scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects on Gingival Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Root Surface Modifications Induced by Some Local Antimicrobial Products Used in Periodontitis Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5049
Author(s):  
Irina Lupșe ◽  
Emoke Pall ◽  
Lucian Barbu Tudoran ◽  
Adriana Elena Bulboacă ◽  
Andreea Ciurea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Root Surfaces

(1) Background: this study aims to test the cytotoxicity of three antimicrobial products used in periodontitis treatment on gingival mesenchymal stem cells (gMSCs) and their influence on root surfaces and gMSC adhesion. We tested the null hypothesis that the effects of the antimicrobials did not differ. (2) Methods: the commercial products based on sulphonic/sulphuric acids, sodium hypochlorite and silver nanoparticles, in five different concentrations, were added to culture medium for growing gMSCs. Cell proliferation capacity was tested using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and their viability was determined by succinate dehydrogenase activity (MTT) assay. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated the adhesion of gMSCs on root samples treated mechanically and with commercial products. (3) Results: the products induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in terms of reduced proliferation and viability of gMSCs, as well as cell shape modifications. Significant differences in CCK8 values between the different commercial products were observed. Based on proliferation tests, the null hypothesis was rejected. When MTT values of the three products were compared with each other, no significant differences were observed for any of the five concentrations (p = 0.065, p = 0.067, p = 0.172, p = 0.256, p = 0.060). (4) Conclusions: the three antimicrobials had a certain degree of cytotoxicity on gMSCs. gMSCs repopulated treated root surfaces.

The Effect of EDTA on the Attachment and Growth of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts on Periodontitis-Affected Root Surface

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadir Babay
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Diseased Root ◽  
Migration Of Cells ◽  
Root Surfaces

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of 5% and 24% EDTA on the attachment of gingival fibroblasts to periodontally diseased root surfaces. A flat root surface was created on human teeth that were extracted due to severe periodontitis. The teeth were etched with the following concentrations of etylediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for two minutes: 5% (group I) and 24% (group II). Group III was soaked in saline and served as a control. The specimens and fibroblasts were incubated in a culture medium for 24 hours each day for one and two weeks and photographed using scanning electron microscopy. Each specimen was examined for the migration of cells into the etched and nonetched root surface. No fibroblasts could be detected on the saline groups. More fibroblasts could attach to the surface treated with 24% EDTA than with 5% EDTA. It was concluded that supersaturated EDTA at 24% enhances the attachment of gingival fibroblasts to the root surface.

scholarly journals Virucidal effect of povidone-iodine against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052110636
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yutong Wu ◽  
Qingjing Wang ◽  
Jiajie Zhu ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Viral Inhibition ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Virucidal Effect ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Ideal

Objective To evaluate the antiviral activity of the oral disinfectant povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) in vitro. Methods The cytotoxic effects of PVP-I were determined in Vero and Calu-3 cell lines using that by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Viral load in the cell culture medium above infected cells was quantitated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The cytopathic effect (CPE) and viral infective rate were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results PVP-I at a concentration >0.5 mg/ml in contact with SARS-CoV-2 for 30 s, 1 min, 2 min and 5 min showed up to 99% viral inhibition. For in vitro testing, upon exposure for 1 min, PVP-I showed a virucidal effect. PVP-I had no cytotoxic effects at the range of concentrations tested (0.125–1 mg/ml; CC50 > 2.75 mM) in Vero and Calu-3 cells. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the ideal contact time was 1 min and the optimal concentration was 1 mg/ml, which provides an experimental basis for the use of oral disinfectants in dental hospitals.

Cytotoxic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil-loaded Polymer-coated Magnetite Nanographene Oxide Combined with Radiofrequency

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1148-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Asadi ◽  
Sakine Shirvalilou ◽  
Sepideh Khoee ◽  
Samideh Khoei
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Colony Number ◽  
Nano Graphene ◽  
Dialysis Bag

Background: Despite the development of conventional therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hyperthermia, the prognosis remains very poor. Recently, integration of conventional therapy and multifunctional nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention because it produces a synergistic effect and better diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the uptake and cytotoxic effects of Polycaprolactone (PCL)/chitosan (CHI)-coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nano-Graphene Oxide (SPION-NGO) as a carrier of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and Radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia using an Alternate Magnetic Field (AMF) with 13.56 MHz frequency on the proliferation capacity level of CT26 colon cancer cell line in a monolayer culture. Method: The release of the newly synthesised 5-Fu-loaded PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO was measured in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) using the dialysis bag method. The cellular uptake of 5-Fu-loaded PCL/CHI-SPIONNGO was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The cytotoxic effects of 5-Fu, 5-Fu- PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO and PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO with and without RF hyperthermia were determined using the colony formation assay. Results: Particle size and zeta potential of 5-Fu-PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO and PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO were 61.2 nm and -1.87 mV and 43.4 nm and -10.19 mV, respectively. Spectroscopy results demonstrated that the cellular uptake of 5-Fu-PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO increased with elevated nanostructure concentrations. The results revealed that the proliferation capacity of the cells decreased with 5-Fu or 5-Fu-PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO in combination with RF hyperthermia. Furthermore, extent of reduction in colony number following treatment with 5-Fu-PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO in combination with AMF was significantly more than 5-Fu + hyperthermia. Conclusion: Therefore, PCL/CHI-SPION-NGO can deliver 5-Fu more efficiently into the CT26 cells.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Stefano Rosatto ◽  
Mauro Mariotti ◽  
Sara Romeo ◽  
Enrica Roccotiello
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Noccaea Caerulescens ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Ecophysiological Response ◽  
Fluorescence Of Chlorophyll A ◽  
Root Surfaces

