scholarly journals Increasing the Efficiency of Food Material Cutting during Inclined and Shear Movements of Knife

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Ageev ◽  
Andrzej Dowgiałło ◽  
Monika Sterczyńska ◽  
Joanna Piepiórka-Stepuk ◽  
Natalia V. Samojlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Resistance Forces

Mathematical models for predicting the resistance forces that are developed during the inclined and sliding cutting of food materials have been developed. The dependence of the actual cutting angle on the angle of inclination and sliding speed of the cutting edge at various sharpening angles have been investigated. For the inclined cutting mode, the dependence of the useful resistance force on the cutting speed has been determined at various angles of inclination of the cutting edge and designed sharpening angles. For the sliding cutting mode, the dependence of the useful resistance force on the feeding speed has been demonstrated at various sliding speed values and designed knife sharpening angles. The dependence of the transformed dimensionless sharpness of the knife on the angle of inclination of the cutting edge and the sliding speed has been established for different constructional sharpness values of the knife. The results of the study indicate that the useful resistance force is significantly reduced during the inclined and sliding cutting processes when compared with the normal cutting process, and a change in the pattern of fiber destruction, which significantly increases the cutting efficiency of cutting tools, is obtained.

A Stochastic Tool-Life Model

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rossetto ◽  
A. Zompi
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Life Model ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

A tool-life model based on the assumption that wear and fracture are the causes of tool death is re-examined from the theoretical standpoint, and extended to include the effect of cutting speed on the fracture-induced failure rate. A stochastic model for multi edge cutting tools is also proposed. This enables the overall statistics to be derived from the data for each individual cutting edge.

Novel Polishing Method of Cutting Edge Using AС Electric Field for Controlling Flank Wear

2018 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
Yoshitugu Kawase ◽  
Yoichi Akagami
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Hard Material ◽  
Cbn Tool ◽  
Tool Edge ◽  
Cutting Processes

Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (cBN), a super-hard material used for hard turning, has good compatibility with steel. However, because chipping occurs from already existing defects and worn out cutting edges, a cBN insert must be exchanged within a short cycle time. By reducing chipping and flank wear, one can reduce the tool costs related to cutting processes and reduce the number of times the insert has to be exchanged, leading to improved productivity. In this study, the authors hypothesize that chipping and flank wear during cutting reduced by polishing a tool edge finely, uniformly, and smoothly before cutting. An apparatus capable of polishing and smoothing a cutting tool edge uniformly is developed. In the free-abrasive control method, application of an AC electric field during polishing is applied to suppress the scattering of abrasives from the tool cutting edge. Results show that scratches created by grinding are nonexistent. Moreover, a smooth cutting edge is obtained after polishing treatment. The wear width of the polished cBN tool under a cutting speed of 50 m/min is half of that of the non-polished treatment tool. Furthermore, no chipping occurs with the polished cBN tool under any conditions. Additionally, results show that the same effect is obtained even when Silicon carbide (SiC) abrasives are used. The n value calculated using the Taylor tool life equation is almost identical in cases of both diamond and SiC abrasives.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF KNIFE PROFILE RESISTANCE FORCE DURING FISH CUTTING

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Oleg Viatcheslavovich Ageev ◽  
Vladimir Arkadievich Naumov ◽  
Yuri Adgamovich Fatykhov
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Instantaneous Modulus ◽  
Flat Back ◽  
Resistance Forces

