scholarly journals Effect of Primary and Secondary Beads of Carbon Enterosorbent on Haematological Parameters and Oxidative Stress Development Caused by Melphalan in Rats

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Oksana Shevchuk ◽  
Elisaveta Snezhkova ◽  
Veronika Sarnatskaya ◽  
Victor Mikhailenko ◽  
Alexei Glavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Background and Objectives: Side effects of anti-cancer drugs are usually accompanied by oxidative stress, including myelotoxicity. We evaluated the potential of oral highly activated micro-/macroporous carbon adsorbents (bulk density of 0.16 g/cm3, surface area calculation by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model (SBET) > 2200 m2/g, derived from proprietary phenolic resin beads) to alleviate oxidative stress and myelotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: A single injection of cytostatic melphalan (L-PAM) at a dose of 4 mg/kg was used for modelling. Two forms of activated carbon were used: AC1—primary beads with the particle size range of 125–250 µm, and AC2—micronized AC1 with a mean particle size of ~1 µm. We measured haematological parameters white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet count, and haemoglobin level. Oxidative stress intensity was evaluated using the following markers: total levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood plasma; catalase activity (CAT) and pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio in blood haemolysate samples; level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues; oxidative modification of proteins, OPM (APHD, aldehyde–dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and KPHD, ketone dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in blood plasma and liver samples. Results: AC2 administration promoted significant myeloprotective effect: 1.5-fold increase in leukocytes, 2-fold in neutrophils, 1.5-fold in lymphocytes, and 1.23-fold in platelet count compared to the experimental Melphalan Group. At the same time, AC1 administration resulted in a slight increase in haematological parameters. Both ACs positively corrected important, but diverse, components of oxidative stress. They significantly reduced oxidative modification of blood and liver proteins (especially the AC1 form), normalized the level of reduced glutathione, pro-oxidant/antioxidant ratio and other markers. For some markers, such as ROS production in blood plasma, the use of enterosorbents resulted in non-significant a shift towards normal parameters. Conclusions: Oral activated carbon adsorbents reduce oxidative stress intensity and myelotoxicity; they can be promising means to combat the adverse effects of chemotherapy in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in osteomyelitis and burns: Specific features of its role in development of pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4286-4293
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Martusevich ◽  
Valery I. Zagrekov ◽  
Ksenia L. Belyaeva ◽  
Alexander S. Pushkin ◽  
Anna G. Soloveva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the features of the initiation and development of oxidative stress in patients with osteomyelitis and burns. Methods: We studied the oxidative metabolism of blood of 20 healthy subjects (controls), 15 patients with burns, and 18 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. All patients included in the second group had thermal burns of the I-II-III degree in trunk and limbs on an area of 31-80% of the body surface without thermal inhalation trauma. After standard sample preparation, a wide range of parameters of oxidative metabolism was determined in the blood. The intensity of free radical processes in blood plasma and red blood cells, and the total antioxidant activity was evaluated by Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma and red blood cells was determined. The level of diene and triene conjugates and Schiff bases was determined spectrophotometrically using reagent kits. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the red blood cells of patients from each of the groups was also determined. Results: We showed that in osteomyelitis, which is a long-lasting process, changes in the balance of free radical generation and activity of the antioxidant system were compensatory and mostly related to changes in blood plasma. On the contrary, in burn victims, oxidative stress signs had a maladaptive character. They were seen in blood plasma and red blood cells, and accompanied by a pronounced depletion of enzyme antioxidant system reserves. Conclusion: Our study demonstrate the role of oxidative stress in patients with burns and chronic osteomyelitis, and demonstrate some specific features leading to formation of disease pathology. Such features of oxidative stress may be useful in future design of new approaches to correct the pathology of diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of pregnancy and stage of lactation on energy processes in isolated blood cells of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Bogdan Dębski ◽  
Tadeusz Nowicki ◽  
Wojciech Zalewski ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszewicz ◽  
Jan Twardoń
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
In Blood Plasma

