scholarly journals The Biological Efficacy of Natural Products against Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in the Oral Region

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Ara ◽  
Sachie Nakatani ◽  
Kenji Kobata ◽  
Norio Sogawa ◽  
Chiharu Sogawa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The oral inflammatory diseases are divided into two types: acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological efficacy of herbal medicine, natural products, and their active ingredients against acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in the oral region, especially stomatitis and periodontitis. We review the effects of herbal medicines and a biscoclaurin alkaloid preparation, cepharamthin, as a therapy against stomatitis, an acute inflammatory disease. We also summarize the effects of herbal medicines and natural products against periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, and one of its clinical conditions, alveolar bone resorption. Recent studies show that several herbal medicines such as kakkonto and ninjinto reduce LPS-induced PGE 2 production by human gingival fibroblasts. Among herbs constituting these herbal medicines, shokyo (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and kankyo (Zingiberis Processum Rhizoma) strongly reduce PGE 2 production. Moreover, anti-osteoclast activity has been observed in some natural products with anti-inflammatory effects used against rheumatoid arthritis such as carotenoids, flavonoids, limonoids, and polyphenols. These herbal medicines and natural products could be useful for treating oral inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the mechanisms of sarcopenia in chronic inflammatory disease: protocol for a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Dhaliwal ◽  
Felicity R. Williams ◽  
Jonathan I. Quinlan ◽  
Sophie L. Allen ◽  
Carolyn Greig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract Background Several chronic inflammatory diseases co-exist with and accelerate sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength, function and mass) and negatively impact on both morbidity and mortality. There is currently limited research on the extent of sarcopenia in such conditions, how to accurately assess it and whether there are generic or disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential mechanisms driving sarcopenia within chronic inflammatory disease via a multi-modal approach; in an attempt to help define potential interventions for future use. Methods This prospective cohort study will consist of a multi-modal assessment of sarcopenia and its underlying mechanisms. Recruitment will target three chronic inflammatory diseases: chronic liver disease (CLD) (n=50), with a subset of NAFLD (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=50) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=50) both before and after therapeutic intervention. In addition, 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals will be recruited for comparison. Participants will undergo 4 assessment visits at weeks 0, 2, 12 and 24. Visits will consist of the following assessments: blood tests, anthropometrics, functional assessment, quadriceps muscle imaging, actigraphy, quality of life questionnaires, food diary collection and muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (at weeks 2 and 24 only). In addition, stool and urine samples will be collected for future microbiome and metabolomics analysis. Discussion This is the first study to use a multi-modal assessment model to phenotype sarcopenia in these chronic inflammatory diseases. We hope to identify generic as well as disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. We appreciate that these cohorts do require separate standards of care treatments which limit comparison between groups. Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Health Research Authority - West Midlands Solihull Research Ethics Service Committee Authority (REC reference: 18/WM/0167). Recruitment commenced in January 2019 and will continue until July 2021. The study was halted in March 2020 and again in January 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. All data will be stored on a secure server. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04734496

scholarly journals Targeting interleukin-17 in chronic inflammatory disease: A clinical perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Zwicky ◽  
Susanne Unger ◽  
Burkhard Becher
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Clinical Perspective ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
Barrier Tissues

Chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis, Crohn’s disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and others are increasingly recognized as disease entities, where dysregulated cytokines contribute substantially to tissue-specific inflammation. A dysregulation in the IL-23/IL-17 axis can lead to inflammation of barrier tissues, whereas its role in internal organ inflammation remains less clear. Here we discuss the most recent developments in targeting IL-17 for the treatment of chronic inflammation in preclinical models and in patients afflicted with chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Novel and Stable Dual-Color IL-6 and IL-10 Reporters Derived from RAW 264.7 for Anti-Inflammation Screening of Natural Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Papawee Saiki ◽  
Yasuhiro Kawano ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakajima ◽  
Leo J. L. D. Van Griensven ◽  
Koyomi Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Dual Color ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Our previous study suggested that the interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 could serve as good biomarkers for chronic inflammatory disease. We previously established an IL-6 and IL-10 reporters assay that could examine reporter activity along with the reference gene in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we described new and stable RAW 264.7 derived dual-color IL-6/gapdh and IL-10/gapdh reporters. This assay allowed us to easily determine relative IL-6 and IL-10 levels with 96-well plate within one step. We evaluated the relative IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the LPS-induced stable cells testing 52 natural products by real-time bioluminescence monitoring and time-point determination using a microplate luminometer. The relative IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 values decreased by the crude ethanol extracts from nutmeg and by 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol from greater galangal using real-time bioluminescence monitoring. At the same time, the relative IL-10 was induced. The relative IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 decreased by crude ethanol extracts from nutmeg and 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate at 6 h. Only crude ethanol extract from nutmeg induced IL-10 at 6 h. We suggested that the use of these stable cells by real-time monitoring could serve as a screening assay for anti-inflammatory activity and may be used to discover new drugs against chronic inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals 4-Methoxycarbonyl Curcumin: A Unique Inhibitor of Both Inflammatory Mediators and Periodontal Inflammation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gu ◽  
Hsi-Ming Lee ◽  
Nicole Napolitano ◽  
McKenzie Clemens ◽  
Yazhou Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Increased Risk

Chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis have been associated with increased risk for various medical conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), derived from gram-negative periodonto-pathogens, can induce the local accumulation of mononuclear cells in the inflammatory lesion, increasing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This ultimately results in the destruction of periodontal connective tissues including alveolar bone. Curcumin is the principal dyestuff in the popular Indian spice turmeric and has significant regulatory effects on inflammatory mediators but is characterized by poor solubility and low bioactivity. Recently, we developed a series of chemically modified curcumins (CMCs) with increased solubility and zinc-binding activity, while retaining, or further enhancing, their therapeutic effects. In the current study, we demonstrate that a novel CMC (CMC 2.5: 4-methoxycarbonyl curcumin) has significant inhibitory effects, better than the parent compound curcumin, on proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs inin vitro, in cell culture, and in an animal model of periodontal inflammation. The therapeutic potential of CMC 2.5 and its congeners may help to prevent tissue damage during various chronic inflammatory diseases including periodontitis and may reduce the risks of systemic diseases associated with this local disorder.

scholarly journals Blood Immunoproteasome Activity Is Regulated by Sex, Age and in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A First Population-Based Study

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3336
Author(s):  
Ilona Elisabeth Kammerl ◽  
Claudia Flexeder ◽  
Stefan Karrasch ◽  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
Margit Heier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Dysfunction of the immunoproteasome has been implicated in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Its potential as a biomarker for predicting disease stages, however, has not been investigated so far and population-based analyses on the impact of sex and age are missing. We here analyzed the activity of all six catalytic sites of the proteasome in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 873 study participants of the KORA FF4 study using activity-based probes. The activity of the immuno- and standard proteasome correlated clearly with elevated leukocyte counts of study participants. Unexpectedly, we observed a strong sex dimorphism for proteasome activity with significantly lower immunoproteasome activity in women. In aging, almost all catalytic activities of the proteasome were activated in aged women while maintained upon aging in men. We also noted distinct sex-related activation patterns of standard and immunoproteasome active sites in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as determined by multiple linear regression modeling. Our data thus provides a conceptual framework for future analysis of immunoproteasome function as a bio-marker for chronic inflammatory disease development and progression.

scholarly journals Cross-tissue, single-cell stromal atlas identifies shared pathological fibroblast phenotypes in four chronic inflammatory diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Korsunsky ◽  
Kevin Wei ◽  
Mathilde Pohin ◽  
Edy Y. Kim ◽  
Francesca Barone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

