scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Selenium and Selenium Compounds in Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110018
Author(s):  
Ewa Jablonska ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Edyta Reszka ◽  
Edyta Wieczorek ◽  
Kateryna Tarhonska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Essential Trace Element ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Selenium Compounds

Cervical cancer is a common female cancer. It is strongly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, HPV infection alone is not sufficient to induce cervical cancer because its development is dependent on the coexistence of several factors that enable the virus to overcome the host immune system. These include individual genetic background, environmental factors, or diet, including dietary selenium intake. Selenium is an essential trace element with antiviral properties and has been shown to exert antitumor effects. Surprisingly, the role of selenium in cervical cancer has not been studied as intensively as in other cancers. Here, we have summarized the existing experimental data on selenium and cervical cancer. It may be helpful in evaluating the role of this nutrient in treatment of the mentioned malignancy as well as in planning further studies in this area.

The role of programmed cell death ligand-1/ programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) in HPV-induced cervical cancer and potential for their use in blockade therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Quanmei Tu ◽  
Xiangyang Xue ◽  
Xueqiong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Background: Cervical cancer induced by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a leading cause of mortality for women worldwide although preventive vaccines and early diagnosis have reduced morbidity and mortality. Advanced cervical cancer can only be treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy but outcomes are poor. The median survival for advanced cervical cancer patients is only 16.8 months. Methods: We undertook a structural search of peer-reviewed published studies based on 1). Characteristics of programmed cell death ligand-1/programmed cell death-1(PD-L1/PD-1) expression in cervical cancer and upstream regulatory signals of PD-L1/PD-1 expression, 2). The role of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in cervical carcinogenesis induced by HPV infection and 3). Whether the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has emerged as a potential target for cervical cancer therapies. Results: One hundred and twenty-six published papers were included in the review, demonstrating that expression of PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with HPV-caused cancer, especially with HPV 16 and 18 which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. HPV E5/E6/E7 oncogenes activate multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, STAT3/NF-kB and MicroRNAs, which regulate PD-L1/PD-1 axis to promote HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. The PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in immune escape of cervical cancer through inhibition of host immune response. creating an "immune-privileged" site for initial viral infection and subsequent adaptive immune resistance, which provides a rationale for therapeutic blockade of this axis in HPV-positive cancers. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the effects of PD-L1/PD-1 targeted therapies are in progress for cervical carcinoma, which provide an important opportunity for the application of anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 antibodies in cervical cancer treatment. Conclusion: Recent research developments have led to an entirely new class of drugs using antibodies against the PD-L1/PD-1 thus promoting the body’s immune system to fight the cancer. The expression and roles of the PD-L1/ PD-1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer provide great potential for using PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies as a targeted cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cervical Cancer: From Preclinical to Clinical Data

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Simona Duranti ◽  
Antonella Pietragalla ◽  
Gennaro Daniele ◽  
Camilla Nero ◽  
Francesca Ciccarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Relapsed Disease

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the recognized cause of almost all cervical cancers. Despite the reduction in incidence due to a wide use of screening programs and a specific vaccine, the prognosis of cervical cancer remains poor, especially for late-stage and relapsed disease. Considering the elevated rates of PD-L1 expression in up to 80% of cervical cancers, a strong rationale supports the use of immunotherapy to restore the immune response against tumor. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cervical cancer treatment, with a particular focus on the rationale and on the results of phase I and II clinical trials. An overview of ongoing phase III studies with possible future areas of development is also provided.

scholarly journals Role of inflammasome genetics in susceptibility to HPV infection and cervical cancer development

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1646-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pontillo ◽  
P. Bricher ◽  
V.N.C. Leal ◽  
S. Lima ◽  
P.R.E. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cervical Cancer Development

scholarly journals PVT1 Assumes Signifying Capacity in Cervical Cancer Diagnosis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangqing Cao ◽  
Lei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Role

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most prevalent malignancy among women, which severely threatens patients’ health. The study was conducted to determine the diagnostic role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in CC to improve patients outcomes.Methods: The qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of PVT1 mRNA in CC samples and healthy controls. Chi-square test was used to determine the clinical effects of patients’ features on PVT1 expression. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve with the area under the curve (AUC) was used as a tool for assessing the diagnostic role of PVT1 expression in CC.Results: The PVT1 mRNA level was significantly higher in CC samples than healthy controls (P<0.0001). Large tumor size (P=0.006), positive uterus infiltration (P=0.031) and advanced FIGO stages (P=0.011) were contributed to the elevated expression of PVT1 level. However, there was no close relationship between PVT1 expression and other clinical parameters, including age (P=0.205), family history (P=0.073), positive HPV infection (P=0.155 and histological type (P=0.159). The ROC curve showed the optimal cutoff point for PVT1 was 2.325, providing the sensitivity and specificity of 85.84% and 72.15%, respectively. Moreover, the AUC was 0.856, suggesting PVT1 level could be regarded as a diagnostic biomarker in CC (P<0.0001, 95%CI= 0.803-0.909).Conclusion: In summary, the level of PVT1 mRNA was significantly increased in CC samples and the up-regulation of PVT1 could distinguish CC patients from healthy controls.

scholarly journals Role of Regulatory B Cells in the Progression of Cervical Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Chen ◽  
Yuejie Zhu ◽  
Rong Du ◽  
Nannan Pang ◽  
Fengbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Percentage

