scholarly journals Proteomics of Two Thermotolerant Isolates of Trichoderma under High-Temperature Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Sowmya Poosapati ◽  
Prasad Durga Ravulapalli ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Viswanathaswamy ◽  
Monica Kannan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Protein Response

Several species of the soil borne fungus of the genus Trichoderma are known to be versatile, opportunistic plant symbionts and are the most successful biocontrol agents used in today’s agriculture. To be successful in field conditions, the fungus must endure varying climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that a high atmospheric temperature coupled with low humidity is a major factor in the inconsistent performance of Trichoderma under field conditions. Understanding the molecular modulations associated with Trichoderma that persist and deliver under abiotic stress conditions will aid in exploiting the value of these organisms for such uses. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry, was used to identify proteins associated with thermotolerance in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma: T. longibrachiatum 673, TaDOR673 and T. asperellum 7316, TaDOR7316; with 32 differentially expressed proteins being identified. Sequence homology and conserved domains were used to identify these proteins and to assign a probable function to them. The thermotolerant isolate, TaDOR673, seemed to employ the stress signaling MAPK pathways and heat shock response pathways to combat the stress condition, whereas the moderately tolerant isolate, TaDOR7316, seemed to adapt to high-temperature conditions by reducing the accumulation of misfolded proteins through an unfolded protein response pathway and autophagy. In addition, there were unique, as well as common, proteins that were differentially expressed in the two isolates studied.

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis reveals different sets of proteins expressed during high temperature stress in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Poosapati ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Viswanathaswamy ◽  
Durga Prasad Ravulapalli ◽  
Monica Kannan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Condition

Several species of the soil borne fungus of the genus Trichoderma are known to be versatile, opportunistic plant symbionts, and are the most successful biocontrol agents used in today's agriculture. To be successful in the field conditions, the fungus must endure varying climatic conditions. Studies have indicated that high atmospheric temperature coupled with low humidity is a major limitation for the inconsistent performance of Trichoderma under field conditions. Understanding the molecular modulation associated with such Trichoderma that persist and deliver under abiotic stress condition will aid in exploiting the worth of these organisms for such use. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/time of flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins associated with thermotolerance in two thermotolerant isolates of Trichoderma: T. longibrachiatum 673, TaDOR673 and T. asperellum 7316, TaDOR7316 and 32 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Sequence homology and conserved domains were used to identify these proteins and to assign probable function to them. Thermotolerant isolate, TaDOR673, seemed to employ the stress signaling MAPK pathways and heat shock response pathways to combat the stress condition whereas the moderately tolerant isolate, TaDOR7316, seemed to adapt to high temperature conditions by reducing the accumulation of misfolded proteins through unfolded protein response pathway and autophagy. Also, there were unique as well as common proteins that were differentially expressed in the two isolates studied.

scholarly journals Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Yong Weon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transcript Variants

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.

scholarly journals On the Breeding of Bivoltine Breeds of the Silkworm,Bombyx moriL. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Tolerant to High Temperature and High Humidity Conditions of the Tropics

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harjeet Singh ◽  
N. Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Tropics

The hot climatic conditions of tropics prevailing particularly in summer are contributing to the poor performance of the bivoltine breeds and the most important aspect is that many quantitative characters such as viability and cocoon traits decline sharply when temperature is high. Hence, in a tropical country like India, it is very essential to develop bivoltine breeds/hybrids which can withstand the high temperature stress conditions. This has resulted in the development of CSR18×CSR19, compatible hybrid for rearing throughout the year by utilizing Japanese thermotolerant hybrids as breeding resource material. Though, the introduction of CSR18×CSR19 in the field during summer months had considerable impact, the productivity level and returns realized do not match that of other productive CSR hybrids. Therefore, the acceptance level of this hybrid with the farmers was not up to the expected level. This has necessitated the development of a temperature tolerant hybrid with better productivity traits than CSR18×CSR19. Though, it was a difficult task to break the negative correlation associated with survival and productivity traits, attempts on this line had resulted in the development of CSR46×CSR47, a temperature tolerant bivoltine hybrid with better productivity traits than CSR18×CSR19. However, though, these hybrids are tolerant to high temperature environments, they are not tolerant to many of the silkworm diseases. Keeping this in view, an attempt is made to develop silkworm hybrids tolerant to high temperature environments.

scholarly journals Assessing antioxidant system and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds under elevated temperature condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
L. Priyanandhini ◽  
M. K. Kalarani ◽  
A. Senthil ◽  
N. Senthil ◽  
K. Anitha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Maize Inbreds

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important food and feed crop grown under diverse soil and climatic conditions. Among the cereals, demand for maize is increasing year after year, but fluctuation in climatic conditions especially the temperature extremes is the current and future threat in maize cultivation. Each degree Celsius increase in global mean temperature causes yield reduction up to 7.4 per cent in maize. The high temperature stress impact at the reproductive stage affects grain filling rate and duration. Adaptation of maize crop to future warmer climatic conditions requires a better understanding of physiological responses to elevated temperatures. With this view, a pot culture experiment was conducted at the Department of Crop Physiology, TNAU, Coimbatore during the summer season of 2020. Two maize inbreds viz., UMI 1230 and CBM-DL- 322 were taken for the study and exposed to high temperature stress treatments viz., T1 - ambient, T2 - ambient+4°C and T3 - ambient+6°C (44°C) for 10 days during the reproductive stage to assess the changes in biochemical and yield traits. The ambient+4ºC treatment revealed that the maize inbred line CBM-DL-322 recorded lower malondialdehyde content with over production of antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase). Cob weight and seed set parentage showed a negative correlation with both elevated temperatures. It is concluded that the maize inbreds line CBM-DL- 322 performed better at an elevated temperature at ambient+4°C and recorded more cob weight (57.09g) compared to UMI 1230 inbred (43.56g).

