scholarly journals Application of Polymer Inclusion Membranes Doped with Alkylimidazole to Separation of Silver and Zinc Ions from Model Solutions and after Battery Leaching

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik ◽  
Malgorzata Ulewicz ◽  
Ilona Pyszka
Keyword(s):  
Silver Oxide ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

New materials, such as polymer inclusion membranes, can be used for water and wastewater treatment. In this paper, the selective transport of silver(I) and zinc(II) ions from nitrate solutions through the polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), which consist of cellulose triacetate as a polymeric support, o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether as a plasticizer, and either 1-hexylimidazole (1) or 1-hexyl-2-methylimidazole (2) as an ion carrier, is studied. Both Zn(II) and Ag(I) model solutions (CM = 0.001 M, pH = 6.5), as well as the solutions after the leaching of a spent battery with a silver–zinc cell (silver-oxide battery), are tested. The results show that Zn(II) ions are effectively transported through PIMs containing either carrier, whereas Ag(I) is more easily transported through PIMs doped with (1). In the case of the leaching solution after 24 h transport, the recovery coefficients of Ag(I) and Zn(II) for PIMs doped with (1) are 86% and 90%, respectively, and for PIMs doped with (2), 47% and 94%, respectively. The influence of basicity and structure of carrier molecules on transport kinetics is discussed as well. PIMs are characterized by using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique.

scholarly journals The Application of Polymer Inclusion Membranes Based on CTA with 1-alkylimidazole for the Separation of Zinc(II) and Manganese(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik ◽  
Malgorzata Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Membrane Morphology ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Feed Phase ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polymer cellulose triacetate membranes doped with 1-alkylimidazole as fixed carriers were applied for the investigation of the facilitated transport of Zn(II) and Mn(II) ions from an aqueous sulphate feed phase (cM = 0.001 mol/dm3). For the polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) doped with 1-alkylimidazole (alkyl – from hexyl up to decyl), the following patterns of transport selectivity were found: Zn(II) > Mn(II). The highest initial flux of Zn(II) ions (2.65 µmol/m2·s) was found for PIMs doped with 1-decyl-imidazole, whereas the best Zn(II)/Mn(II) selectivity coefficients equal to 19.7 were found for 1-hexyl-imidazole. Permeability coefficients for Zn(II) and Mn(II) ions transported across PIMs increase with an increase in the pKa values of 1-alkylimidazole. The polymer membranes of cellulose triacetate-o-NPPE with 1-alkylimidazole were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy and thermal analysis techniques. The influence of membrane morphology on the Zn(II) and Mn(II) transport process was discussed.

scholarly journals Application of ZnO Nanocrystals as a Surface-Enhancer FTIR for Glyphosate Detection

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Anderson L. Valle ◽  
Anielle C. A. Silva ◽  
Noelio O. Dantas ◽  
Robinson Sabino-Silva ◽  
Francielli C. C. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Oxide ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Zno Nanocrystals ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Glyphosate detection and quantification is still a challenge. After an extensive review of the literature, we observed that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) had practically not yet been used for detection or quantification. The interaction between zinc oxide (ZnO), silver oxide (Ag2O), and Ag-doped ZnO nanocrystals (NCs), as well as that between nanocomposite (Ag-doped ZnO/AgO) and glyphosate was analyzed with FTIR to determine whether nanomaterials could be used as signal enhancers for glyphosates. The results were further supported with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The glyphosate commercial solutions were intensified 10,000 times when incorporated the ZnO NCs. However, strong chemical interactions between Ag and glyphosate may suppress signaling, making FTIR identification difficult. In short, we have shown for the first time that ZnO NCs are exciting tools with the potential to be used as signal amplifiers of glyphosate, the use of which may be explored in terms of the detection of other molecules based on nanocrystal affinity.

scholarly journals Selective Transport of Ag(I) through a Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing a Calix[4]pyrrole Derivative from Nitrate Aqueous Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5348
Author(s):  
Anna Nowik-Zajac ◽  
Iwona Zawierucha ◽  
Cezary Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Inclusion Membrane ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Effective Transport ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Cellulose-triacetate-based polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) with different concentrations of a calixpyrrole ester derivative as the membrane carrier were studied to determine their ability to transport Ag(I) from aqueous nitrate solutions. The effects of the concentrations of ion carriers and metal ions, the pH of the source aqueous phase, and stripping agents on the effective transport of Ag(I) were assessed. All studied parameters were found to be important factors for the transport of Ag(I) metal ions. The initial fluxes were determined at different temperatures. The prepared membranes were found to be highly permeable. The selectivity of silver transport from an aqueous solution containing Ag(I), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Co(II) ions was also investigated.

scholarly journals Biocompatible/Biodegradable Electrowetting on Dielectric Microfluidic Chips with Fluorinated CTA/PLGA

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidi Zhang ◽  
Lei Chao ◽  
Jia Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Contact Angle Hysteresis ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Dielectric Devices ◽  
Contact Line Pinning

One of the major hurdles in the development of biocompatible/biodegradable EWOD (Electrowetting-on-dielectric) devices is the biocompatibility of the dielectric and hydrophobic layers. In this study, we address this problem by using reactive ion etching (RIE) to prepare a super-hydrophobic film combining fluorinated cellulose triacetate (CTA) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The contact angle (CA) of water droplets on the proposed material is about 160°. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterizations indicate that a slight increase in the surface roughness and the formation of CFx (C-F or CF2) bonds are responsible for the super-hydrophobic nature of the film. Alternating Current (AC) static electrowetting and droplet transportation experiments evidence that contact angle hysteresis and contact line pinning are greatly reduced by impregnating the CTA/PLGA film with silicon oil. Therefore, this improved film could provide a biocompatible alternative to the typical Teflon® or Cytop® films as a dielectric and hydrophobic layer.

