Hydroxyapatite Formation on Coated Titanium Implants Submerged in Simulated Body Fluid

Titanium implants are commonly used in the field of dentistry for prosthetics such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. For successful therapy, an implant must bind to the surrounding bone in a process known as osseointegration. The objective for this ongoing study is to determine the potential of different implant surface coatings in providing the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). The coatings include titanium nitride (TiN), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and quaternized titanium nitride (QTiN). The controls were a sodium hydroxide treated group, which functioned as a positive control, and an uncoated titanium group. Each coated disc was submerged in simulated body fluid (SBF), replenished every 48 h, over a period of 28 days. Each coating successfully developed a layer of HA, which was calculated through mass comparisons and observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis x-rays (EDX). Among these coatings, the quaternized titanium nitride coating seemed to have a better yield of HA. Further studies to expand the data concerning this experiment are underway.

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Electrophoretic Deposition and Characteristics of Chitosan–Nanosilver Composite Coatings on a Nanotubular TiO2 Layer

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10030245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Michał Bartmański ◽

Łukasz Pawłowski ◽

Andrzej Zieliński ◽

Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń ◽

Gabriel Strugała ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Active Substance ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Surface Active Substance ◽

Tio2 Layer ◽

Surface Active ◽

Silver Dissolution

The surface treatment of titanium implants has been applied mainly to increase surface bioactivity and, more recently, to introduce antibacterial properties. To this end, composite coatings have been investigated, particularly those based on hydroxyapatite. The present research was aimed at the development of another coating type, chitosan–nanosilver, deposited on a Ti13Zr13Nb alloy. The research comprised characterization of the coating’s microstructure and morphology, time-dependent nanosilver dissolution in simulated body fluid, and investigation of the nanomechanical properties of surface coatings composed of chitosan and nanosilver, with or without a surface-active substance, deposited at different voltages for 1 min on a nanotubular TiO2 layer. The microstructure, morphology, topography, and phase composition were examined, and the silver dissolution rate in simulated body fluid, nanoscale mechanical properties, and water contact angle were measured. The voltage value significantly influenced surface roughness. All specimens possessed high biocompatibility. The highest and best adhesion of the coatings was observed in the absence of a surface-active substance. Silver dissolution caused the appearance of silver ions in solution at levels effective against bacteria and below the upper safe limit value.

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Behavior of Two Titanium Alloys in Simulated Body Fluid

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2011.1137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1355 ◽

Author(s):

Julia C. Mirza Rosca ◽

Eladio D. Herrera Santana ◽

S. Drob ◽

Agurtzane Martinez Ortigosa

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Bone Growth ◽

High Stress ◽

Passive Layer ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Tissue Reactions

ABSTRACTTitanium possesses an excellent corrosion resistance in biological environments because the titanium dioxide formed on its surface is extremely stable. When aluminium and vanadium are added to titanium in small quantities, the alloy achieves considerably higher tensile properties than of pure titanium and this alloy is used in high stress-bearing situations. But these metals may also influence the chemostatic mechanisms that are involved in the attraction of biocells. V presence can be associated with potential cytotoxic effects and adverse tissue reactions. The alloys with aluminium and iron or with aluminium and niobium occur to be more suitable for implant applications: it possesses similar corrosion resistance and mechanical properties to those of titanium-aluminium-vanadium alloy; moreover, these alloys have no toxicity.In this paper, pure Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4Fe with a nanostructured surface were studied. Data about mechanical behavior are presented. The mechanical behavior was determined using optical metallography, tensile strength and Vickers microhardness.For the electrochemical measurements a conventional three-electrode cell with a Pt grid as counter electrode and saturated calomel (SCE) as reference electrode was used. AC impedance data were obtained at open circuit potential using a PAR 263A potentiostat connected with a PAR 5210 lock-in amplifier. The ESEM and EDAX observation were carried out with an environmental scanning electronic microscope Fei XL30 ESEM with LaB6-cathode attached with an energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray analyzer (EDAX Sapphire). After 3 days of immersion in simulated body fluid the nucleation of the bone growth was observed on the implant surface.It resulted that the tested oxide films presented passivation tendency and a very good stability and no form of local corrosion was detected. The mechanical data confirm the presence of an outer porous passive layer and an inner compact and protective passive layer. EIS confirms the mechanical results. The thicknesses of these layers were measured. SEM photographs of the surface and EDX profiles for the samples illustrate the appearance of a microporous layer made up of an alkaline titanate hydrogel. The apatite-forming ability of the metal is attributed to the amorphous sodium titanate that is formed on the metal during the surface treatment.The results emphasized that the surface treatment increases the passive layer adhesion to the metal surface and improves the biocompatibility of the biomedical devices inducing the bone growth on the implant surface.

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Tribotechnical Characteristics of Titanium Nitride Coating for Heavy-Duty Friction Clutches.

