scholarly journals The Transcriptomic Landscape of Molecular Effects after Sublethal Exposure to Dinotefuran on Apis mellifera

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Yuhao Zhang ◽  
Yali Du ◽  
Weihua Ma ◽  
Jinjia Liu ◽  
Yusuo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Go Annotation ◽  
Molecular Effects

The decreasing number of bees is a global ecological problem. With the advancement of agricultural modernisation, the large-scale use of neonicotinoid insecticides is one of the main factors leading to the decline of bees. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and the mechanisms underlying bees impaired by dinotefuran. Acute (48 h) oral toxicity tests showed that a 5% lethal concentration (LC5) was 0.220 mg/L, and a 20% lethal concentration (LC20) was 0.458 mg/L. The gene expression profile shows that when compared with the control group, the LC5 group induced 206 significantly upregulated, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 363 significantly downregulated DEGs, while the LC20 group induced 180 significantly upregulated DEGs and 419 significantly downregulated DEGs. Significantly, transcriptomic analysis revealed DEGs involved in immunity, detoxification, and the nervous system, such as antimicrobial peptides, vitellogenin, synaptotagmin-10, AChE-2, and nAChRa9. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in amino acid and fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. Collectively, our findings will help clarify the deleterious physiological and behavioural impacts of dinotefuran on bees and provide a basis for future research on the mechanisms underlying bees impaired by dinotefuran.

Statistical methods for unidirectional switch designs: Past, present, and future

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2872-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuozhao Zhan ◽  
Geertruida H de Bock ◽  
Edwin R van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
New Treatment

Clinical trials may apply or use a sequential introduction of a new treatment to determine its efficacy or effectiveness with respect to a control treatment. The reasons for choosing a particular switch design have different origins. For instance, they may be implemented for ethical or logistic reasons or for studying disease-modifying effects. Large-scale pragmatic trials with complex interventions often use stepped wedge designs (SWDs), where all participants start at the control group, and during the trial, the control treatment is switched to the new intervention at different moments. They typically use cross-sectional data and cluster randomization. On the other hand, new drugs for inhibition of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease typically use delayed start designs (DSDs). Here, participants start in a parallel group design and at a certain moment in the trial, (part of) the control group switches to the new treatment. The studies are longitudinal in nature, and individuals are being randomized. Statistical methods for these unidirectional switch designs (USD) are quite complex and incomparable, and they have been developed by various authors under different terminologies, model specifications, and assumptions. This imposes unnecessary barriers for researchers to compare results or choose the most appropriate method for their own needs. This paper provides an overview of past and current statistical developments for the USDs (SWD and DSD). All designs are formulated in a unified framework of treatment patterns to make comparisons between switch designs easier. The focus is primarily on statistical models, methods of estimation, sample size calculation, and optimal designs for estimation of the treatment effect. Other relevant open issues are being discussed as well to provide suggestions for future research in USDs.

Death Anxiety Reduction as the Result of Exposure to a Death and Dying Symposium

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Waldman ◽  
Charles Davidshofer
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Colorado State University

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of a three-week death and dying symposium at Colorado State University on attitudes and anxiety related to death, dying, and grief. A prepost control group design was employed using psychology undergraduate students as participants. Because of an overall finding of low participant attendance at the symposium events, participants who attended at least one event were assigned to the treatment group for data analyses. Results indicated lower death anxiety for students in both the treatment and control groups. The findings are discussed in terms of the widespread media coverage and informal discussions which accompany large-scale symposiums. Future research is suggested regarding the dynamic effects of such death and dying symposiums in relation to both attendants and nonattendants.