This study is to investigate the role of regulatory B (Breg) cells in cervical cancer. In total, 70 cases of cervical cancer, 52 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 40 normal controls were enrolled. The percentage of Breg cells was detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The correlation between Breg cells and the clinical characterizations of cervical cancer was analyzed. The inhibition effect of Breg cells on CD8+ T cells was tested by blocking IL-10 in vitro. The percentage of CD19+CD5+CD1d+ Breg cells and the level of IL-10 of patients with cervical cancer or CIN were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). And the postoperative levels of Breg cells and IL-10 were significantly lower than the preoperative levels (P<0.05). Breg cells and the IL-10 level were positively correlated in cervical cancer patients (r=0.516). In addition, the Breg cell percentage was closely related to the FIGO stages, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, HPV infection, and the tumor metastasis of cervical cancer (P<0.05). The Breg cell percentage was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells of cervical cancer patients (r=‐0.669). The level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of Bregs treated with CpG was significantly higher than that of non-Bregs (P<0.05). After coculture with Bregs, the quantity of CD8+ T cells to secrete perforin and Granzyme B was significantly decreased, and this effect was reversed after blocking IL-10 by a specific antibody. Breg cells are elevated in cervical cancer and associated with disease progression and metastasis. Moreover, they can inhibit the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.

Deregulation of miR-21 and miR-29a in Cervical Cancer Related to HPV Infection

MicroRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zamani ◽  
Amir Sohrabi ◽  
Seyed Masoud Hosseini ◽  
Marjan Rahnamaye-Farzami ◽  
Abolfazl Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Papilloma Virus

Background:Early diagnosis is an important factor to improve the survival of Invasive Cervical Cancer (ICC) patients. Molecular biomarkers such as micro RNA (miRNA) can be used in the early detection of ICC. The expression of miR-21 and miR-29a are deregulated in many types of human cancers.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in miR-21 and miR-29a expression patterns in the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and various grades of cervical cancer among Iranian women.Methods:Small RNAs were extracted from positive for HPV, cervical cancer and healthy samples from 43, 50 and 46 individuals, respectively. Expression levels of miR-21 and miR-29a were analyzed by SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR using specific primers, and 5s rRNA as the internal reference gene.Results:Results have shown a significant increase in miR-21 and decrease in miR-29 in cancerous samples in comparison with the control groups (P < 0.0001).Conclusion:This study illustrated that miR-21 and miR-29a could be operated as an oncogene and tumor-suppressor in cervical cancer progression. More studies are needed to demonstrate the role of miR-21 and miR-29a as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cervical cancer in future investigations.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus and endometrial cancer (review of literature and meta-analysis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
M. К. Ibragimova ◽  
E. V. Kokorina ◽  
М. M. Tsyganov ◽  
О. N. Churuksaeva ◽  
N. V. Litviakov
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Cancer Review

The important role of human papillomavirus (HPV) of high carcinogenic risk in the emergence and development of cervical cancer is undeniable. Approximately 90 % of cases of verified cervical cancer are HPV positive. The level of infection with this virus exceeds that of gonococci, chlamydia and yeast infections. Currently, one of the most discussed issues is the possibility of the association of HPV with the risk of developing malignant neoplasms when localized in organs that are anatomically close to the cervix. One of these localizations is the body of the uterus. It is known that endometrial cancer is based on its pronounced hormone dependence. Nevertheless, many factors are involved in the carcinogenesis of endometrial neoplasms, including genetic and epigenetic disorders, as well as risk factors, which include alimentary, hormonal, hereditary causes. At the same time, a controversial issue is the involvement of HPV in the development of this type of cancer. The data on the presence of HPV in endometrial cancer are extremely contradictory: the researchers claim both the complete absence of the effect of the virus on the development of this type of cancer, and the detection of HPV in 60–80 % of cases of tumors. In this regard, it becomes necessary to systematize the currently available research results on this issue and to conduct a meta-analysis of the association of HPV infection with the risk of endometrial cancer.

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Cervical Cancer Pathogenesis: Mechanism and Potential Role for PARP Inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis C. Kotsopoulos ◽  
Ali Kucukmetin ◽  
Asima Mukhopadhyay ◽  
John Lunec ◽  
Nicola J. Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

AbstractTreatment options for disease recurrence of women treated for locally advanced and advanced cervical cancer are very limited—largely palliative chemotherapy. The low efficacy of the currently available drugs raises the need for new targeted agents. Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a promising class of chemotherapeutic agents in cancers associated with defects in DNA repair. Their therapeutic potential in cervical cancer is currently being evaluated in 3 ongoing clinical trials. Here we review the available information regarding all the aspects of PARP in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer, from expression and the mechanism of action to the role of the polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as the potential of the inhibitors. We finally propose a new unifying theory regarding the role of PARPs in the development of cervical carcinomas.

The Role of Selenium Compounds in Cancer Therapy

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Batist ◽  
A.G. Katki ◽  
V.J. Ferrans ◽  
C.E. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Experimental evidence is presented that demonstrates the impact of selenium on the effects of a variety of anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase can detoxify organic peroxides resulting from some of these treatments. Selenium deficiency has also been associated with significant changes in liver enzymes that activate some drugs and contribute to detoxification. Some forms of free selenium have cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cell lines, both murine and human. Experimental data suggest that catalytic oxidation of cellular glutathione and reduction of molecular oxygen are part of the mechanism of this antitumor activity. This provides provocative possibilities for the inclusion of selenium into cancer therapy regimens.

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