AbstractIntroduction: The transition period is the most challenging time for dairy cattle, which is characterised not only by negative energy balance but also by fatty tissue mobilisation.Material and Methods: The efficiency of energy pathways, β-oxidation in WBC and glycolysis in RBC (based on deoxyglucose transmembrane transport) were estimated. Insulin in blood plasma was determined using ELISA.Results: After calving and up to one month after delivery, a significant drop in blood plasma level was noticed, simultaneously with a rise in β-oxidation from 18.93 ±3.64 to 30.32 ±5.28 pmol/min/mg protein in WBC. A strong negative correlation between these two indices (r = −0.68) was found. During the period of transition to lactation an increase in glucose cross-membrane transportation from 41.44 ±4.92 to 50.49 ±6.41 μmol/h/g Hb was observed. A strong positive correlation between glucose transportation in RBC and β-oxidation in WBC (r = 0.71) was noticed. These data are in agreement with results of studies on dairy cows using liver slices from dairy cows in late pregnancy and different stages of lactation, in which changes in gene expression were analysed.Conclusion: It seems that measuring fatty acids oxidation and glycolysis using isolated blood cells may be an adequate and relatively simple method for energy state analysis to estimate the state of dairy cow metabolism and animal health.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METFORMIN, SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE AND THEIR COMBINATION ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF RATS WITH GLIOMAS C6

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I V Prokhorova ◽  
O N Pyaskovskaya ◽  
D L Kolesnik ◽  
G I Solyanik
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Background: The efficacy of antimetabolic therapy of malignant neoplasms could not be explained solely by the direct mechanisms of action of such energy metabolism inhibitors as sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and metformin (MTF). The indirect effects of DCA and MTF on the organs and tissues, which could play significant role in the antitumor activity of these agents, have not been thoroughly explored. Aim: To investigate the effect of MTF, DCA and their combination on the survival of rats with C6 glioma and major haematological and biochemical blood parameters. Materials and Methods: DCA and MTF were administered orally to inbred female rats for 11 days starting from the second day after tumor cell transplantation at a total dose of 1.1 and 2.6 g/kg, respectively. When combined treatment was used, MTF was administered 3 hours after the administration of DCA. The content of lactate and pyruvate in blood plasma was determined on the ChemWell® 2910 (Combi) automatic analyzer. Blood parameters were determined using the Particle Counter PCE­210 automatic hematology analyzer. Results: The administration of DCA did not significantly affect the life span of rats with C6 glioma. Duration of life of rats, which were administered with MTF only, was significantly higher (by 19.1%, p < 0.01). Combined administration of DCA + MTF prolonged life span of animals with glioma by 50% (p < 0.001). The positive result of antitumor activity of MTF alone and in combination with DCA correlated with a decrease in the mean platelet volume/platelet count (MPV/PLT) ratio by 75.0% (p < 0.05) compared with tumor control. In addition, the expressed antitumor effect of combination therapy with DCA and MTF was associated with a decrease (p < 0.05) in glucose and lactate levels in blood plasma of rats with C6 glioma by 10% and 41.4%, respectively, compared to tumor control. Analysis of blood parameters showed that the growth of C6 glioma was accompanied by the development of leukopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. The introduction of DCA caused the correction of manifestations of anemia and leukopenia, but did not affect the level of platelets in the blood of animals with glioma. MTF alone and in combination with DCA positively influenced the number of white blood cells and caused complete thrombocytopenia correction, increasing platelet count by more than 200% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The ability of MTF either used alone or in combination with DCA to influence the development of C6 glioma which is manifested in an increase in the lifespan of rats has been revealed. The most pronounced antitumor effect was recorded against the background of the combined use of these agents, which may be due to their ability to lower the levels of lactate and glucose in the blood of tumor­bearing rats. It is proved that MTF both in monotherapy and in combination with DCA provides correction of anemia and thrombocytopenia, which arise at the background of glioma C6 growth.

scholarly journals The effect of biguanide derivatives on oxidative stress in rats with hyperglycemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
E.I. Gorina ◽  
T.N. Popova ◽  
K.K. Shulgin ◽  
S.S. Popov ◽  
L.F. Panchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Glutathione Antioxidant System ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Radical Processes