scholarly journals Chinese Herbal Medicine Banxiaxiexin Decoction Treating Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Tian ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Jiangquan Liao ◽  
Junling Li ◽  
Xiaolin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Diabetic Gastroparesis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objective. To assess the current clinical evidence of Banxiaxiexin decoction for diabetic gastroparesis (DGP).Methods. Electronic databases were searched until December 2012. No language limitations were applied. We included RCTs using Banxiaxiexin decoction/modified Banxiaxiexin decoction for DGP. No restriction for the control group except acupuncture. Applying clinical effective rate as the main outcome index. Data extraction, analyses and quality assessment were conducted according to the Cochrane review standards.Results. 16 RCTs involving 1302 patients were finally identified, and the methodological quality was evaluated as generally low. The data showed that the effect of Banxiaxiexin decoction (BXXD) for DGP was superior to the control group (n=1302, RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.29,Z=8.04,P<0.00001). Only one trial recorded adverse events, no obvious adverse event occurred.Conclusions. Banxiaxiexin decoction could regain the gastric emptying rate and improve diabetic gastrointestinal symptoms. However, the methodological quality of included studies is low, and long term efficacy and safety are still uncertain, which indicates that the findings above should be read with caution. Thereby, well-designed, large-scale, and high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials with scientific rigor are warranted for stronger evidence in future research.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 via oral toxicity tests in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239784731880737
Author(s):  
Satoshi Arai ◽  
Jun-ichi Minami ◽  
Masamichi Muto ◽  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Koji Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Dose Oral

In this study, the safety of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274, a probiotic bifidobacterial strain, was assessed by single-dose and 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity studies. In the single-dose oral toxicity assay using 6000 mg/kg of B. breve MCC1274 corresponding to 8.4 × 1011 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg, mortality and adverse effects were not observed. Furthermore, the administration of 1000 mg/kg of B. breve MCC1274 by oral gavage in saline for 90 days did not induce any signs of toxicity, such as changes in clinical signs, body weight (BW), food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weight, gross pathology, and histopathology compared to the control group given cornstarch in saline (10/sex/group). The no-observed-adverse-effect-level of B. breve MCC1274 in the 90-day repeated-dose toxicity study was greater than 1000 mg/kg corresponding to 1.3 × 1011 CFU/kg. Based on the findings of this study, the acceptable daily intake of B. breve MCC1274 was calculated to be 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg BW/day.

scholarly journals Planococcus maritimus ML1206 Isolated from Wild Oysters Enhances the Survival of Caenorhabditis elegans against Vibrio anguillarum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ying-Xiu Li ◽  
Nan-Nan Wang ◽  
Yan-Xia Zhou ◽  
Chun-Guo Lin ◽  
Jing-Shan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Transmission Electron

With the widespread occurrence of aquaculture diseases and the broad application of antibiotics, drug-resistant pathogens have increasingly affected aquatic animals’ health. Marine probiotics, which live under high pressure in a saltwater environment, show high potential as a substitute for antibiotics in the field of aquatic disease control. In this study, twenty strains of non-hemolytic bacteria were isolated from the intestine of wild oysters and perch, and a model of Caenorhabditis elegans infected by Vibrio anguillarum was established. Based on the model, ML1206, which showed a 99% similarity of 16S rRNA sequence to Planococcus maritimus, was selected as a potential marine probiotic, with strong antibacterial capabilities and great acid and bile salt tolerance, to protect Caenorhabditis elegans from being damaged by Vibrio anguillarum. Combined with plate counting and transmission electron microscopy, it was found that strain ML1206 could significantly inhibit Vibrio anguillarum colonization in the intestinal tract of Caenorhabditis elegans. Acute oral toxicity tests in mice showed that ML1206 was safe and non-toxic. The real-time qPCR results showed a higher expression level of genes related to the antibacterial peptide (ilys-3) and detoxification (ugt-22, cyp-35A3, and cyp-14A3) in the group of Caenorhabditis elegans protected by ML1206 compared to the control group. It is speculated that ML1206, as a potential probiotic, may inhibit the infection caused by Vibrio anguillarum through stimulating Caenorhabditis elegans to secrete antibacterial effectors and detoxification proteins. This paper provides a new direction for screening marine probiotics and an experimental basis to support the potential application of ML1206 as a marine probiotic in aquaculture.