Membrane technology revolutionizes water treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Wilderer ◽  
S. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

Membranes play a crucial role in living cells, plants and animals. They not only serve as barriers between the inside and outside world of cells and organs. More importantly, they are means of selective transport of materials and host for biochemical conversion. Natural membrane systems have demonstrated efficiency and reliability for millions of years and it is remarkable that most of these systems are small, efficient and highly reliable even under rapidly changing ambient conditions. Thus, it appears to be advisable for technology developers to keep a close eye on Mother Nature. By doing so it is most likely that ideas for novel technical solutions are born. Following the concept of natural systems it is hypothesized that the Millennium Development Goals can be best met when counting on small water and wastewater treatment systems. The core of such systems could be membranes in which chemical reactions are integrated allowing recovery and direct utilization of valuable substances.

Entrapment of Mixed Microbial Cells for Water and Wastewater Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Yang ◽  
S. Nitisoravut ◽  
T. S. See
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Process ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Influent Concentration ◽  
Ion Exchange Process ◽  
Trace Organics ◽  
High Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Water And Wastewater

An entrapment of mixed microbial cells process was used to remove the pesticide Ethylene Dibromide (EDB), Trichlopropane (TCP) and nitrate contaminated in the groundwater. The mixed microbes were entrapped into a polymeric cellulose triacetate. The system is able to remove (aerobically) more than 90% of EDB (influent concentration of 300 μg/l) at more than 30 minutes of hydraulic retention time (HRT). TCP (influent concentration of 2.81 μg/l) could not be detected in the effluent at the same HRT. The system is also able to remove (anaerobically) more than 99% of nitrate influent concentration of NO3-N ranging from 50 to 850 mg/l) at an HRT of more than 2 hours. The system has shown very promising results in respect of the removal of trace pesticide and nitrate contaminated groundwater. It can also be considered as an alternative for direct treatment of nitrate-rich water or in a combination with an ion exchange process with an intermittent to eliminate the high nitrate concentration from the spent regenerant. The system could easily develop a package plant for removal of trace organics and inorganics from the groundwater.

scholarly journals Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) Doped with Alkylimidazole and their Application in the Separation of Non-Ferrous Metal Ions

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radzyminska-Lenarcik ◽  
Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

The study involved the transport of zinc(II), cadmium(II), and nickel(II) ions from acidic aqueous solutions using polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs). PIMs consisted of cellulose triacetate (CTA) as a support; o-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (o-NPPE) as a plasticizer; and 1-octylimidazole (1), 1-octyl-2-methylimidazole (2), 1-octyl-4-methylimidazole (3), or 1-octyl-2,4-dimethylimidazole (4) as ion carriers. The membranes were characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Zn(II) and Cd(II) are effectively transported across PIMs, while Ni(II) transport is not effective. The rate of transport of metal ions across PIMs is determined by the diffusion rate of the M(II)–carrier complex across the membrane. The best result achieved for Zn(II) removal after 24 h was 95.5% for the ternary Zn(II)–Cd(II)–Ni(II) solution for PIM doped (4). For this membrane, the separation coefficients for Zn(II)/Cd(II), Zn(II)/Ni(II), and Cd(II)/Ni(II) were 2.8, 104.5, and 23.5, respectively. Additionally, the influence of basicity and structure of carrier molecules on transport kinetics was discussed.

Cryogenic atomic force microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
K. A. Fisher ◽  
M. G. L. Gustafsson ◽  
M. B. Shattuck ◽  
J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Flexible Molecules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Chemical Perturbation

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is capable of imaging electrically conductive and non-conductive surfaces at atomic resolution. When used to image biological samples, however, lateral resolution is often limited to nanometer levels, due primarily to AFM tip/sample interactions. Several approaches to immobilize and stabilize soft or flexible molecules for AFM have been examined, notably, tethering coating, and freezing. Although each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, rapid freezing techniques have the special advantage of avoiding chemical perturbation, and minimizing physical disruption of the sample. Scanning with an AFM at cryogenic temperatures has the potential to image frozen biomolecules at high resolution. We have constructed a force microscope capable of operating immersed in liquid n-pentane and have tested its performance at room temperature with carbon and metal-coated samples, and at 143° K with uncoated ferritin and purple membrane (PM).

AFM study of the dynamics of α-alumina surface faceting during high-temperature processing

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 334-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bench ◽  
Jason R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Conductive Coatings ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Minimal Sample ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
High Temperature Processing ◽  
Nominal Surface

To gain a better understanding of the surface faceting that occurs in α-alumina during high temperature processing, atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have been performed to follow the formation and evolution of the facets. AFM was chosen because it allows for analysis of topographical details down to the atomic level with minimal sample preparation. This is in contrast to SEM analysis, which typically requires the application of conductive coatings that can alter the surface between subsequent heat treatments. Similar experiments have been performed in the TEM; however, due to thin foil and hole edge effects the results may not be representative of the behavior of bulk surfaces.The AFM studies were performed on a Digital Instruments Nanoscope III using microfabricated Si3N4 cantilevers. All images were recorded in air with a nominal applied force of 10-15 nN. The alumina samples were prepared from pre-polished single crystals with (0001), , and nominal surface orientations.

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