The article focuses on studying the fish cutting process and modeling forces of harmful resistance. The fish muscular tissue rheological properties are described by a Maxwell-Thomson model. The conditions of constrained compression of the material across the width and the absence of constrained compression in the direction of movement of the knife are accepted. On the basis of the energy approach, the profile resistance force of the double-edged knife has been interpreted as deformational force of the friction at the macroscopic scale level, provided that the surface of the faces is smooth. The mathematical models for dimensional and dimensionless profile resistance forces of the knife without side edges have been developed. The dependence of the dimensional force on the sharpening angles, knife thickness, rheological properties and cutting speed has been established. The dependence of the dimensionless force on the dimensionless cutting speed and measure of the muscle tissue elasticity has been shown. The profile resistance forces of flat-back knife and double-edged knives have been analyzed. With sharpening angle of back edges = 5°; 10°; 20°; 50°, force maximums are 0.317; 0.306; 0.288; 0.274, respectively. When the values of instantaneous modulus of elasticity 1.5·105; 2.0·105; 2.5·105; 3.0·105 N/m2, the maximums of the specified force are 0.310; 0.411; 0.513; 0.614 N, respectively. With the values of elasticity = 4; 7; 11; 15, dimensionless force maximums of flat-back knife are 1.959; 3.166; 4.774; 6.381 and without side edges - 1.193; 1.864; 2.764; 3.663, respectively.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE KNIFE PROFILE SHAPE FOR RESOURCE-SAVING PRIMARY FISH PROCESSING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. АГЕЕВ ◽  
Ю.А. ФАТЫХОВ ◽  
Е.Е. ИВАНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Profile Shape ◽  
Minimum Angle ◽  
Resistance Forces ◽  
Half Thickness

Показана актуальность оптимизации формы профиля ножа для ресурсосберегающего резания рыбы. Мышечная ткань сырья описана реологической моделью МаксвеллаТомсона. Для описания формы криволинейных передних граней использован многочлен третьей степени. Путем решения дифференциального уравнения состояния вязкоупругого материала получены выражения для размерной и безразмерной сил сопротивления при резании рыбы. В результате решения оптимизационной задачи получено выражение для оптимального половинного угла заточки, с которым нож испытывает минимальное вредное сопротивление. Исследованы зависимости безразмерной силы сопротивления формы от геометрических параметров фаски режущего органа. Установлены зависимости оптимального половинного угла заточки бZ1 от безразмерной скорости резания, угла сопряжения, безразмерной половинной толщины ножа и меры эластичности рыбы e01. Оптимальный угол бZ1 зависит от безразмерной половинной толщины ножа , угла сопряжения и безразмерной скорости. Определено, что при резании рыбы ножом с минимальным углом сопряжения граней оптимальный половинный угол заточки составляет 1725 градусов. The relevance of knife profile shape optimization for resource-saving fish cutting has been shown. The muscle tissue of the raw material has been described by the MaxwellThomson rheological model. To describe the shape of the curved front edges, a polynomial of the third degree has been used. Expressions for dimensional and dimensionless resistance forces during cutting fish were obtained by solving the differential equation of state of a viscoelastic material. As a result of solving the optimization problem, an expression for the optimal half sharpening angle with which the knife experiences minimal harmful resistance has been obtained. The dependences of the dimensionless shape resistance force on the geometric parameters of the chamfer of the cutting tool have been investigated. The dependences of the optimal half sharpening angle бZ1 on the dimensionless cutting speed, the mating angle, the dimensionless half knife thickness д and the measure of fish elasticity e01 have been established. The indicated optimal angle бZ1 substantially depends on the dimensionless half thickness of the knife, the mating angle, and dimensionless speed. It was determined that when cutting fish with a knife with a minimum angle of mating of the edges, the optimal half sharpening angle is in the range of 1725 degrees.

scholarly journals Change in Edge Radius of Cutting Tool from Surface Tension Between Solid Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Tohru Ihara ◽  
◽  
Yukio Takahashi ◽  
Xiaoqi Song
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Cutting Edge Radius ◽  
Edge Radius ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cutting Processes