The effect of the synthetic biguanide derivatives N-[imino(1-piperidinyl)methyl]guanidine (NIPMG) and 1,3-dimethyl-5-[(carbamimidamidomethanimidoil) amino]benzoyl-1,3dicarboxylate (DCB) on the degree of proteins oxidative modification (POM) and the DNA fragmentation, the content of the lipid peroxidation primary products – conjugated dienes (CD), and the activity of glutathione antioxidant system in the liver and heart of rats with experimental hyperglycemia was investigated. Administration of the biguanides (15.0 mg/kg) to hypoglycemic rats promoted reduction of the free radical processes intensity in the studied tissues. Data about CD and POM level changes in hyperglycemic rats treated by NIPMG and DKB correlate with the results of DNA fragmentation degree evaluation. At the same time, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase), and the reduced glutathione content in the liver and heart of rats changed toward control values. For metformin, which was used as a comparison drug, changes in the studied parameters in the same direction were also found. These results indicate the ability of the tested biguanide derivatives to exhibit a positive regulatory effect on free radical homeostasis, reducing the degree of oxidative stress at this pathology.

scholarly journals Haematological Changes in Donors Post Apheresis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Nikhil ◽  
Subhashish Das ◽  
. Snigdha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Rbc Count

Introduction: The productivity, quality of platelet apheresis collection has improved because of the considerable advancement in the automated cell separators. Automated cell separators have lot of sizeable scientific advances, but the alertness has been centered to Platelet Concentrates (PCs) quality than on safety of donor. Aim: To find the changes in haematological parameters and the consequences of apheresis and plateletpheresis on donor’s health. Materials and Methods: It was observational cross-sectional study done in laboratory at RL Jalappa Blood Bank, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The study was done from March 2019 to August 2020. A total of 300 healthy donors (plateletpheresis donors) were involved in the study. The plateletpheresis (Haemonetics MCS), predonation and postdonation haematological parameters such as haemoglobin concentration, Haematocrit (Hct), platelet, white and red blood cell count were calculated in all donors. The samples for Complete Blood Count (CBC) were secured from the donors, at the beginning and end of the procedure. Postdonation haematological parameters such as platelet count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC) counts of the donor was inscribed and comparison was done with the pre donation haematological parameters. Quality control of all Single Donor Platelet (SDP) products was done. All donors were evaluated for adverse donor reactions. The mean pre and post plateletpheresis values comparison was done utilising paired t-test. Statistical analysis was accomplished utilising Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0. Results: Platelet count, haemoglobin, WBC count, RBC count and haematocrit were jotted down from 262 donors and a significant decrease was noticed in these parameters postdonation. Donor parameter platelet count (lac/mL) value was decreased from 273.57-224.28 whereas WBC count (cu/mm) predonation value decreased from 9.91-8.86 Postdonation, haemoglobin (g/dL) value decreased from 14.46-12.91, haematocrit (%) decreased slightly from 45.19-44.19, RBC count (million/mm3) decreased from 5.21-5.01. This concluded that the values decreased postdonation. Conclusion: The study conducted was safe from donor’s point of view. SDP is very effective in treatment of thrombocytopenia and is safe from recipient’s point of view.

scholarly journals HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AMONG SUDANESE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
RaianBakhet Yassein ◽  
Nada Omer Alseedig ◽  
SihamKhalifaAbd Allah ◽  
AreegAlsail Mohmmed ◽  
NosibaAbdelmajid Alballah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Hb Concentration

Chronic renal failure is one of the more common causes of morbidity and mortality among Sudanese. This study describes altered haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematochrit percent (Hct), red blood cells count (RBCs), platelet count (Plts) and white blood cells count (WBCs) in patients with chronic renal failure and describes the effect of disease duration on haemoglobin concentration and red blood cells count. Methods: Haematological parameters in (50) patients with Chronic renal failure and (50) age and sex matched controls were evaluated, living in Shendi locality in northern Sudan. The results of this study showed that mean of Hb concentration, RBCs count, Hct percent and platelet count were exhibited significant decreased, but mean of WBCs count was insignificantly increased. Increased duration of the disease lead to significantly decreased on mean of Hb concentration and RBCs count. Chronic renal failure is associated with different degrees of reduced haematological parameters. Also increase duration of the disease lead to significantly decrease in mean of Hb concentration and RBCs count.

