State-of-the-Art Review of Pregnancy-Related Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic immunologic disease involving inflammation that can target internal organs, the skin, and joints. The peak incidence occurs between the age of 30 and 40 years, which overlaps with the typical reproductive period of women. Because of comorbidities that can accompany psoriasis, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular involvement, and major depressive disorders, the condition is a complex one. The role of hormones during pregnancy in the lesion dynamics of psoriasis is unclear, and it is important to resolve the implications of this pathology during pregnancy are. Furthermore, treating pregnant women who have psoriasis represents a challenge as most drugs generally prescribed for this pathology are contraindicated in pregnancy because of teratogenic effects. This review covers the state of the art in psoriasis associated with pregnancy. Careful pregnancy monitoring in moderate-to-severe psoriasis vulgaris is required given the high risk of related complications in pregnancy, including pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, low birth weight for gestational age, and gestational diabetes. Topical corticosteroids are safe during pregnancy but effective only for localised forms of psoriasis. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines specifically upregulated in psoriasis, such as ustekinumab (IL-12/23 inhibitor), secukinumab (IL-17 inhibitor) can be effective for the severe form of psoriasis during pregnancy. A multidisciplinary team must choose optimal treatment, taking into account fetal and maternal risks and benefits.

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The Role of HPA Axis and Allopregnanolone on the Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorders and PTSD

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5495

Author(s):

Felipe Borges Almeida ◽

Graziano Pinna ◽

Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros

Keyword(s):

Hpa Axis ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Physiological Adaptations ◽

Suppression Test ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Cortisol Release

Under stressful conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis acts to promote transitory physiological adaptations that are often resolved after the stressful stimulus is no longer present. In addition to corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol), the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) participates in negative feedback mechanisms that restore homeostasis. Chronic, repeated exposure to stress impairs the responsivity of the HPA axis and dampens allopregnanolone levels, participating in the etiopathology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDD and PTSD patients present abnormalities in the HPA axis regulation, such as altered cortisol levels or failure to suppress cortisol release in the dexamethasone suppression test. Herein, we review the neurophysiological role of allopregnanolone both as a potent and positive GABAergic neuromodulator but also in its capacity of inhibiting the HPA axis. The allopregnanolone function in the mechanisms that recapitulate stress-induced pathophysiology, including MDD and PTSD, and its potential as both a treatment target and as a biomarker for these disorders is discussed.

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Assessing the Evidence of Micronutrients on Depression among Children and Adolescents: An Evidence Gap Map

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 908-927

Author(s):

Susan C Campisi ◽

Clare Zasowski ◽

Shailja Shah ◽

Ashka Shah ◽

Glyneva Bradley-Ridout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Severity Of Depression ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT There is some evidence indicating that nutrition may have the ability to prevent, treat, and/or influence the severity of depression. The aims of this evidence gap map (EGM) are to provide an overview and to determine evidence gaps in the existing research on micronutrients and their impact on depression among children and adolescents. We conducted a comprehensive search in multiple databases of primary and secondary literature assessing the impact of micronutrients on depression-related outcomes such as unipolar depression, major depressive disorders, dysthymia, acute depression, and mood disorders. Abstracts and full-text articles were dual-screened based on predefined eligibility criteria. A total of 30 primary research publications were included in the EGM. About 47% of included studies focused on late adolescents (15–19 y), ∼40% on early adolescents (10–14 y), and ∼13% on children aged 6–9 y. Among the included studies, 8 studies examined a single micronutrient intervention and 22 studies examined micronutrient concentrations (either intake or serum), and their impact on depression. The most frequently studied micronutrients were vitamin D (n = 8), zinc (n = 8), iron (n = 6), folate (n = 7), and vitamin B-12 (n = 5). More longitudinal studies and trials are needed to determine the role of micronutrients in the etiology and treatment of depression among children and adolescents.

