a trace element commonly found in materials of the earth’s crust, and it is essential for humans, animals, and plants. Oxyanions of selenium, that is selenite and selenate, are biologically available. Selenium in the form of selenate ion (SeO42−) is more toxic to most organisms than selenite (SeO32−). Contrarily, elemental selenium (Se0) is inOsoluble and less toxic in comparison to other forms of selenium. Nanoselenium (Se0) in the range of 100–500 nm has similar bioavailability to other forms of selenium into plants, animals, humans, and microorganisms. Biologically synthesized SeNP has many biological applications in the field of medical and pharmaceutical research to combat threats to human health. Biogenic SeNPs have anticancer (cytotoxic) activity, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity. Researches are going on with special interest of SeNPs. Conjugation of antibiotics with SeNPs enhances their anticancer efficacy. SeNPs have also applications in nanobiosensors and environmental remediation.

Therapeutic potential and biological role of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in multiple sclerosis pathology

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerty Schreibelt ◽  
Jack van Horssen ◽  
Saskia van Rossum ◽  
Christine D. Dijkstra ◽  
Benjamin Drukarch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

scholarly journals Schisantherin A Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Activated Microglia: Role of Nrf2 Activation Through ERK Phosphorylation

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1769-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuwen Li ◽  
Tongkai Chen ◽  
Hefeng Zhou ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Oxidative Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Schisantherin A

Background/Aims: In the present study, we investigated whether schisantherin A (StA) had anti-inflammatory effects under neuroinflammatory conditions. Methods: The effects of StA and its underlying mechanisms were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglial cells by ELISA, qPCR, EMSA, Western blot, and IHC. Results: Firstly, we found that StA inhibited the inflammatory response in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia. Secondly, we found that StA suppressed LPS-induced activation of NF-κB via interfering with degradation of IκB and phosphorylation of IκB, IKK, PI3K/Akt, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Thirdly, StA conferred indirect antioxidative effects via quenching ROS and promoted expression of antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1 and NQO-1, via stimulating activation of Nrf2 pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that anti-neuroinflammatory actions of StA were dependent on ERK phosphorylation-mediated Nrf2 activation. Conclusion: StA induced ERK phosphorylation-mediated Nrf2 activation, which contributed to its anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. The anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of StA may show preventive therapeutic potential for various neuroinflammatory disorders.

Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: a review on nutritional and therapeutic potential of Pithecellobium dulce

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha ◽  
Sudarsanan Drishya ◽  
Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
Keyword(s):  
Combinatorial Chemistry ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract The review describes botanical aspects, bioactive phytocompounds and pharmacological properties of different parts of Pithecellobium dulce, with special emphasis on the nutritional status of its fruits. The different parts of plant extract have been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, cardio protective, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-ulcerogenic, larvicidal and ovicidal activities. Different parts of plant extracts were reported to contain several bioactive phytocompounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids etc. Natural products discovered so far served as a viable source for new drugs. Over the past few years, continued and perpetual attention of people has been paid to medicinal plants in connection with its remarkable importance in drug discovery. Plant products always remains a drug of choice for the identification of novel leads despite facing a tough competition from existing synthetic alternatives derived from combinatorial chemistry, owing to their efficacy, side effects, and safety. P. dulce is a highly acclaimed genus in traditional system of medicine because of its versatile nutraceutical and pharmacological properties. In this review we discuss in detail about nutritional and various therapeutic properties of P. dulce.

scholarly journals Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome as a New Therapeutic Option for Overcoming Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2297
Author(s):  
Sonia Missiroli ◽  
Mariasole Perrone ◽  
Caterina Boncompagni ◽  
Chiara Borghi ◽  
Alberto Campagnaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Interleukin 18 ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Therapy Target

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that regulate the maturation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1βand interleukin-18 (IL-18) in response to various intracellular stimuli. As a member of the inflammasomes family, NLRP3 is the most studied and best characterized inflammasome and has been shown to be involved in several pathologies. Recent findings have made it increasingly apparent that the NLRP3 inflammasome may also play a central role in tumorigenesis, and it has attracted attention as a potential anticancer therapy target. In this review, we discuss the role of NLRP3 in the development and progression of cancer, offering a detailed summary of NLRP3 inflammasome activation (and inhibition) in the pathogenesis of various forms of cancer. Moreover, we focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting NLRP3 for cancer therapy, emphasizing how understanding NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent cancer mechanisms might guide the development of new drugs that target the inflammatory response of tumor-associated cells.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Selenium and Selenium Compounds in Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110018
Author(s):  
Ewa Jablonska ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Edyta Reszka ◽  
Edyta Wieczorek ◽  
Kateryna Tarhonska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Selenium Compounds

Cervical cancer is a common female cancer. It is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, HPV infection alone is not sufficient to induce cervical cancer because its development is dependent on the coexistence of several factors that enable the virus to overcome the host immune system. These include individual genetic background, environmental factors, or diet, including dietary selenium intake. Selenium is an essential trace element with antiviral properties and has been shown to exert antitumor effects. Surprisingly, the role of selenium in cervical cancer has not been studied as intensively as in other cancers. Here, we have summarized the existing experimental data on selenium and cervical cancer. It may be helpful in evaluating the role of this nutrient in treatment of the mentioned malignancy as well as in planning further studies in this area.

Toward improved human health: efficacy of dietary selenium on immunity at the cellular level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaojing xia ◽  
Xiulin Zhang ◽  
Mingcheng Liu ◽  
Mingyuan Duan ◽  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Dietary Selenium

Selenium, an essential trace element in the body, participates in various biological processes in the form of selenoproteins. In humans, a suitable concentration of selenium is essential for maintaining normal...

scholarly journals Navigating through the Maze of Homogeneous Catalyst Design with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel dos Passos Gomes ◽  
Robert Pollice ◽  
Alan Aspuru-Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Catalyst Design ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
The Past

<div><div><div><p>The ability to forge difficult chemical bonds through catalysis has transformed society on all fronts, from feeding our ever-growing populations to increasing our life-expectancies through the synthesis of new drugs. However, developing new chemical reactions and catalytic systems is a tedious task that requires tremendous discovery and optimization efforts. Over the past decade, advances in machine learning have revolutionized a whole new way to approach data- intensive problems, and many of these developments have started to enter chemistry. However, similar progress in the field of homogenous catalysis are only in their infancy. In this article, we want to outline our vision for the future of catalyst design and the role of machine learning to navigate this maze.</p></div></div></div>

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