In this study, the “surface tension defined from stress” was used to predict the change in the cutting edge radius in the tool’s initial-stage wear regime. An analysis of the “surface tension defined from the stress” between solids showed that the flow of the material and the adhesion phenomenon must occur simultaneously at the interface. From the experimental and simulation results, it was confirmed that the proposed model can be used to predict the stress distribution acting on the cutting tool and evaluate the “surface tension defined from the stress” at the tool and workpiece interface. It was also verified that the cutting-edge radius under a state of equilibrium changes based on the cutting condition. These results indicate that simply using a cutting tool with a smaller cutting-edge radius will lead to a rapid increase in the cutting-edge retreat at the beginning of the cutting. For the unmanned operation of the cutting processes, it is desirable to use a cutting tool with a cutting-edge radius under a state of equilibrium at the beginning of the cutting to improve the cutting efficiency and reduce the cutting cost.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation into Residual Stress During Turning Operation for Stainless Steel AISI 316

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1862-1870
Author(s):  
Safa M. Lafta ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Aisi 316

RS (residual stresses) represent the main role in the performance of structures and machined parts. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of feed rate with constant cutting speed and depth of cut on residual stresses in orthogonal cutting, using Tungsten carbide cutting tools when machining AISI 316 in turning operation. AISI 316 stainless steel was selected in experiments since it is used in many important industries such as chemical, petrochemical industries, power generation, electrical engineering, food and beverage industry. Four feed rates were selected (0.228, 0.16, 0.08 and 0.065) mm/rev when cutting speed is constant 71 mm/min and depth of cutting 2 mm. The experimental results of residual stresses were (-15.75, 12.84, 64.9, 37.74) MPa and the numerical results of residual stresses were (-15, 12, 59, and 37) MPa. The best value of residual stresses is (-15.75 and -15) MPa when it is in a compressive way. The results showed that the percentage error between numerical by using (ABAQUS/ CAE ver. 2017) and experimental work measured by X-ray diffraction is range (2-15) %.

Effects of Cooling Conditions on Thermal Crack Initiation of Brittle Cutting Tools during Intermittent Cutting

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Kenji Yamaguchi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Fujita ◽  
Yasuo Kondo ◽  
Satoshi Sakamoto ◽  
Mitsugu Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Thermal Crack ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Cutting Operation ◽  
Intermittent Cutting

It is well known that a series of cracks running perpendicular to the cutting edge are sometimes formed on the rake face of brittle cutting tools during intermittent cutting. The cutting tool is exposed to elevated temperatures during the periods of cutting and is cooled quickly during noncutting times. It has been suggested that repeated thermal shocks to the tool during intermittent cutting generate thermal fatigue and result in the observed thermal cracks. Recently, a high speed machining technique has attracted attention. The tool temperature during the period of cutting corresponds to the cutting speed. In addition, the cooling and lubricating conditions affect the tool temperature during noncutting times. The thermal shock applied to the tool increases with increasing cutting speed and cooling conditions. Therefore, to achieve high-speed cutting, the evaluation of the thermal shock and thermal crack resistance of the cutting tool is important. In this study, as a basis for improving the thermal shock resistance of brittle cutting tools during high-speed intermittent cutting from the viewpoint of cutting conditions, we focused on the cooling conditions of the cutting operation. An experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of noncutting time on thermal crack initiation. Thermal crack initiation was found to be restrained by reducing the noncutting time. In the turning experiments, when the noncutting time was less than 10 ms, thermal crack initiation was remarkably decreased even for a cutting speed of 500 m/min. In the milling operation, the number of cutting cycles before thermal crack initiation decreased with increasing cutting speed under conditions where the cutting speed was less than 500 m/min. However, when the cutting speed was greater than 600 m/min, thermal crack initiation was restrained. We applied the minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) coolant supply to the intermittent cutting operation. The experimental results showed that the MQL diminished tool wear compared with that under the dry cutting condition and inhibited thermal crack initiation compared with that under the wet cutting condition.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Cobalt-Free Nanostructured WC Cutting Inserts for Machining of a TiC/Fe Composite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3432
Author(s):  
Edwin Gevorkyan ◽  
Mirosław Rucki ◽  
Tadeusz Sałaciński ◽  
Zbigniew Siemiątkowski ◽  
Volodymyr Nerubatskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Powder Consolidation ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Cutting Inserts ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nanostructured Tungsten Carbide