scholarly journals SUBCHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY TEST FOR 28 DAYS OF SAUROPUS ANDROGYNOUS L. MERR. LEAVES SOUP IN WISTAR FEMALE RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
AGUSLINA KIRTISHANTI ◽  
RIDHO ISLAMIE
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Liver Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. leaves soup. Methods: Subchronic oral toxicity tests were carried out for 28 days in female Wistar rats using conventional methods. Thirty rats were divided into six groups, namely, one control group and three test groups with each extract being given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1000 mg/kg BW, and 3000 mg/kg BW, and one group satellite control and satellite test group with doses of 3000 mg/kg BW were carried out for 14 days after 28 days of treatment to see the effects of reversibility. All rat groups were observed for behavior, development of BW, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatinine serum, ratio of liver and lung organs to BW, and histology of liver and lung. Results: The macroscopic observation of rat’s lung and rat weight ratio did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). In addition, the ratio of liver volume to BW was significantly different between the doses of 1000 mg/kg BW and 3000 mg/kg BW with satellite groups 3000 mg/kg BW (p<0.05). Levels of SGOT and SGPT as well as liver and lung histopathology scores did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). However, creatinine serum had the highest increase at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW and a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. Reversibility effects were not seen after 14 days of the past day given Sauropus androgynous soup for 28 days in female Wistar rats. Conclusion: The given of S. androgynous soup for 28 days for female Wistar rats did not show any specific toxicity effect so that its use was relatively safe for the consumption under 30 days. This study is expected to be the information source about the safety profile of S. androgynus leaves soup consumption.

Change of Attitude, Technology and Practice: Identifying the Change for Increased Value Creation with Customer Co-creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Soumi Paul ◽  
Paola Peretti ◽  
Saroj Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Competencies ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Prime Concern

Building customer relationships and customer equity is the prime concern in today’s business decisions. The emergence of internet, especially social media like Facebook and Twitter, changed traditional marketing thought to a great extent. The importance of customer orientation is reflected in the axiom, “The customer is the king”. A good number of organizations are engaging customers in their new product development activities via social media platforms. Co-creation, a new perspective in which customers are active co-creators of the products they buy and use, is currently challenging the traditional paradigm. The concept of co-creation involving the customer’s knowledge, creativity and judgment to generate value is considered not only an upcoming trend that introduces new products or services but also fitting their need and increasing value for money. Knowledge and innovation are inseparable. Knowledge management competencies and capacities are essential to any organization that aspires to be distinguished and innovative. The present work is an attempt to identify the change in value creation procedure along with one area of business, where co-creation can return significant dividends. It is on extending the brand or brand category through brand extension or line extension. This article, through an in depth literature review analysis, identifies the changes in every perspective of this paradigm shift and it presents a conceptual model of company-customer-brand-based co-creation activity via social media. The main objective is offering an agenda for future research of this emerging trend and ensuring the way to move from theory to practice. The paper acts as a proposal; it allows the organization to go for this change in a large scale and obtain early feedback on the idea presented. 

Evaluation of Ovaries in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome using Shear Wave Elastography

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-583
Author(s):  
Aysegul Altunkeser ◽  
Zeynep Ozturk Inal ◽  
Nahide Baran
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Left Ovary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
The Right

Background: Shear wave electrography (SWE) is a novel non-invasive imaging technique which demonstrate tissue elasticity. Recent research evaluating the elasticity properties of normal and pathological tissues emphasize the diagnostic importance of this technique. Aims: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic overgrowth, may cause infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elasticity of ovaries in patients with PCOS using SWE. Methods: 66 patients diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria (PCOS = group I) and 72 patients with non-PCOS (Control = group II), were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Ovarian elasticity was assessed in all patients with SWE, and speed values were obtained from the ovaries. The elasticity of the ovaries was compared between the two groups. Results: While there were statistically significant differences between the groups in body mass index (BMI), right and left ovarian volumes, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels (p<0.05), no significant differences were found between groups I and II in the velocity (for the right ovary 3.89±1.81 vs. 2.93±0.72, p=0.301; for the left ovary 2.88±0.65 vs. 2.95±0.80, p=0.577) and elastography (for the right ovary 36.62±17.78 vs. 36.79±14.32, p=0.3952; for the left ovary 36.56±14.15 vs. 36.26±15.10, p=0.903) values, respectively. Conclusion: We could not obtain different velocity and elastography values from the ovaries of the patients with PCOS using SWE. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate this issue.