SummaryPro-inflammatory fibroblasts are critical to pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial lung disease, and Sjögren’s syndrome, and represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory disease. However, the heterogeneity of fibroblast phenotypes, exacerbated by the lack of a common cross-tissue taxonomy, has limited the understanding of which pathways are shared by multiple diseases. To investigate, we profiled patient-derived fibroblasts from inflamed and non-inflamed synovium, intestine, lung, and salivary glands with single-cell RNA-sequencing. We integrated all fibroblasts into a multi-tissue atlas to characterize shared and tissue-specific phenotypes. Two shared clusters, CXCL10+CCL19+ immune-interacting and SPARC+COL3A1+ vascular-interacting fibroblasts were expanded in all inflamed tissues and additionally mapped to dermal analogues in a public atopic dermatitis atlas. We further confirmed these human pro-inflammatory fibroblasts in animal models of lung, joint, and intestinal inflammation. This work represents the first cross-tissue, single-cell fibroblast atlas revealing shared pathogenic activation states across four chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Bromelain as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compound

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Siavash Hosseinpour Chermahini
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Complicated Problem ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is a complicated problem for today’s human beings. Large numbers of people have been diagnosed with arthritis along with inflammation. This is beside the others that suffer inflammation caused by an injury. There are alternatives that can be considered as temporary or permanent treatments of chronic inflammatory diseases. Plants, as well as other biological resources, are most welcomed to the therapeutic area. Using the plants’ compounds with high potential as novel techniques are today’s bio-pharmacologist concern. Bromelain has been more attractive due to its characteristics. This review is an overview of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect of bromelain as a confident treatment for all inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Asthma: What Have Experimental Models Already Taught Us?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bonamichi-Santos ◽  
M. V. Aun ◽  
R. C. Agondi ◽  
J. Kalil ◽  
P. Giavina-Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Respiratory Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that imposes a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the community. Although many aspects of the pathogenesis of classical allergic asthma are well known by the scientific community, other points are not yet understood. Experimental asthma models, particularly murine models, have been used for over 100 years in order to better understand the immunopathology of asthma. It has been shown that human microbiome is an important component in the development of the immune system. Furthermore, the occurrence of many inflammatory diseases is influenced by the presence of microbes. Again, experimental models of asthma have helped researchers to understand the relationship between the microbiome and respiratory inflammation. In this review, we discuss the evolution of murine models of asthma and approach the major studies involving the microbiome and asthma.

scholarly journals Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5770
Author(s):  
Eunhye Ji ◽  
Sahmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Rheumatic Arthritis ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Tnf Α

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to the aging of societies. Atherosclerosis, a type of chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in arteries, is considered to be the main cause of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease or stroke. In addition, the inflammatory response caused by atherosclerosis confers a significant effect on chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatic arthritis. Here, we review the mechanism of action of the main causes of atherosclerosis such as plasma LDL level and inflammation; furthermore, we review the recent findings on the preclinical and clinical effects of antibodies that reduce the LDL level and those that neutralize the cytokines involved in inflammation. The apolipoprotein B autoantibody and anti-PCSK9 antibody reduced the level of LDL and plaques in animal studies, but failed to significantly reduce carotid inflammation plaques in clinical trials. The monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 (alirocumab, evolocumab), which are used as a treatment for hyperlipidemia, lowered cholesterol levels and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Antibodies that neutralize inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-12/23) have shown promising but contradictory results and thus warrant further research.

scholarly journals Guided Tissue Regeneration – A Boon to Surgical Periodontal Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-474
Author(s):  
Dr. Akhilesh Sankhyayan ◽  
Dr. Anil Sharma ◽  
Vidushi Jindal ◽  
Dr. Malvika Thakur ◽  
Dr. Vikas Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Guided Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Pocket Formation

Periodontitis has been a chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva which eventually result in periodontal pocket formation with loss of the associated periodontal ligament and alveolar bone around teeth. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR), which is often a target for periodontal treatment, has the ability to promote periodontal regeneration. The development of the periodontal attachment is primarily concerned with tissue regeneration.Based on such concept, guided tissue regeneration is being utilized to varying degree of success to restore periodontal defects. In order to remove epithelium as well as gingival corium from the root and/or existing bone walls on the assumption that they interfere with regeneration, barrier techniques have been applied, using elements like expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, polyglactine, polylactic acid, calcium sulfate and collagen.

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