scholarly journals PPARγ—A Factor Linking Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity with Placental Pathologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13167
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kwiatkowski ◽  
Anna Kajdy ◽  
Katarzyna Stefańska ◽  
Magdalena Bednarek-Jędrzejek ◽  
Sylwia Dzidek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Receptor Family ◽  
Overall Mortality

Obesity is a known factor in the development of preeclampsia. This paper links adipose tissue pathologies with aberrant placental development and the resulting preeclampsia. PPARγ, a transcription factor from the ligand-activated nuclear hormone receptor family, appears to be one common aspect of both pathologies. It is the master regulator of adipogenesis in humans. At the same time, its aberrantly low activity has been observed in placental pathologies. Overweight and obesity are very serious health problems worldwide. They have negative effects on the overall mortality rate. Very importantly, they are also conducive to diseases linked to impaired placental development, including preeclampsia. More and more people in Europe are suffering from overweight (35.2%) and obesity (16%) (EUROSTAT 2021 data), some of them young women planning pregnancy. As a result, we will be increasingly encountering obese pregnant women with a considerable risk of placental development disorders, including preeclampsia. An appreciation of the mechanisms shared by these two conditions may assist in their prevention and treatment. Clearly, it should not be forgotten that health education concerning the need for a proper diet and physical activity is of utmost importance here.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Mali: what are the determinants?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽  
Albert Apotele Nyaaba
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Abstract Background Existing evidence suggests that there has been a surge of overweight and obesity in low- and middle-income countries around the world. In this study we investigated the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among women in Mali. Methods We conducted the study among 5198 women using the 2018 Mali Demographic and Health Survey data. We used binary logistic regression for the analysis and pegged statistical significance at p<0.05. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.9%. The likelihood of overweight and obesity was high among women 40–44 y of age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.94 [confidence interval {CI} 4.10 to 8.60]), those who were widowed/divorced/separated (AOR 1.59 [CI 1.04 to 2.43]), those with secondary education (AOR 1.41 [CI 1.13 to 1.75]), richest women (AOR 3.61 [CI 2.63 to 4.95]), those who watched television at least once a week (AOR 1.28 [CI 1.07 to 1.52]) and those who lived in the Kidal region (AOR 10.71 [CI 7.05 to 16.25]). Conversely, the likelihood of overweight and obesity was low among women who belonged to other religions compared with Muslims (AOR 0.63 [CI 0.43 to 0.92]). Conclusions This study found a predominance of overweight and obesity among women in Mali. The study showed that age, marital status, education, religion, region of residence, wealth status and frequency of watching television are associated with overweight and obesity among women in Mali. It is therefore critical for public health promotion programs in Mali to sensitize people to the negative effects associated with overweight and obesity. This implies that policies aimed at controlling overweight and obesity in Mali must take these factors into consideration.

scholarly journals Hydration study of mechanically activated mixtures of Portland cement and fly ash

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Stefanovic ◽  
Ljubica Cojbasic ◽  
Zivko Sekulic ◽  
Srdjan Matijasevic
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Dta And Tg ◽  
Low Activity

Fly ash (FA) can be used in cement mixtures with certain limitations. The problem of the mentioned mixtures lies in the insufficient activity of the particles of FA in the reactions which are important for the establishment of the mechanical characteristics of cement. This is particularly true for the hydration reactions. As a result of this, cement pastes formed by mixing ash and clinker have worse characteristics compared to those of pure Portland cement (PC), especially in the early period of setting. As is well known, FA can be a good solution for the neutralization of the negative effects generated due to the creation of free Ca(OH)2 during the hydration of PC, provided that the problems with the low activity of FAare overcome. For the experiments in this study, a mixture of Portland cement and fly ash was used, the content of ash in the mixture being 30 % and 50 %. Mechanical activation was performed in a vibrating ring mill. The goal of this study was to demonstrate, through experimental results, that during the mechanical activation of a PC and FA mixture, the components in the mixture which mostly affect the direction, rate and range of hydration reactions occurring in the mixture had been activated. The values of the compressive strength of the activated and non-activated mixtures and the changes of their specific surface area proved that during the grinding process, the mixture PC+FA had been mechanically activated. The highest increase of compressive strength was achieved in the early period of setting, which indicates an improvement in the early hydration of the mixture. XRD, DTA and TG analyses showed that the alite (C3S) and belite (C2S) from the PC and a part of the fly ash were activated. .

The heuristics that guide healthiness perception of ultra-processed foods: a qualitative exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 2932-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Machín ◽  
Lucía Antúnez ◽  
María Rosa Curutchet ◽  
Gastón Ares
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Processed Products

AbstractObjective:To explore the conceptualisation of healthy food by citizens and how they judge the healthiness of ultra-processed foods.Design:Four focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured discussion guide. Focus group discussions were held about the concept of healthy food, what characterise a healthy product and healthiness perception of ultra-processed products. Transcripts of the focus groups were analysed following an inductive coding approach.Setting:Uruguay, one of the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity.Participants:Fifty-two adult Uruguayan participants, diverse in terms of gender, age, educational level and socio-economic status.Results:In agreement with previous studies on lay perceptions of healthy eating, the conceptualisation of healthy food was mainly focused on food characteristics. Although participants regarded lack of processing as a cue for healthiness, they did not categorise all ultra-processed products as unhealthy. Albeit some product categories were automatically regarded as unhealthy, participants considered that other categories could include healthy and unhealthy products. In such cases, they explicitly referred to several simplified cognitive strategies to judge whether an ultra-processed product is healthy or not. Results showed that participants tended to rely on simple cues, such as label design, nutrient claims, brand, price and country of origin as indicators of product healthiness.Conclusions:Healthiness perception of ultra-processed products seems to be largely influenced by heuristics, which stresses the need to implement policies that make the potential negative effects of ultra-processed products salient.