The soil–root interface is the micro-ecosystem where roots uptake metals. However, less than 10% of hyperaccumulators’ rhizosphere has been examined. The present study evaluated the root and shoot response to nickel in hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator species, through the analysis of root surface and biomass and the ecophysiological response of the related aboveground biomass. Ni-hyperaccumulators Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. and Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl and C. Presl) F.K. Mey. and non-hyperaccumulators Alyssum montanum L. and Thlaspi arvense L. were grown in pot on Ni-spiked soil (0–1000 mg Ni kg−1, total). Development of root surfaces was analysed with ImageJ; fresh and dry root biomass was determined. Photosynthetic efficiency was performed by analysing the fluorescence of chlorophyll a to estimate the plants’ physiological conditions at the end of the treatment. Hyperaccumulators did not show a Ni-dependent decrease in root surfaces and biomass (except Ni 1000 mg kg−1 for N. caerulescens). The non-hyperaccumulator A. montanum suffers metal stress which threatens plant development, while the excluder T. arvense exhibits a positive ecophysiological response to Ni. The analysis of the root system, as a component of the rhizosphere, help to clarify the response to soil nickel and plant development under metal stress for bioremediation purposes.

scholarly journals Anthracycline-induced cytotoxicity in the GL261 glioma model system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber M. Tavener ◽  
Megan C. Phelps ◽  
Richard L. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gl261 Glioma

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal astrocyte-derived tumor that is currently treated with a multi-modal approach of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide-based chemotherapy. Alternatives to current therapies are urgently needed as its prognosis remains poor. Anthracyclines are a class of compounds that show great potential as GBM chemotherapeutic agents and are widely used to treat solid tumors outside the central nervous system. Here we investigate the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin and other anthracyclines on GL261 glioma tumor cells in anticipation of novel anthracycline-based CNS therapies. Three methods were used to quantify dose-dependent effects of anthracyclines on adherent GL261 tumor cells, a murine cell-based model of GBM. MTT assays quantified anthracycline effects on cell viability, comet assays examined doxorubicin genotoxicity, and flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining characterized doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Dose-dependent reductions in GL261 cell viability were found in cells treated with doxorubicin (EC50 = 4.9 μM), epirubicin (EC50 = 5.9 μM), and idarubicin (EC50 = 4.4 μM). Comet assays showed DNA damage following doxorubicin treatments, peaking at concentrations of 1.0 μM and declining after 25 μM. Lastly, flow cytometric analysis of doxorubicin-treated cells showed dose-dependent induction of apoptosis (EC50 = 5.2 μM). Together, these results characterized the cytotoxic effects of anthracyclines on GL261 glioma cells. We found dose-dependent apoptotic induction; however at high concentrations we find that cell death is likely necrotic. Our results support the continued exploration of anthracyclines as compounds with significant potential for improved GBM treatments.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide (DEET) on Sinonasal Epithelia

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2110092
Author(s):  
Jivianne T. Lee ◽  
Saroj Basak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cell Monitoring ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dose Dependent

Although the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis remains unknown, environmental factors including airborne pollutants and toxicants are postulated to contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the precise pathomechanisms with which environmental toxicants may contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis are not fully understood. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the cytotoxic effects of N,N-diethyl- meta-toluamide (DEET), a commonly used pesticide, on sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs). Sinus mucosa was obtained from 3 subjects without a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cultured SNECs were exposed to various concentrations of DEET (0-5 mM) for 6 days. Cell viability, proliferation, and morphologic changes were assessed using the MTT colorimetric dye assay and the Incucyte Live Cell Monitoring System. Statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and proliferation was observed between exposure and control groups ( P < .05) at all concentrations tested. Dose-dependent cellular morphological changes were also seen. These findings indicate that DEET exposure induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in sinonasal epithelia.

Papaya shoot tip associated endophytic bacteria isolated from in vitro cultures and host–endophyte interaction in vitro and in vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pious Thomas ◽  
Sima Kumari ◽  
Ganiga K. Swarna ◽  
T.K.S. Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Dose Dependent

