Cell-Mediated Immunoreactivity of Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as Promising Formulation for Immunomodulation

Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOx) represents a functional polymer with high potential for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory efficiency of the PIPOx formulation has been studied in vitro following splenic cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages exposition. The cell-specific immunomodulative effect on production of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg signature cytokines has been demonstrated. The impact on the functionality of PIPOx-sensitized RAW 264.7 macrophages was assessed by cell phagocytosis. Time- and concentration-dependent cell internalization and intracellular organelles colocalization of fluorescently labeled PIPOx has been examined. The in vitro results demonstrated the PIPOx bioavailability and the capability of triggering immune cell responses resulting in the induced production of cell-specific signature interleukins, important prerequisite properties for future potential biomedical applications.

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In-vitro Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Screening of Dodonaea viscosa

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39b32194 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 186-192

Author(s):

R. Ramkumar ◽

S. K. Periyasamy ◽

B. R. Venkatraman ◽

K. G. Sekar

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dodonaea Viscosa ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cervical Disease ◽

Hct 116 ◽

The Impact ◽

Mcf 7

Background: The current investigation was done to assess the in vitro anticancer property of Dodonaea viscosa (D. viscosa) in three malignant growth cell lines and mitigating impact in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: The hydroalcoholic remove D. viscosa was ready and tried against HCT-116 colon malignancy, MCF-7 bosom disease HeLa cervical disease cell lines. The cytotoxicity of concentrate was affirmed by MTT cheeky. The calming movement of concentrate was assessed utilizing LPS invigorated RAW 264.7 macrophages and the degree of incendiary middle people was estimated. Results: The anticancer impact of D. viscosa onHCT-116, MCF-7 and HeLa cell line with the IC50 worth of 60.43 ± 0.76 μg/ml,75.26 ± 0.45 μg/ml and 72.12 ± 0.87μg/ml individually. Further, in LPS stimulatedRAW264.7 macrophage cells, treatment with D. viscosa extract altogether decreased the raised level of NO, TNF-α and PGE2. Conclusion: This examination gave the proof to D. viscosa an anticancer and mitigating specialist. Further bioactive confinement and atomic examinations are needed to prove the impact of plant remove.

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Oxidative Stress Compromises Lymphocyte Function in Neonatal Dairy Calves

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Wilmer Cuervo ◽

Lorraine M. Sordillo ◽

Angel Abuelo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Lymphocyte Activation ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Lymphocyte Function ◽

Newborn Calves ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

The Impact

Dairy calves are unable to mount an effective immune response during their first weeks of life, which contributes to increased disease susceptibility during this period. Oxidative stress (OS) diminishes the immune cell capabilities of humans and adult cows, and dairy calves also experience OS during their first month of life. However, the impact that OS may have on neonatal calf immunity remains unexplored. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of OS on newborn calf lymphocyte functions. For this, we conducted two experiments. First, we assessed the association of OS status throughout the first month of age and the circulating concentrations of the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL) 4, as well as the expression of cytokine-encoding genes IFNG, IL2, IL4, and IL10 in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) of 12 calves. Subsequently, we isolated PBMCs from another 6 neonatal calves to investigate in vitro the effect of OS on immune responses in terms of activation of lymphocytes, cytokine expression, and antibody production following stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or bovine herpesvirus-1. The results were compared statistically through mixed models. Calves exposed to high OS status in their first month of age showed higher concentrations of IL-4 and expression of IL4 and IL10 and lower concentrations of IFN-γ and expression of IFNG and IL2 than calves exposed to lower OS. In vitro, OS reduced lymphocyte activation, production of antibodies, and protein and gene expression of key cytokines. Collectively, our results demonstrate that OS can compromise some immune responses of newborn calves. Hence, further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of how OS affects the different lymphocyte subsets and the potential of ameliorating OS in newborn calves as a strategy to augment the functional capacity of calf immune cells, as well as enhance calves’ resistance to infections.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from the Edible Brown Seaweed, Sargassum fulvellum

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19050277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Lei Wang ◽

Hye-Won Yang ◽

Ginnae Ahn ◽

Xiaoting Fu ◽

Jiachao Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Sargassum Fulvellum ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum fulvellum (SFPS) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish. The results indicated that SFPS improved the viability of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages from 80.02 to 86.80, 90.09, and 94.62% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Also, SFPS remarkably and concentration-dependently decreased the production levels of inflammatory molecules including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, SFPS significantly inhibited the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the in vivo test results indicated that SFPS improved the survival rate of LPS-treated zebrafish from 53.33 to 56.67, 60.00, and 70.00% at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, SFPS effectively reduced cell death, reactive oxygen species, and NO levels in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that SFPS possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, and could be used as an ingredient to develop anti-inflammatory agents in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.