The paper presents results of investigations on the binderless nanostructured tungsten carbide (WC) cutting tools fabrication and performance. The scientific novelty includes the description of some regularities of the powder consolidation under electric current and the subsequent possibility to utilize them for practical use in the fabrication of cutting tools. The sintering process of WC nanopowder was performed with the electroconsolidation method, which is a modification of spark plasma sintering (SPS). Its advantages include low temperatures and short sintering time which allows retaining nanosize grains of ca. 70 nm, close to the original particle size of the starting powder. In respect to the application of the cutting tools, pure WC nanostructure resulted in a smaller cutting edge radius providing a higher quality of TiC/Fe machined surface. In the range of cutting speeds, vc = 15–40 m/min the durability of the inserts was 75% of that achieved by cubic boron nitride ones, and more than two times better than that of WC-Co cutting tools. In additional tests of machining 13CrMo4 material at an elevated cutting speed of vc = 100 m/min, binderless nWC inserts worked almost three times longer than WC-Co composites.

scholarly journals Estimation of resistance force at steady-state sinkage for cylindrical wheel-typed lunar/planetary exploration rovers with function of push–pull locomotion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Fujiwara ◽  
Naoki Tsujikawa ◽  
Tetsuya Oshima ◽  
Kojiro Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Forces

Abstract Planetary exploration rovers have required a high traveling performance to overcome obstacles such as loose soil and rocks. Push-pull locomotion rovers is a unique scheme, like an inchworm, and it has high traveling performance on loose soil. Push-pull locomotion uses the resistance force by keeping a locked-wheel related to the ground, whereas the conventional rotational traveling uses the shear force from loose soil. The locked-wheel is a key factor for traveling in the push-pull scheme. Understanding the sinking behavior and its resistance force is useful information for estimating the rover’s performance. Previous studies have reported the soil motion under the locked-wheel, the traction, and the traveling behavior of the rover. These studies were, however, limited to the investigation of the resistance force and amount of sinkage for the particular condition depending on the rover. Additionally, the locked-wheel sinks into the soil until it obtains the required force for supporting the other wheels’ motion. How the amount of sinkage and resistance forces are generated at different wheel sizes and mass of an individual wheel has remained unclear, and its estimation method hasn’t existed. This study, therefore, addresses the relationship between the sinkage and its resistance force, and we analyze and consider this relationship via the towing experiment and theoretical consideration. The results revealed that the sinkage reached a steady-state value and depended on the contact area and mass of each wheel, and the maximum resistance force also depends on this sinkage. Additionally, the estimation model did not capture the same trend as the experimental results when the wheel width changed, whereas, the model captured a relatively the same trend as the experimental result when the wheel mass and diameter changed.

Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on machinability, hardness and microstructure in dry turning process of tempered steels

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892097944
Author(s):  
Menderes Kam
Keyword(s):  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Dry Turning ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hardness Values

This study investigated the effects of Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) on machinability, hardness, and microstructure in dry turning process of AISI 4140 (48-51 HRc) tempered steels with ceramic cutting tools on the surface roughness (Ra). DCT process of steels has shown significant improvement in their mechanical properties. In this context, experiments were made with Taguchi L16 method and optimum values were determined. Three different values for each control factors as: different heat treated samples, cutting speeds (160, 200, 240, 280 m/min), feed rates (0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 mm/rev) were selected. As a result, the lowest Ra value was found to be 0.159 µm for the DCTT36 sample at a cutting speed of 240 m/min, a feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev. The optimum Ra value was the lowest for the DCTT36 sample compared to the other samples as 0.206 µm. The hardness values of the micro and macro were highest for the DCTT36 sample. Microstructural point of view Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) point of view, the DCCT36 sample showed that best results owing to its homogeneity. It was concluded that lower Ra values can be obtained with ceramic cutting tool in dry turning experiments according to the studies in the literature review. It is thought to be preferred as an alternative to cylindrical grinding process due to lower cost.

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