scholarly journals RiboTag-Seq Reveals the Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response in Striatal Microglia Induced by Ethanol Withdrawal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Dufour ◽  
Kevin R. Coffey ◽  
Atom J. Lesiak ◽  
Gwenn A. Garden ◽  
John F. Neumaier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Ethanol Withdrawal ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
The Impact

Repeated cycles of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal both induce profound changes in gene expression that can contribute to the physiological and behavioral consequences of ethanol. Since neuroinflammation is an important consequence of these changes, we used a novel strategy to investigate the impact of repeated cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and withdrawal on the RNAs actively undergoing translation in striatal microglia. RiboTag was selectively expressed in the microglia of transgenic mice and was used to immunopurify the RNA “translatome” from striatal microglia, yielding a snapshot of RNA translation during alcohol intoxication and after 8 hours of withdrawal. We obtained highly enriched microglial RNAs and analyzed these in individual animals by deep sequencing. We found a dramatic shift in gene expression during acute intoxication compared to air-exposed controls, with increases in genes and pathways associated with cytokine signaling, indicating increased neuroinflammation and microglial activation. After 8 hours of ethanol withdrawal, many inflammatory pathways remained upregulated but phagocytotic and proapoptotic pathways were increased. Using an unbiased bioinformatic method, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, multiple differentially expressed gene modules were identified. One in particular was differentially expressed in ethanol intoxicated vs. withdrawing animals, and there was a strong correlation between the centrality of the genes to this gene network and their individual statistical significance in differential expression. The unfolded protein response was over-represented in this network after withdrawal. The induction of this pathway in microglia is important since this cellular stress response can either lead towards restoration of normal function or apoptosis.

scholarly journals Heat Stress in Cotton: A Review on Predicted and Unpredicted Growth-Yield Anomalies and Mitigating Breeding Strategies

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Sajid Majeed ◽  
Iqrar Ahmad Rana ◽  
Muhammad Salman Mubarik ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Cotton Fibres ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
Global Population

The demand for cotton fibres is increasing due to growing global population while its production is facing challenges from an unpredictable rise in temperature owing to rapidly changing climatic conditions. High temperature stress is a major stumbling block relative to agricultural production around the world. Therefore, the development of thermo-stable cotton cultivars is gaining popularity. Understanding the effects of heat stress on various stages of plant growth and development and its tolerance mechanism is a prerequisite for initiating cotton breeding programs to sustain lint yield without compromising its quality under high temperature stress conditions. Thus, cotton breeders should consider all possible options, such as developing superior cultivars through traditional breeding, utilizing molecular markers and transgenic technologies, or using genome editing techniques to obtain desired features. Therefore, this review article discusses the likely effects of heat stress on cotton plants, tolerance mechanisms, and possible breeding strategies.

Evaluation of Finger millet as heat tolerant crop using physiological and biochemical assays

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam Singh1 ◽  
Suphiya Khan ◽  
Jasdeep C. Padaria ◽  
Amolkumar U. Solanke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Relative Water

Under changing climatic conditions, high temperature stress is the most severe problem for the whole agriculture. Identification and utilization of crop plants which can sustain and yield better under high temperature conditions is need of the day. In this study, we established finger millet as thermotolerant crop. For this, we characterized thermotolerant cotton, thermosensitive wheat along with finger millet by MDA accumulation after heat stress and shown that finger millet is even better than cotton. Further, using seed germination test and growing seedlings at higher temperature, it was observed thatfinger millet was least affected at 42 oCwhereas germination percent and fresh weight reduced at 47 oC. With biochemical assay, it was shown that finger millet had very less difference at 42 oC as compared to 37 oC, however there is significant reduction at 47 oC in chlorophyll and carotenoid content and relative water content (RWC) percent whereas increase in electrolyte leakage (%) and H2O2 and O2 concentration. Still finger millet plants can tolerate temperature of 47 oC.Overall, the present study strongly identified finger millet as thermotolerant crop and can be utilized for allele mining of known genes and prospecting of novel genes for crop improvement for high temperature stress.

scholarly journals Proteome Responses to Individual Pathogens and Abiotic Conditions in Rice Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitathoor Balasubramane Sruthilaxmi ◽  
Subramanian Babu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Rice plants under field conditions experience various biotic and abiotic stresses and are adapted to survive using a molecular cross-talk of genes and their protein products based on the severity of a given stress. Seedlings of cultivated variety ASD16 (resistant to fungal disease, blast; tolerant to abiotic stress, salinity) were subjected to salt, drought, high temperature and low temperature stress as well as infection by Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (causing reemerging diseases such as sheath blight and leaf blight), respectively, the sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight pathogens. Leaf proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. In addition to many other differentially expressed proteins, acidic endochitinase was found to be upregulated during fungal infection and drought treatment, and a germin-like protein upregulated during fungal infection and high temperature stress. These two proteins were further validated at the gene expression level using reverse transcription-PCR in dual stress experiments. Pot culture plants were subjected to fungal infection followed by drought and drought followed by fungal infection to validate chitinase gene expression. Similarly, plants subjected to fungal infections followed by high temperature stress and vice versa were used to validate the expression of germin-like protein-coding gene. The results of the present study indicate that chitinase and germin-like protein are potential targets for further exploration to develop rice plants resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

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