scholarly journals Experimental Study on Tensile Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement Ratio of Steel–Plastic Compound Geogrid-Reinforced Belt

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5963
Author(s):  
Qingbiao Wang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Hongxu Song ◽  
Jianing Duan ◽  
Zhongjing Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Minimum Reinforcement ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Optimum Reinforcement ◽  
Deformation Stages ◽  
Tensile Process

The steel–plastic compound geogrid has been widely used as a new reinforcement material in geotechnical engineering and other fields. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the mechanical properties of steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belts to utilize steel–plastic compound geogrids efficiently. In this study, tensile mechanical tests of steel wire, polyethylene geogrid belt, and steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belt were conducted with respect to the tensile mechanical properties of steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belts. In addition, the minimum reinforcement and optimal reinforcement ratios of steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belts were summarized. The results showed that the steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belts possessed an incongruent force of the internal steel wire during the tensile process. The tensile stress–strain curve of the steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belt can be divided into the composite adjustment, steel wire breaking, and residual deformation stages. The tensile strength of the steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belt is proportional to the diameter and number of steel wires in the reinforced belt. The minimum and optimum reinforcement ratios of steel wire in the steel–plastic compound geogrid-reinforced belt were 0.63% and 11.92%, respectively.

Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Significant Difference

The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.

Analyses on the Short-Term Mechanical Properties of Plastic Pipe Reinforced by Cross Helically Wound Steel Wires

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyang Zheng ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Xiufeng Lin ◽  
Yaxian Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Plastic Pipe ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Torque Values

Plastic pipe reinforced by cross helically wound steel wires, namely PSP, is a new plastic-matrix steel composite pipe developed in China recently. In order to understand the mechanical properties of PSP under internal pressure, a four-layer analytical model, which considers the torsion caused by the differences between the winding angles of the inner and outer steel wire layers, has been proposed using structural mechanics. The model includes an inner high density polyethylene (HDPE) layer, an inner steel wire layer, an outer steel wire layer, and an outer HDPE layer. To investigate the mechanical properties in inner and outer steel wire layers, the elastic parameters of the composite monolayer plate were deduced from the rectangle outside and circle inside model. During the elastic response of PSP subjected to internal pressure, the stresses and strains in four layers and pressures between the interfaces were obtained. Good agreement between theoretical results and experimental data was observed, which shows that the presented model can be employed to predict stresses, strains, and torsions in PSP. The failure modes and torque values between PSPs manufactured by two different methods were compared, and the influence of the change in the winding angle on the strain in the exterior surface was also discussed.

Mechanical Properties of Steel Wire-Continuous Basalt Fiber Composite Plate (SBFCP) Under Monotonic Tensile Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 1471-1474
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Zeng ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Zhi Shen Wu ◽  
Wu Qiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Plate ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Composite Pattern ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Continuous Basalt Fiber

Steel wire-continuous basalt fiber composite plate (SBFCP) is a new type of plate whose main constituents are steel wire and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). To investigate the mechanical properties of SBFCP, both theoretical and experimental studies were conducted. A tri-linear model was proposed to predict the stress-strain relationship of SBFCP. Considering two parameters, the volume ratio of steel wires in SBFCP and the type of composite pattern, a monotonic tensile experiment was carried out. Test results show that SBFCP has excellent properties, including high modulus, high strength, and good ductility. Results also demonstrate that the volume ratio of steel wires affects the modulus of SBFCP significantly whereas the type of composite pattern shows little effect on properties of SBFCP.

Comparison of Properties between General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire and Commercial Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wire

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 706-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Ekkapot Sukhanun ◽  
Tunwa Intrarasuksanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Steel Wires

In Thailand, commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires are imported from overseas and expensive. However, lower cost general purpose stainless steel wires, the same type and number as commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires may be used for orthodontic purposes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: Two commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Ormco and Highland) and general purpose stainless steel wire (SUS 304H) were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties were studied according to ISO 15841:2006 and corrosion resistance was studied according to ISO 10271:2001. Surface characteristics and composition were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analyzer, respectively. Results: The experiment indicated that SUS 304H had the diameter and mechanical properties in the range of orthodontic stainless steel wires. The surface characteristics SUS 304H were similar from observation by SEM magnifications but SUS 304H had lower corrosion resistance due to lower nickel content. The composition confirmed that the three samples wires were genuine type 304. Conclusion: SUS 304H properties are comparable to commercial orthodontic wire properties.

Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Wear Behaviour of Squeeze Cast LM13 Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Copper Coated Steel Wires

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (12) ◽  
pp. 1787-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai ◽  
Ramesh Arthanari ◽  
Rohith Selvarajan ◽  
Sujeevan Athanarsamy ◽  
Satheshkumar Arumugam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Sliding Distance

Abstract Copper coated steel wires (1–5 numbers) reinforced in LM13 aluminium alloy composites have been prepared using squeeze casting process. Microstructure of composites has been investigated and mechanical properties viz., hardness, tensile strength and ductility have been examined and reported. Dry sliding wear behaviour of composites has been investigated by varying sliding distance and load. Fracture surface of broken tensile specimens and worn surface of wear samples have been investigated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results reveal that copper coated steel wires reinforcement in LM13 aluminium alloy improves the mechanical properties and wear resistance. Average hardness values of 136 BHN and 96 BHN have been observed in steel wire and at the interface of steel wire and aluminium alloy, respectively. Tensile strength of composites increased up to 28% by reinforcing three copper coated steel wires in LM13 aluminium alloy. Dry sliding wear test results reveal that weight loss, wear rate and coefficient of friction decreased with increasing number of copper coated steel wires reinforcement in LM13 matrix. However, weight loss of samples increased with increasing sliding distance and load. LM13 aluminium alloy reinforced with five numbers of copper coated steel wires decreased the weight loss up to 69% as compared to LM13 aluminium alloy tested at 40 N load and a sliding distance of 2500 m. Fracture surface of composites shows broken steel wires and dimples are observed in LM13 matrix. Worn surface of composites shows fine and shallow grooves; whereas delamination is observed in LM13 aluminium alloy. In general, copper coated steel wire reinforcement in LM13 aluminium alloy exhibited better mechanical properties and wear resistance compared to matrix.

Corrosion Rate and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Wires in Different Corrosive Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Bo Ji ◽  
Jian Tong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Steel Wires

The effects of different concentrations of the mixed solution, different test temperature conditions for corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel wires by using the weight loss method, discussion on fracture strength of 316L stainless steel wires changes after corrosion. The results showed that the higher the concentrations of the mixed solution, test temperature, the larger corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel wires, the smaller fracture strength of 316L stainless steel wires. During the test, the surface of 316L stainless steel wires occurred passivation. Though Cl- of the mixed solution didnt take direct part in the reaction, it prompted passive film rupture, accelerated the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel wires. Meanwhile, the stress-strain curve of 316L stainless steel wires after corrosion no obvious yield phenomenon, showing the form of brittle fracture. And test temperature factors on the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel wires and mechanical properties of the most obvious effect.

Properties of Three Commercial Orthodontic Round Stainless Steel Wire

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Nathaphon Tangit ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Peerapong Tua-Ngam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Steel Wires

