scholarly journals Targeting Metabolic Dysfunction for the Treatment of Mood Disorders: Review of the Evidence

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Brett D. M. Jones ◽  
Salman Farooqui ◽  
Stefan Kloiber ◽  
Muhammad Omair Husain ◽  
Benoit H. Mulsant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents ◽  
The Impact

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often chronic with many patients not responding to available treatments. As these mood disorders are frequently associated with metabolic dysfunction, there has been increased interest in novel treatments that would target metabolic pathways. The objectives of this scoping review were to synthesize evidence on the impact on mood symptoms of lipid lowering agents and anti-diabetics drugs, while also reviewing current knowledge on the association between mood disorders and dyslipidemia or hyperglycemia. We propose that metabolic dysfunction is prevalent in both MDD and BD and it may contribute to the development of these disorders through a variety of pathophysiological processes including inflammation, brain structural changes, hormonal alterations, neurotransmitter disruptions, alteration on brain cholesterol, central insulin resistance, and changes in gut microbiota. Current evidence is conflicting on the use of statins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide agonists, metformin, or insulin for the treatment of MDD and BD. Given the paucity of high-quality randomized controlled trials, additional studies are needed before any of these medications can be repurposed in routine clinical practice. Future trials need to enrich patient recruitment, include evaluations of mechanism of action, and explore differential effects on specific symptom domains such as anhedonia, suicidality, and cognition.

scholarly journals Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Pharmacological Treatment of Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Donato ◽  
Nicola Ferri ◽  
Maria Giovanna Lupo ◽  
Elisabetta Faggin ◽  
Marcello Rattazzi
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Health Care Burden ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), the most common heart valve disease, is characterized by the slow progressive fibro-calcific remodeling of the valve leaflets, leading to progressive obstruction to the blood flow. CAVS is an increasing health care burden and the development of an effective medical treatment is a major medical need. To date, no effective pharmacological therapies have proven to halt or delay its progression to the severe symptomatic stage and aortic valve replacement represents the only available option to improve clinical outcomes and to increase survival. In the present report, the current knowledge and latest advances in the medical management of patients with CAVS are summarized, placing emphasis on lipid-lowering agents, vasoactive drugs, and anti-calcific treatments. In addition, novel potential therapeutic targets recently identified and currently under investigation are reported.

The role of butyrate in surgical and oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Hajjar ◽  
Carole S Richard ◽  
Manuela M Santos
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
The Impact

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced by colonic gut bacteria as a result of fermentation of dietary fibers. In the colon, butyrate is a major energy substrate and contributes to the nutritional support and proliferation of a healthy mucosa. It also promotes the intestinal barrier function by enhancing mucus production and tight junctions. In addition to its pro-proliferative effect in healthy colonocytes, butyrate inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. The antineoplastic effect of butyrate is associated with the inhibitory effect of butyrate on histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, which promote carcinogenesis. Due to the metabolic shift of cancer cells toward glycolysis, unused butyrate accumulates and inhibits procarcinogenic HDACs. In addition, recent studies suggest that butyrate may improve the healing of colonic tissue after surgery in animal models, specifically at the site of reconnection of colonic ends - anastomosis - after surgical resection. Here, we review current evidence on the impact of butyrate on epithelial integrity and colorectal cancer and present current knowledge on data that support its potential applications in surgical practice.

Cholesterol Testing by General Practitioners in Grampian: Patterns and Outcomes

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. Smith ◽  
V. Vranjkovic ◽  
S.R. McEwan ◽  
L.D. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents ◽  
Cholesterol Testing

Initiation, distribution, concomitants and follow-up of cholesterol testing were studied in Grampian. Data were examined for 4979 patients, representing all patients in one year from those general practices who made exclusive use of the clinical chemistry laboratory for cholesterol testing. A random sample of 215 patients was studied in further detail. Age and sex distribution, results of cholesterol tests and their follow-up, nature and results of associated biochemical tests, test initiation, testing rates by practice, and prescription rates of lipid lowering agents by practice were measured. Cholesterol testing was mostly in line with current knowledge of cardiovascular risk, and associated with further cardiovascular and biochemical assessment. There was a 90-fold range in practice cholesterol testing rates, and a similarly wide range in prescription rates of lipid lowering agents; there was a significant correlation between these. Rates and results of follow-up testing suggests a “rule of halves” for cholesterol testing.