Trenie i Iznos ◽

10.32864/0202-4977-2020-41-5-558-566 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 558-566

Author(s):

O. Yu Elagina ◽

◽

D.O. Kolbas ◽

A.G. Buklakov ◽

N. Derr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Nitride ◽

Nitride Coating ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Titanium Nitride Coating ◽

Tribotechnical Characteristics

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IN-VITRO BEHAVIOUR OF BIPHASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE WITH DIFFERENT RATIO OF SILICA CONTENT IN SIMULATED BODY FLUID

Journal of industrial technology ◽

10.21908/jit.2015.8 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Sudirman Sahid ◽

◽

Nor Shahida Kader Bashah ◽

Salina Sabudin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽

Silica Content

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Phase evolution of hydroxapatite coatings suspension plasma sprayed using variable parameters in simulated body fluid

Surface and Coatings Technology ◽

10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.10.022 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 204 (8) ◽

pp. 1236-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Romain d'Haese ◽

Lech Pawlowski ◽

Muriel Bigan ◽

Roman Jaworski ◽

Marc Martel

Keyword(s):

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Variable Parameters ◽

Plasma Sprayed

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Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy along Different Crystallographic Orientations in Simulated Body Fluid

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ◽

10.1007/s11665-021-05519-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tao Zhu ◽

Aoxuan Zhang ◽

Yongshui Shen ◽

Xinghua Gong ◽

Ying Xiong

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Az80 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Crystallographic Orientations

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Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5324

Author(s):

Maria Menini ◽

Francesca Delucchi ◽

Domenico Baldi ◽

Francesco Pera ◽

Francesco Bagnasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Dental Implants ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Implant ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

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Tetracalcium Phosphate/Monetite/Calcium Sulfate Hemihdrate Biocement Powder Mixtures Prepared by the One-Step Synthesis for Preparation of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Biocement-Properties and In Vitro Evaluation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2137

Author(s):

Lubomir Medvecky ◽

Maria Giretova ◽

Radoslava Stulajterova ◽

Lenka Luptakova ◽

Tibor Sopcak

Keyword(s):

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Powder Mixtures ◽

Liquid Component ◽

Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽

Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite ◽

One Step ◽

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate

A modified one-step process was used to prepare tetracalcium phosphate/monetite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder cement mixtures (CAS). The procedure allowed the formation of monetite and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) in the form of nanoparticles. It was hypothesized that the presence of nanoCSH in small amounts enhances the in vitro bioactivity of CAS cement in relation to osteogenic gene markers in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The CAS powder mixtures with 15 and 5 wt.% CSH were prepared by milling powder tetracalcium phosphate in an ethanolic solution of both orthophosphoric and sulfuric acids. The CAS cements had short setting times (around 5 min). The fast setting of the cement samples after the addition of the liquid component (water solution of NaH2PO4) was due to the partial formation of calcium sulfate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite before soaking in SBF with a small change in the original phase composition in cement powder samples after milling. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite biocement was produced by soaking of cement samples after setting in simulated body fluid (SBF). The fast release of calcium ions from CAS5 cement, as well as a small rise in the pH of SBF during soaking, were demonstrated. After soaking in SBF for 7 days, the final product of the cement transformation was nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. The compressive strength of the cement samples (up to 30 MPa) after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) was comparable to that of bone. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed statistically significant higher gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON) and osteopontin (OP) in cells cultured for 14 days in CAS5 extract compared to CSH-free cement. The addition of a small amount of nanoCSH (5 wt.%) to the tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)/monetite cement mixture significantly promoted the over expression of osteogenic markers in MSCs. The prepared CAS powder mixture with its enhanced bioactivity can be used for bone defect treatment and has good potential for bone healing.

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Titanium-Nitride Coating of Orthopaedic Implants: A Review of the Literature

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/485975 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Ruud P. van Hove ◽

Inger N. Sierevelt ◽

Barend J. van Royen ◽

Peter A. Nolte

Keyword(s):

Titanium Nitride ◽

Polyethylene Wear ◽

Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene ◽

Coating Process ◽

Orthopaedic Implant ◽

Cohesive Failure ◽

Orthopaedic Implants ◽

Tin Coating ◽

Titanium Nitride Coating ◽

English Medical Literature

Surfaces of medical implants can be enhanced with the favorable properties of titanium-nitride (TiN). In a review of English medical literature, the effects of TiN-coating on orthopaedic implant material in preclinical studies were identified and the influence of these effects on the clinical outcome of TiN-coated orthopaedic implants was explored. The TiN-coating has a positive effect on the biocompatibility and tribological properties of implant surfaces; however, there are several reports of third body wear due to delamination, increased ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene wear, and cohesive failure of the TiN-coating. This might be due to the coating process. The TiN-coating process should be optimized and standardized for titanium alloy articulating surfaces. The clinical benefit of TiN-coating of CoCrMo knee implant surfaces should be further investigated.

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