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the diameter, mechanical properties (tensile strength: flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, 0.2% yield strength and springback: three point bending test: bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force) and chemical properties (composition and corrosion resistance) of three commercial orthodontic round stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: The samples of this study are three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires, Highland (USA), Dentaurum (Germany) and W&H (China), 0.016 inch and 0.018 inch in size. The diameter was measured by micrometer and the mechanical properties were analyzed with tensile strength and three point bending test by Universal Testing Machine according to ISO 15841:2006. The composition was evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and the corrosion resistance was analyzed by a potentiodynamic polarization technique according to ISO 10271:2001. The data were analyzed with the Kolmoforov-Smith test, One-way ANOVA and Tukeys test. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in diameter of the three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires in both size except 0.016 in diameter between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel wire. In terms of tensile strength, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity and springback in each variable, except W&H stainless steel wire with flexural strength in 0.016 and 0.018 wire size and springback in 0.018 wire size. However, in 0.2% yield strength, there was no significant difference in each brand and size except Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.018 wire size. For the three point bending test, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force of each brand and size except 0.1mm. offset bending force between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.016 wire size. In terms of chemical properties, there were the same elements but difference was found in percentage of each element, and W&H stainless steel had the least corrosion resistance. Conclusion: There were significant differences among three commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires in diameters, mechanical properties and chemical properties which will produce different force on each wire during tooth movement. All three brands, however, are acceptable for orthodontic use. The orthodontist should be aware of these differences in using stainless steel for orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Drawing Process on the Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steel Wires with 0.4% C Content

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5769
Author(s):  
Monika Kucharska ◽  
Sylwia Wiewiórowska ◽  
Jacek Michalczyk ◽  
Andrzej Gontarz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Drawing Speed

In the work, the results of the research concerned with the TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel wire drawing process in experimental and theoretical ways are shown. The wire drawing process tests on the experimental way were conducted in both laboratories as well as industrial conditions, with the use of two drawing speeds (1.6 and 6 m/s) and two drawing schemes (low and high single reductions). The mechanical properties of wires drawn with high drawing speed equal to 6 m/s showed higher values of mechanical properties for wires drawn with low single reductions than for wires drawn with high single reductions. Such a phenomenon contradicts the theory of drawing wires from steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure and must be related to TRIP structure and the presence of retained austenite in it, which is transformed into martensite during the deformation process. In order to explain this phenomenon, the theoretical wire drawing process analysis was conducted with the use of the Drawing 2D program based on the finite element method. On the base of the simulation, a large increase in temperature was found on the surface for wires drawn with high drawing speed and low single reductions, which can cause the blocking of transformation retained austenite into martensite and thus a decrease in Rm. To confirm this thesis, further studies will include tests of the amount of retained austenite in wires obtained during experimental tests.

Analysis of Pearlitic Cold Drawn Steel Wire

2015 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Mihaliková ◽  
Petra Lacková ◽  
Anna Lišková
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Metal Cord ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Elastomeric Material ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
The Individual

The effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of cord steel wires was investigated. Material properties and damage behaviours were identified. Metal cord, for reinforcing articles of an elastomeric material, such as tires, conveyor belts and so on of the single strand type, in particular made up of a plurality of 3, 4 or 6 wires, where in the said wires are twisted together loosely. The metal cord characterized by the fact that the diameter of the individual constituent wires varies between 0.12 and 0.30 mm. Rm tested cord wire was max. 2 946 MPa. Fracture surfaces cords steels were observed.

Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of the Plastic Pipe Reinforced by Cross Helically Winding Steel Wires (PSP) Under Internal Pressure

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Xiong ◽  
Yong Bai ◽  
Hongdong Qiao ◽  
Weidong Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Plastic Pipe ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic

This paper describes the analysis of the mechanical behavior of the plastic pipe reinforced by cross helically winding steel wires (PSP) under pure internal pressure. PSP is a new kind of composite pipe developed rapidly in China recently and it consists of an inner high-density polyethylene (HDPE) layer, several steel wire layers over wrapping the liner and an outer polyethylene coating. To investigate the mechanical properties of steel wire layers, the elastic parameters of the composite monolayer plate are considered as transverse isotropic and derived based on Halpin-Tsai Equations. The stress and strain functions of each layers are obtained using anisotropic elastic mechanical theory and the unknown constants are determined by equilibrium equations and interface conditions. Using ABAQUS, a finite element model (FEM) is established to study the mechanical behavior and failure mode. Results derived from the theoretical method and FEM are presented and compared. Simplified engineering formula of burst pressure is also obtained. The effect of winding angle on PSP is also discussed by parametric analysis. Values of burst capacity predicted from the theoretical method, FEM and simplified engineering formula are in great agreement with the experimental results.

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