α-Lipoic acid as a triglyceride-lowering nutraceutical

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1029-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjeza Pashaj ◽  
Mengna Xia ◽  
Régis Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Severe Hypertriglyceridemia ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Considering the current obesity epidemic in the United States (>100 million adults are overweight or obese), the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia is likely to grow beyond present statistics of ∼30% of the population. Conventional therapies for managing hypertriglyceridemia include lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, pharmacological approaches, and nutritional supplements. It is critically important to identify new strategies that would be safe and effective in lowering hypertriglyceridemia. α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring enzyme cofactor found in the human body in small quantities. A growing body of evidence indicates a role of LA in ameliorating metabolic dysfunction and lipid anomalies primarily in animals. Limited human studies suggest LA is most efficacious in situations where blood triglycerides are markedly elevated. LA is commercially available as dietary supplements and is clinically shown to be safe and effective against diabetic polyneuropathies. LA is described as a potent biological antioxidant, a detoxification agent, and a diabetes medicine. Given its strong safety record, LA may be a useful nutraceutical, either alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering strategies, when treating severe hypertriglyceridemia and diabetic dyslipidemia. This review examines the current evidence regarding the use of LA as a means of normalizing blood triglycerides. Also presented are the leading mechanisms of action of LA on triglyceride metabolism.

Pharmacological Management of Diabetic Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilios Papademetriou ◽  
Sofia Alataki ◽  
Konstantinos Stavropoulos ◽  
Christodoulos Papadopoulos ◽  
Kostas Bakogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ras Inhibitors

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Its adverse effects on several body organs, have made treatment of DM a priority. One of the most serious complications of DM is diabetic nephropathy (DN).Objective:The aim of this review is to critically discuss available data on the pharmacological management of DN.Objective:A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify studies assessing the impact of several drug classes on DN.Results:Several studies have been conducted in order to find a novel and effective treatment of DN. So far, the cornerstone therapy of DN consists of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, agents that decrease the synthesis of intrarenal angiotensin II or block its receptors. Their antiproteinuric and antihypertensive effects can not only decelerate the progress of DN but prevent its onset as well. Novel antidiabetic drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), are promising agents in the therapy of DN, due to their positive effect on renal and cardiovascular adverse events. From lipid-lowering agents, atorvastatin improves DN up to stage 3 and substantially reduces CVD.Conclusion:RAS inhibitors, SGLT-2i and GLP-1 agonists were found to be beneficial for the treatment of DN. Larger renal trials are needed in order to incorporate these drugs into the first line treatment of DN.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Evidence in Support of Benefit from Sleep Apnea Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie C. Lajoie ◽  
Anne-Louise Lafontaine ◽  
R. John Kimoff ◽  
Marta Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxemia ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sleep Apnea Treatment

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep resulting in intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation. Research has recently increasingly focused on the impact of OSA on the brain’s structure and function, in particular as this relates to neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the links between OSA and neurodegenerative disease, focusing on Parkinson’s disease, including proposed pathogenic mechanisms and current knowledge on the effects of treatment.

scholarly journals Death from COVID-19 in a Hispanic postpartum woman and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e242819
Author(s):  
Janardhan Mydam ◽  
Laila Younes ◽  
Mohammed Siddiqui ◽  
Thana Tarsha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Obese Woman ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Postpartum Woman ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Impact