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Role of Kynurenine Metabolism Pathway Activation in Major Depressive Disorders

Inflammation-Associated Depression: Evidence, Mechanisms and Implications - Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ◽

10.1007/7854_2016_12 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 249-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jonathan Savitz

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Metabolism Pathway ◽

Pathway Activation ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Kynurenine Metabolism

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Role of Serotonergic System in the Antidepressant Actions of mGlu2/3 Receptor Antagonists: Similarity to Ketamine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20061270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shigeyuki Chaki ◽

Kenichi Fukumoto

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Serotonergic System ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Receptor Antagonists ◽

Metabotropic Glutamate ◽

Antidepressant Effects ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Resistant Depression ◽

Synaptic Mechanisms

Numerous studies have demonstrated the antidepressant effects of group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2/3) receptor antagonists in various rodent models. Importantly, it has been shown that the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists in rodent models are similar to those of ketamine, which exerts rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorders, including patients with treatment-resistant depression. In addition, the synaptic mechanisms underlying the effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists are reported to be similar to those underlying the effects of ketamine. The roles of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists have recently been demonstrated. Moreover, it was investigated how mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists interact with the serotonergic system to exert antidepressant effects. Notably, the same neural mechanisms as those underlying the effects of ketamine may be involved in the antidepressant actions of the mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. In this review, we shall summarize the antidepressant potential of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists and their mechanisms of action in comparison with those of ketamine. In particular, we shall focus on the roles of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant actions of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists.

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Reduced Energy Per Cycle, a Marker of Glutamatergic Synaptic Strength, in Individuals Diagnosed with PTSD and Depression

10.1101/2021.04.09.21255211 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lynnette Averill ◽

Lihong Jiang ◽

Prerana Purohit ◽

Anastasia Coppoli ◽

Christopher Averill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Synaptic Strength ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Novel Treatments ◽

Study Results ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Major Depressive Disorders

Trauma and chronic stress are believed to induce and exacerbate psychopathology by disrupting glutamate synaptic connectivity. In this pilot study, we utilized energy-per-cycle (EPC), a novel putative biomarker of glutamatergic synaptic strength, to investigate the role of prefrontal neurotransmission in trauma psychopathology. Healthy control (n=18) and patients with comorbid posttraumatic stress and major depressive disorders (PTSD+MDD; n=16) completed 13C-acetate magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans to estimate prefrontal EPC, which is the ratio of neuronal energetic needs per glutamate neurotransmission cycle (VTCA/VCycle). Patients with PTSD+MDD were found to have 28% reduction in prefrontal EPC (t=3.0; df=32, p=0.005). There was no effect of sex on EPC, but age was negatively associated with prefrontal EPC across groups (r=-0.46, n=34, p=0.006). Controlling for age did not affect the study results. Exploratory analyses found antidepressants to have statistically significant effects (F(2,30)=5.3, p=0.01), with the lowest EPC in the unmedicated PTSD+MDD participants (p=0.003). Patients with comorbid PTSD and MDD have reduced prefrontal glutamatergic synaptic strength, as estimated by EPC. Antidepressant treatment appears to partially normalize the prefrontal EPC deficits. These findings suggest that reduced glutamatergic synaptic strength may contribute to the pathophysiology of comorbid PTSD and MDD and might be targeted by novel treatments.

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Plasma concentrations of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in Patients with Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Major Depressive Disorders

10.21203/rs.3.rs-152636/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Torres Galván ◽

María Flóres López ◽

Pablo Romero Sanchíz ◽

Nerea Requena Ocaña ◽

Oscar Porras Perales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Stimulating Factor

Abstract Aims: Granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) has raised much interest due to its role to cocaine addiction in preclinical models. We analyzed the circulating expression of G-CSF in abstinent chronic users of alcohol and/or cocaine with or without comorbid major depressive disorders to investigate the role of this trophic factor with complicated substance use disorders.Methods: We recruited 176 patients and 136 controls. Patients were divided in 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 126 abstinent substance use disorders (SUD) patients undergoing treatments for alcohol (N=66) or cocaine (N=60) addiction according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. A blood sample was collected to examine plasma concentrations of G-CSF.Results: The plasma concentrations of G-CSF were significantly decreased in the cocaine group compared with the SUD control group. There was a sex dimorphism in the alcohol group, with lower G-CSF concentrations in women compared with men. Plasma concentrations of G-CSF were associated with abstinence and with the length of alcohol problems. The decrease in G-CSF was associated with comorbid MDD, a finding specific for SUD patients since there were no alterations of G-CSF primary settings MDD outpatients.Conclusions: Circulating G-CSF is reduced in SUD patients, being associated to comorbid MDD. A sex-dependent effect was observed in female AUD. Plasma G-CSF concentrations might be used as a predictor of length of chronic alcohol use and as a stratification role in the dual diagnosis in SUD. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of G-CSF as potential biomarker of pathogenic/prognosis in SUD population.