The level of carbonylation of plasma proteins and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different duration of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Petrov Dmitriy Sergeevich Petrov Dmitriy Sergeevich ◽  
Mariya Germanovna Engalycheva ◽  
Natalya Vasilievna Korotkova ◽  
Ulugbek Usmanovich Ochilov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Oxidative Modification Of Proteins

The course of Alzheimer’s disease is associated with an increase in oxidative stress associated with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species against the background of neurodegenerative inflammation, and a simultaneous depletion of the antioxidant defense capabilities of brain cells. The result is the oxidative modification of macromolecules: proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. Protein carbonylation products accumulate not only in neurons, and in direct correlation with the degree of increase in amyloidosis and neurodegeneration, but also in extra-neuronal tissues, including leukocytes. In the course of this study, the levels of spontaneous and induced oxidative modification of proteins were determined in the blood plasma and fractionated leukocytes of peripheral blood of patients with different durations of Alzheimer’s disease, and the value of the reserve-adaptive potential was assessed as markers of the severity of oxidative stress. It has been established that the course of Alzheimer’s disease has a greater effect on the accumulation of carbonyl derivatives in blood plasma. In patients with a disease duration of 5–10 years, the total level of aldehyde and ketone derivatives of modified plasma proteins exceeds the same indicator in subgroups with a shorter duration of the disease. This tendency is less typical for mononuclear leukocytes. The level of induced oxidative modification of proteins increases to a greater extent in blood plasma than in fractionated leukocytes. This indicates the depletion of the reserve-adaptive potential of plasma antioxidant capabilities, which is more pronounced in patients with a long course of Alzheimer’s disease. For polymorphonuclear leukocytes, such a pattern was not revealed, which is probably associated with a short cell life. In mononuclear leukocytes, as well as in plasma, there is a tendency to depletion of the reserve-adaptive potential, but to a lesser extent.

Rapid photometric method for estimation of platelet count in blood plasma or platelet suspension

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Walkowiak ◽  
Ewa Michalak ◽  
Wiktor Koziolkiewicz ◽  
Czeslaw S. Cierniewski
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Platelet Suspension ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Effect of lycopene administration on oxidative stress markers in blood plasma in cysic fibrosis patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S71
Author(s):  
F. Kopriva ◽  
I. Oborna ◽  
I. Fingerova ◽  
G. Wojewodka ◽  
D. Radzioch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
In Blood Plasma

PSX-A-18 Late-Breaking: Oxidative stress biomarkers in blood plasma of moderately exercised horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 372-372
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ott ◽  
Clay A Cavinder ◽  
Caleb O Lemley ◽  
Thu Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
In Blood Plasma

Abstract Oxidative stress by physical stressors negatively impacts the performance of equine athletes. The present study was aimed to determine oxidative biomarkers in blood plasma of exercising horses. Stock-type horses were subject to a standardized moderate intensity exercise protocol following NRC guidelines 3 times per wk for 8 wk. Blood plasma was collected in wk 1, 2, 7, and 8 immediately before and 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after exercise and analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Data were analyzed as repeated measures with wk, d, time, and their interactions as fixed effects. The TAC on d 2 (0.40 mM trolox) were 7.5% greater than that on d 3 (P = 0.013). There were wk × d × time interactions for SOD, TBARS, and GPx (P &lt; 0.001). The TBARS remained at d-1 wk-1 pre-exercise baseline (2.70 µM malondialdehyde) for most collection times within wk 1, 7, and 8 (P ≥ 0.058); however, TBARS increased by 0.24 to 0.41 µM on d 2 of wk 2 post-exercise (P &lt; 0.001) and remained similarly elevated on d 3 pre- and immediately post-exercise (P &lt; 0.001). The GPx similarly remained at baseline (172.57 µM/min; P ≥ 0.621) but increased by 48.18 to 83.36 µM/min at most collection times on d 1 and 2 of wk 2 (P ≤ 0.023). The SOD remained at baseline (167.21 µM/min; P ≥ 0.055) until increasing by 11.28 to 15.61 µM/min at 30 min post-exercise on d 1, wk 1 and at most collection times on d 3, wk 8 (P ≤ 0.043). The current study indicates the time-dependent nature of oxidative stress in relation to persistent stressors such as exercise.

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