There is still much we do not know about the impact of COVID-19 on the health of pregnant and postpartum women and pregnancy outcomes. Current evidence suggests that there is biological plausibility for worse outcomes among this population. This case report details the clinical care given to a postpartum Hispanic and obese woman diagnosed with COVID-19 in April 2020. We report the care she and her newborn received and her progression through the virus. We discuss the current knowledge surrounding COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women. While research supports COVID-19 outcomes being comparable to the general population, there is limited research in this area. Clinical trials, acting on the side of caution, have tended to exclude pregnant women from participation. Therefore, there is a need for further research that can inform evidence-based policy decisions related to COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women.

scholarly journals Hypocholesterolemia and Statins in Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Irfan Yavaşoğlu ◽  
Atakan Turgutkaya
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Plasma Cell Disorder ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents ◽  
Low Cholesterol ◽  
Beneficial Approach ◽  
Cell Disorder

Statins are lipid-lowering agents. They also have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative functions. In this context, they are demonstrated to have beneficial effects on mortality in several malignancies including esophageal, breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, endometrial, and colorectal cancers. Multiple myeloma is considered as an incurable plasma cell disorder with current therapy; however due to the current knowledge about the correlation between cholesterol-lowering agents and myeloma; it’s suggested to have lower mortality rates for patients using statins.  Patients with multiple myeloma usually have a low cholesterol level which is often underestimated by clinicians. Hereby we aimed to summarize the myeloma-hypocholesterolemia relationship and emphasize the importance of statins as an inexpensive and beneficial approach for these patients.

scholarly journals Treatments for NAFLD: State of Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2350
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mantovani ◽  
Andrea Dalbeni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is to date the most common chronic liver disease in clinical practice and, consequently, a major health problem worldwide. It affects approximately 30% of adults in the general population and up to 70% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Despite the current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and natural history of NAFLD, no specific pharmacological therapies are until now approved for this disease and, consequently, general strategies have been proposed to manage it. They include: (a) lifestyle change in order to promote weight loss by diet and physical activity, (b) control of the main cardiometabolic risk factors, (c) correction of all modifiable risk factors leading the development and progression of advanced forms of NAFLD, and (d) prevention of hepatic and extra-hepatic complications. In the last decade, several potential agents have been widely investigated for the treatment of NAFLD and its advanced forms—shedding some light but casting a few shadows. They include some glucose-lowering drugs (such as pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors), antioxidants (such as vitamin E), statins or other lipid lowering agents, bile and non-bile acid farnesoid X activated receptor (FXR) agonists, and others. This narrative review discusses in detail the different available approaches with the potential to prevent and treat NAFLD and its advanced forms.

scholarly journals Crosstalk of Magnesium and Serum Lipids in Dyslipidemia and Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Mihnea-Alexandru Găman ◽  
Elena-Codruța Dobrică ◽  
Matei-Alexandru Cozma ◽  
Ninel-Iacobus Antonie ◽  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stănescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
The Impact

Dyslipidemia is a significant threat to public health worldwide and the identification of its pathogenic mechanisms, as well as novel lipid-lowering agents, are warranted. Magnesium (Mg) is a key element to human health and its deficiency has been linked to the development of lipid abnormalities and related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular disease. In this review, we explored the associations of Mg (dietary intake, Mg concentrations in the body) and the lipid profile, as well as the impact of Mg supplementation on serum lipids. A systematic search was computed in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library and 3649 potentially relevant papers were detected and screened (n = 3364 following the removal of duplicates). After the removal of irrelevant manuscripts based on the screening of their titles and abstracts (n = 3037), we examined the full-texts of 327 original papers. Finally, after we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria, a number of 124 original articles were included in this review. Overall, the data analyzed in this review point out an association of Mg concentrations in the body with serum lipids in dyslipidemia and related disorders. However, further research is warranted to clarify whether a higher intake of Mg from the diet or via supplements can influence the lipid profile and exert lipid-lowering actions.

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