Fourteen distinct bacterial clones were isolated from surface-sterilized shoot tips (~1 cm) of papaya (Carica papaya L. ‘Surya’) planted on Murashige and Skoog (MS)-based papaya culture medium (23/50 nos.) during the 2–4 week period following in vitro culturing. These isolates were ascribed to six Gram-negative genera, namely Pantoea ( P. ananatis ), Enterobacter ( E. cloacae ), Brevundimonas ( B. aurantiaca ), Sphingomonas , Methylobacterium ( M. rhodesianum ), and Agrobacterium ( A. tumefaciens ) or two Gram-positive genera, Microbacterium ( M. esteraromaticum ) and Bacillus ( B. benzoevorans ) based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Pantoea ananatis was the most frequently isolated organism (70% of the cultures) followed by B. benzoevorans (13%), while others were isolated from single stocks. Bacteria-harboring in vitro cultures often showed a single organism. Pantoea, Enterobacter, and Agrobacterium spp. grew actively on MS-based normal papaya medium, while Microbacterium, Brevundimonas, Bacillus, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium spp. failed to grow in the absence of host tissue. Supplying MS medium with tissue extract enhanced the growth of all the organisms in a dose-dependent manner, indicating reliance of the endophyte on its host. Inoculation of papaya seeds with the endophytes (20 h at OD550 = 0.5) led to delayed germination or slow seedling growth initially. However, the inhibition was overcome by 3 months and the seedlings inoculated with Pantoea, Microbacterium, or Sphingomonas spp. displayed significantly better root and shoot growths.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Mitochondrial Dynamics Preferentially Targets Pancreatic Cancer Cells with Enhanced Tumorigenic and Invasive Potential

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sarah Courtois ◽  
Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado ◽  
Laure Penin-Peyta ◽  
Alba Royo-García ◽  
Beatriz Parejo-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Fission ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Expression Ratio ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumorigenic Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest tumors, partly due to its intrinsic aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance of the contained cancer stem cells (CSCs). Pancreatic CSCs strongly rely on mitochondrial metabolism to maintain their stemness, therefore representing a putative target for their elimination. Since mitochondrial homeostasis depends on the tightly controlled balance between fusion and fission processes, namely mitochondrial dynamics, we aim to study this mechanism in the context of stemness. In human PDAC tissues, the mitochondrial fission gene DNM1L (DRP1) was overexpressed and positively correlated with the stemness signature. Moreover, we observe that primary human CSCs display smaller mitochondria and a higher DRP1/MFN2 expression ratio, indicating the activation of the mitochondrial fission. Interestingly, treatment with the DRP1 inhibitor mDivi-1 induced dose-dependent apoptosis, especially in CD133+ CSCs, due to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and the subsequent energy crisis in this subpopulation. Mechanistically, mDivi-1 inhibited stemness-related features, such as self-renewal, tumorigenicity, and invasiveness and chemosensitized the cells to the cytotoxic effects of Gemcitabine. In summary, mitochondrial fission is an essential process for pancreatic CSCs and represents an attractive target for designing novel multimodal treatments that will more efficiently eliminate cells with high tumorigenic potential.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Aluminum in Murine Thymocytes and Lymphocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Kamalov ◽  
David O. Carpenter ◽  
Irina Birman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Minute Exposure ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

The effects of low concentrations of aluminum chloride on thymocytes and lymphocytes acutely dissociated from young mice were studied using flow cytometry with a DNA-binding dye. We demonstrate a rapid and dose-dependent injury in murine thymocytes and lymphocytes resulting from exposure to aluminum, as indicated by an increase in the entry into the cell of the DNA-binding dye, propidium iodine. A 60-minute exposure to 10 μM AlCl3caused damage of about 5% of thymocytes, while 50% were injured after 10 minutes at 20 μM. Nearly all thymocytes showed evidence of damage at 30 μM AlCl3after only 5 minutes of incubation. In lymphocytes, injury was observed at 15 μM AlCl3and less than 50% of cells were injured after a 60-minute exposure to 20 μM. Injury only rarely proceeded to rapid cell death and was associated with cell swelling. These results suggest that aluminum has cytotoxic effects on cells of the immune system.

scholarly journals Glyoxalase I is a novel nitric-oxide-responsive protein

1999 ◽  
Vol 344 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi MITSUMOTO ◽  
Kwi-Ryeon KIM ◽  
Genichiro OSHIMA ◽  
Manabu KUNIMOTO ◽  
Katsuya OKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Glyoxalase I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Native Form ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Dose Dependent

To clarify the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) signalling, we examined the NO-responsive proteins in cultured human endothelial cells by two-dimensional (2D) PAGE. Levels of two proteins [NO-responsive proteins (NORPs)] with different pI values responded to NO donors. One NORP (pI 5.2) appeared in response to NO, whereas another (pI 5.0) disappeared. These proteins were identified as a native form and a modified form of human glyoxalase I (Glox I; EC 4.4.1.5) by peptide mapping, microsequencing and correlation between the activity and the isoelectric shift. Glox I lost activity in response to NO, and all NO donors tested inhibited its activity in a dose-dependent manner. Activity and normal electrophoretic mobility were restored by dithiothreitol and by the removal of sources of NO from the culture medium. Glox I was selectively inactivated by NO; compounds that induce oxidative stress (H2O2, paraquat and arsenite) failed to inhibit this enzyme. Our results suggest that NO oxidatively modifies Glox I and reversibly inhibits the enzyme's activity. The inactivation of Glox I by NO was more effective than that of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), another NO-sensitive enzyme. Thus Glox I seems to be a novel NO-responsive protein that is more sensitive to NO than G3PDH.

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