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In vitro anti-inflammation, selective cytotoxicity, and inhibition of induced nitric oxide from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages activities of flavonoids from Hermannia geniculata eckl and zeyh roots extract

Pharmacognosy Magazine ◽

10.4103/pm.pm_447_19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (70) ◽

pp. 345

Author(s):

AdeniranLateef Ariyo ◽

OhanakaJudith Nkechinyere ◽

JoyLyndy McGaw ◽

AnofiOmotayo Tom Ashafa

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Selective Cytotoxicity ◽

Anti Inflammation

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Mitosis in Cancer Cell Increases Immune Resistance via High Expression of HLA-G and PD-L1

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12092661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2661

Author(s):

Matti Ullah ◽

Warda Aoudjeghout ◽

Cynthia Pimpie ◽

Marc Pocard ◽

Massoud Mirshahi

Keyword(s):

Protein Expression ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Leukemia Cell ◽

Leukemia Cell Line ◽

G1 Phase ◽

G2 Phase ◽

The Impact

Cancer is a result of “aggressive” division and uncontrolled proliferation of the abnormal cells that survive attack by immune cells. We investigated the expression of HLA-G and PD-L1 with the different stages of cancer cell division along with their role in the interaction of immune cells in vitro. Ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3) and chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K-562) are used for this study. The correlation of protein expression with percentage of cells in each phase (G1, S and G2 phase) was evaluated through FACS. Cells were synchronized in G1, G2 and mitotic phase to evaluate gene (RT-qPCR) and protein expression (FACS). Real-time immune cell attack (RTICA) analysis with PBMCs (peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells) and cancer cells were performed. We found that cells expressing higher levels of HLA-G and PD-L1 are mainly in G2 phase and those expressing lower levels are mainly in G1 phase. Evidently, the higher expression of the two proteins was observed when synchronized in mitotic phase as compared to low expression when synchronized in G1 phase. RTICA analysis showed the presence of HLA-G delayed the lysis of the cells. In conclusion, the cancer cell can escape from immune cells in division stage that suggests the impact of mitosis index for cancer immunotherapy.

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In Vitro Modulator Effect of Total Extract from the Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Macrophages

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2020/8895308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Débora Meira Neris ◽

Letícia Gonçalves Ortolani ◽

Cynthia Aparecida de Castro ◽

Ricardo de Oliveira Correia ◽

Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽

Leishmania Amazonensis ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Total Extract ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

Promising Target ◽

Mediators Of Inflammation ◽

Infected Cells

Leishmaniases are diseases with high epidemiological relevance and wide geographical distribution. In Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is related to the tegumentary form of leishmaniasis. The treatment for those diseases is problematic as the available drugs promote adverse effects in patients. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic targets. In this regard, one alternative is the study of biomolecules produced by endophytic microorganisms. In this study, the total extract produced by the endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D was used to evaluate the leishmanicidal, nitric oxide, and cytokines production using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that, in the leishmanicidal assay with L. amazonensis, EC50 values at the periods of 24 and 48 hours were 0.624 mg/mL and 0.547 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the cells treated with the extract presented approximately 25% of infected cells with an average of 3 amastigotes/cell in the periods of 24 and 48 hours. Regarding the production of cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages infected/treated with the extract, a significant increase in TNF-α was observed at the periods of 24 and 48 hours in the treated cells. The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12 showed significant increase in 48 hours. A significant decrease in IL-4 was observed in all cells treated with the extract in 24 hours. It was observed in the treated cells that the NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages increased between 48 and 72 hours. The endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D extract modulates the mediators of inflammation produced by RAW 264.7 macrophages promoting L. amazonensis death. The immunomodulatory effects might be a promising target to develop new immunotherapeutic and antileishmanial drugs.

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In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and inflammatory properties of silica nanoparticles of different sizes in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages

Journal of Nanoparticle Research ◽

10.1007/s11051-011-0586-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6775-6787 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Margriet V. D. Z. Park ◽

Iseult Lynch ◽

Sonia Ramírez-García ◽

Kenneth A. Dawson ◽

Liset de la Fonteyne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

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IMMU-46. EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THE EFFICACY OF IMMUNOTHERAPY IN GLIOMA USING GENE-MEDIATED CYTOTOXIC IMMUNOTHERAPY

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz175.538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽

pp. vi129-vi129

Author(s):

Marilin Koch ◽

Mykola Zdioruk ◽

M Oskar Nowicki ◽

Estuardo Aguilar ◽

Laura Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Symptomatic Treatment ◽

Tumor Cell Death ◽

The Impact

Abstract RATIONALE Dexamethasone is frequently used in symptomatic treatment of glioma patients, although it is known to cause immune suppression. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies have not yet been successful in glioma treatments. Gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy (GMCI) is an immunotherapeutic approach that uses aglatimagene besadenovec with an anti-herpetic prodrug to induce immunogenic tumor cell death and immune cell attraction to the tumor site with potent CD8 T cell activation. GMCI is currently in clinical trials for solid tumors including glioblastoma, where it showed encouraging survival results in a Phase 2 study that did not limit the use of dexamethasone. However, the effects of dexamethasone on its efficacy have not been explored. METHODS We investigated the effects of dexamethasone on GMCI in vitro using cytotoxicity and T-cell-killing assays in glioblastoma cell lines. The impact of dexamethasone in vivo was assessed in an orthotopic syngeneic murine glioblastoma model. RESULTS Cyotoxicity assays showed that Dexamethasone has a slight impact on GMCI in vitro. In contrast, we observed a highly significant effect in T-cell-functional assays in which killing was greatly impaired. Immune cell response assays revealed a reduced T-cell proliferation after co-culture with supernatant from dexamethasone or combination treated glioblastoma cells in contrast to GMCI alone. In a murine model, the combination of GMCI and dexamethasone resulted in a significant reduction in median symptom-free survival (29d) in comparison to GMCI alone (39.5d) (P = 0.0184). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that high doses of dexamethasone may negatively impact the efficacy of immunotherapy for glioma, which may be a consequence of impaired T cell function. These results support the idea that there is a need in identifying possible alternatives to dexamethasone to maximize the effectiveness of immunostimulatory therapies such as GMCI.

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