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Anticonvulsant effects of desvenlafaxine on modulating brain monoamine and oxidative stress in mice

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.246194 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

Khalid Saad Alharbi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Major Depressive Disorders ◽

Brain Monoamine ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Desvenlafaxine succinate (DVS) inhibits serotonin reuptake selectively and is approved for major depressive disorders. This research investigated influence of DVS on modulating brain monoamine and oxidative stress in mice. The antiepileptic potential of DVS (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg/i.p.) in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg) with i.p. route of administration, strychnine (STR; 75 mg/kg) with i.p. route, pilocarpine (400 mg/kg) with s.c. route and maximal electroshock MES-induced convulsion in mouse models. The activities of oxidative stress, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brains of PTZ-induced convulsive mice. Treatment with DVS increased the latency to develop siezures and declined mortalities in rodents against PTZ, STR and pilocarpine-induced convulsions. Results of MES-leaded siezures revealed that DVS reduced tonic hind limb extension duration and mortalities significantly. Brain, SOD, GSH and GABA level were significantly (P<0.01) increased and LPO reduced significantly (P<0.01) after DVS treatment. Furthermore, the DVS did not show any motor coordination signs in the rotarod test. We demonstrated that the role of DVS in convulsion genesis in mice under control condition and attenuate the PTZ-induced oxidative damage.

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The Role of Intelligence Quotient as a Risk Factor for Depression: a Literature Review

Scientia Psychiatrica ◽

10.37275/scipsy.v2i1.30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

Bella Sagita Pratiwi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Literature Review ◽

Intelligence Quotient ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Psychomotor Disorders ◽

Long Time ◽

Major Depressive Disorders

A B S T R A C TDepression is a mood disorder with general characteristics in the form of changes insleep patterns and appetite, psychomotor disorders, concentration problems,anhedonia, fatigue, hopelessness and helplessness, and suicidal ideation. If thedepressive disorder goes on for a long time (dysthymia), the person is suggested to bemoody, lazy, or withdrawn from relationships because he loses interest in almost allaspects of his life. Depression is a psychiatric disorder that is often found with aprevalence of around 15%. In general, the onset of major depressive disorders is atthe age of 20 to 50 years, but the most often is at the age of 40 years. Cognitive playsa role in the aetiology and prognosis of someone with depression. The higher thecognitive level of a person, the more it will affect the cure rate and prevent recurrencein someone experiencing psychiatric disorders. This literature review will explain therole of intelligence quotient in depressive disorders.

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Gender features of depressive disorders

Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii ◽

10.36927/2079-0325-v29-is1-2021-4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Lyubov Atramentova ◽

Igor Linskiy ◽

Olha Utevska ◽

Natalia Maruta ◽

Svitlana Kolyadko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Disorders ◽

Female Gender ◽

Severe Form ◽

Disease Manifestation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Female Part ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

Males And Females ◽

Gender Aspect

In order to study the role of gender characteristics in the development of depressive disorders on the model of the population of the Kharkov region, an analysis of the incidence, frequency of depression and the age of disease manifestation was carried out. Summarizing the presented data, it should be noted that the structure of the incidence of depressive disorders is characterized by the predominance of women. The ratio of males and females for most forms of depression (F32, F33, F34) is 1 : 2.86—3.44 (among patients with bipolar disorder (F31), the prevalence of women is less — 1 : 1.38). The incidence of depressive disorders in the population was 0.21 %. In all the years studied, the cumulative frequency of depression in the female part of the population was 1.4—2.4 times higher than in men, which gives grounds to consider the female gender as a factor of increased risk of the formation of depressive disorders. The study of the age of manifestation and the peak incidence in the gender aspect showed that depression in men is associated with an earlier manifestation (10—14 years) and a maximum incidence at the age of 45—49 years (in women, the corresponding periods were recorded at 15—19 years and 50—59 years). Considering depressive disorders as a multifactorial disease. It should be emphasized the likelihood of a more severe course in men and less pronounced in women. The severity of the patient’s illness forms a differentiated risk for the patient’s relatives. Relatives of a patient with a severe form and early manifestation have a higher risk. The data obtained are important for practical genetic and clinical and psychopathological prediction.

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