Overview of Subsynchronous Oscillation in Grid-connected Wind Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-979
Author(s):  
Xu Pei-Zhen ◽  
Lu Yong-Geng ◽  
Cao Xi-Min
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Subsynchronous Oscillation ◽  
Different Types

Background: Over the past few years, the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by the grid-connected wind farm had a bad influence on the stable operation of the system and has now become a bottleneck factor restricting the efficient utilization of wind power. How to mitigate and suppress the phenomenon of SSO of wind farms has become the focus of power system research. Methods: This paper first analyzes the SSO of different types of wind turbines, including squirrelcage induction generator based wind turbine (SCIG-WT), permanent magnet synchronous generator- based wind turbine (PMSG-WT), and doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG-WT). Then, the mechanisms of different types of SSO are proposed with the aim to better understand SSO in large-scale wind integrated power systems, and the main analytical methods suitable for studying the SSO of wind farms are summarized. Results: On the basis of results, using additional damping control suppression methods to solve SSO caused by the flexible power transmission devices and the wind turbine converter is recommended. Conclusion: The current development direction of the SSO of large-scale wind farm grid-connected systems is summarized and the current challenges and recommendations for future research and development are discussed.

scholarly journals Optimizing Manufacturing and Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Implants through Precision Casting and Calcium and Phosphorus Ion Implantation? In Vivo Results of a Large-Scale Animal Trial

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wölfle-Roos JV ◽  
Katmer Amet B ◽  
Fiedler J ◽  
Michels H ◽  
Kappelt G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Precision Casting ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Background: Uncemented implants are still associated with several major challenges, especially with regard to their manufacturing and their osseointegration. In this study, a novel manufacturing technique—an optimized form of precision casting—and a novel surface modification to promote osseointegration—calcium and phosphorus ion implantation into the implant surface—were tested in vivo. Methods: Cylindrical Ti6Al4V implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 110 rats. We compared two generations of cast Ti6Al4V implants (CAST 1st GEN, n = 22, and CAST 2nd GEN, n = 22) as well as cast 2nd GEN Ti6Al4V implants with calcium (CAST + CA, n = 22) and phosphorus (CAST + P, n = 22) ion implantation to standard machined Ti6Al4V implants (control, n = 22). After 4 and 12 weeks, maximal pull-out force and bone-to-implant contact rate (BIC) were measured and compared between all five groups. Results: There was no significant difference between all five groups after 4 weeks or 12 weeks with regard to pull-out force (p > 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test). Histomorphometric analysis showed no significant difference of BIC after 4 weeks (p > 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test), whereas there was a trend towards a higher BIC in the CAST + P group (54.8% ± 15.2%), especially compared to the control group (38.6% ± 12.8%) after 12 weeks (p = 0.053, Kruskal–Wallis test). Conclusion: In this study, we found no indication of inferiority of Ti6Al4V implants cast with the optimized centrifugal precision casting technique of the second generation compared to standard Ti6Al4V implants. As the employed manufacturing process holds considerable economic potential, mainly due to a significantly decreased material demand per implant by casting near net-shape instead of milling away most of the starting ingot, its application in manufacturing uncemented implants seems promising. However, no significant advantages of calcium or phosphorus ion implantation could be observed in this study. Due to the promising results of ion implantation in previous in vitro and in vivo studies, further in vivo studies with different ion implantation conditions should be considered.

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