scholarly journals Role of Overweight and Obesity in Gastrointestinal Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Emerenziani ◽  
Michele Pier Luca Guarino ◽  
Laura Trillo Asensio ◽  
Annamaria Altomare ◽  
Mentore Ribolsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Overall Mortality

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a severe impairment of overall health. Actually, obesity has been associated with several pathological conditions, causing an excess overall mortality. In particular, overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders i.e., functional GI disorders as well as, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, and GI cancer. The aim of the present review is to summarize the potential role of overweight and obesity in GI disease with particular focus on plausible biological mechanisms that could explain the association between obesity and GI disease based on the most recent evidence in the literature.

scholarly journals Diet and physical activity as determinants of weight gain, overweight and obesity: The WCRF/AICR evidence and policy implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Bandurek ◽  
Emily Almond ◽  
Susannah Brown ◽  
Giota Mitrou ◽  
Ifigeneia Bourgiezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Adults And Children

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, over 1.97 billion adults and 338 million children and adolescents are living with overweight and obesity, increasing the risk of numerous co-morbidities, including at least 12 cancers(1). WCRF/AICR conducted a literature review of diet and physical activity as determinants of weight gain, overweight and obesity in adults and children. We also introduce a novel evidence-based policy framework for promoting physical activity, and linked database, currently in development as part of the EU-funded CO-CREATE project on child and adolescent obesity prevention.Materials and MethodsEvidence on diet and physical activity as determinants and risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity was systematically extracted from existing reviews and a systematic search for recent meta-analyses, then collated and analysed. The WCRF Continuous Update Project Expert Panel drew conclusions about which exposures influence risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity, using pre-defined criteria that included evidence of biological plausibility.ResultsThe Panel identified strong evidence that several diet and physical activity related exposures influence the risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity in adults and children (see table 1). Separate conclusions were drawn for adults and children in relation to screen time, considered a marker of sedentary time.However, the Panel noted that as exposures tend to cluster, physiologically interact and share common biological mechanisms, they should not be regarded as absolutely ‘singular'but an integrated concept of interrelated exposures within a pattern of lifestyle. Table 1.Risk of weight gain, overweight and obesitySTRONG EVIDENCEDECREASES RISKINCREASES RISKCONVINCINGWalkingScreen time (children)Sugar sweetened drinksPROBABLEAerobic physical activityFoods containing dietary fibre‘Mediterranean type’ dietary patternHaving been breastfedScreen time (adults)‘Fast foods’‘Western type’ dietFor full list of footnotes, see Energy Balance and Body Fatness report(1).DiscussionHealthy dietary patterns help prevent excess weight gain. Achieving such patterns requires attention to the broader economic, environmental and social factors that influence and constrain people's behaviour. The findings of this report support the need for evidence-based public health policy to help create health-enabling environments, particularly for children and adolescents. The WCRF International MOVING framework(2) presents a package of policies to promote physical activity, which alongside wider public health policy can help address the multiple drivers of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Nulliparity is associated with less healthy markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease in young women with overweight and obesity

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Anderson Niemczyk ◽  
Janet M. Catov ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
Candace K. McClure ◽  
James M. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease

From Cradle to Classroom: High Birth Weight and Cognitive Outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resul Cesur ◽  
Inas Rashad Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Overweight Child ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lower Test

While the effects of low birth weight have long been explored, the literature on the effects of high birth weight is sparse. However, with increasing obesity rates in the United States, high birth weight has become a potential concern, and has been associated in the medical literature with an increased likelihood of becoming an overweight child, adolescent, and subsequently an obese adult. Overweight and obesity, in turn, are associated with a host of negative effects, including lower test scores in school and lower labor market prospects when adults. If studies only focus on low birth weight, they may underestimate the effects of ensuring that mothers receive adequate support during pregnancy. This study finds that cognitive outcomes are adversely affected not only by low birth weight (<2500 grams) but also by high birth weight (>4500 grams). Our results have policy implications in terms of provision of support for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Obesity indices in relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors among young adult female students

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 918-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Farajian ◽  
Efthimia Renti ◽  
Yannis Manios
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Central Fat

The objective of the present study was to compare the percentage of body fat (%BF), BMI, and central fat distribution anthropometric measures as indices of obesity and to assess the respective associations with cardiovascular risk factors in young female students. Subjects were 220 healthy Greek female students. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate %BF, anthropometric measurements were obtained and blood samples were analysed for CVD risk factors. Results showed that 48·6 % of students had increased adiposity, while a considerable proportion was characterised by central fat distribution irrespective of the anthropometric index used. The proportion of subjects with at least one metabolic risk factor present was 60·4 %. Although %BF was not associated with any of the CVD risk factors, waist circumference, waist:hip ratio and waist:height ratio were all associated with CVD risk factors. Higher levels of these anthropometric variables demonstrated higher prevalence of CVD risk factors. The lack of association between %BF and CVD risk factors could be attributed to the fact that females with undesirable adiposity had a tendency for the gynaecoid type of obesity. In contrast, the present results suggest that central body fat distribution in young women may reflect increased risk due to high visceral and particularly intra-abdominal fat levels. Recent epidemiological data from Greece show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults. Therefore, assessing the risk for the presence of CVD risk factors is of particular importance. Central obesity anthropometric indices seem to be valuable screening tools for young women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document