Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Potential, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link Fruiting Body

Background: Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a folk medicine in East Asia. In this study, the separation of constituents involved in xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of C. militaris was conducted. Methods: The aqueous residue of this fungus was extracted by methanol and then subsequently fractionated by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest XO inhibitory and antioxidant activities was separated to different fractions by column chromatography. Each fraction was then subjected to anti-hyperuricemia, antioxidant and antibacterial assays. Results: The results showed that the CM8 fraction exhibited the strongest XO inhibitory activity (the lowest IC50: 62.82 μg/mL), followed by the CM10 (IC50: 68.04 μg/mL) and the CM7 (IC50: 86.78 μg/mL). The level of XO inhibition was proportional to antioxidant activity. In antibacterial assay, the CM9 and CM11 fractions showed effective antibacterial activity (MIC values: 15–25 mg/mL and 10–25 mg/mL, respectively). Results from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses indicated that cordycepin was the major constituent in the CM8 and CM10 fractions. Conclusions: This study revealed that C. militaris was beneficial for treatment hyperuricemia although in vivo trials on compounds purified from this medicinal fungus are needed.

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Short Communication: Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of tree fern Cyathea contaminans

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Faizal ◽

Intan Taufik ◽

Anisah Firda Rachmani ◽

Alda Wydia Prihartini Azar

Keyword(s):

Short Communication ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tree Fern ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

E Coli ◽

Mature Leaves

Abstract. Faizal A, Taufik I, Rchman AF, Azar AWP. 2020. Short Communication: Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of tree fern Cyathea contaminans. Biodiversitas 21: 2201-2205. Cyathea contaminans (Wall. ex Hook) Copel is a tree fern used in traditional practices as herbal remedies to treat different kinds of diseases. To explore its further medicinal uses, we designed a study to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polar and non-polar extracts of this fern. The fern leaves (mature fronds), young fronds, and hairs were collected from Tangkuban Perahu Nature Park, West Java, Indonesia, and were extracted by methanol 80% or n-hexane. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, whereas antibacterial activity was measured by growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results showed that methanol extract from mature leaves (fronds) exhibits weak to very strong antioxidant activities (IC50 37.13-225.19 µg/mL), whilst hairs and young fronds showed weak activities, i.e. IC50 179.50-255.49 µg/mL and IC50 544.27->2000 µg/mL, respectively. Hexane fraction from fronds was active against E. coli and S. aureus (43.92% and 46.8%), and from hairs against E. coli (48.1%) in concentration of 250 µg/mL. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that active compounds from fronds extract were dominated by 2H-tetrazole, 5-(thiophen-2yl) methyl (14,29 %), 2-thiophene acetic acid, 2-methyl phenyl ester (14,54%), and phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)-4-methyl (10.54%). This study concluded that mature leaves (fronds) of C. contaminans is the potential to be used as antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

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Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ◽

10.25258/ijcprr.v8i01.9082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Azadeh Foroughi ◽

Pouya Pournaghi ◽

Fariba Najafi ◽

Akram Zangeneh ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Screen Test ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare

Medicinal plants are considered modern resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in demeanor of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was done to specify chemical composion. As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the essential oil, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to determinate MIC. The results indicated that the most substance found in FV essential oil was Trans-anethole (47.41 %), also the essential oil of FV with 0.007 g/ml concentration has prevented P. aeruginosa and with 0.002 g/ml concentration has prevented B. subtilis from the growth. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb on test P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. We believe that the article provide support to the antibacterial properties of the essential oil. The results indicate the fact that the essential oil from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

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Shelf Life Extension of Chilled Pork by Optimal Ultrasonicated Ceylon Spinach (Basella alba) Extracts: Physicochemical and Microbial Properties

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1241

Author(s):

Yuthana Phimolsiripol ◽

Srirana Buadoktoom ◽

Pimporn Leelapornpisid ◽

Kittisak Jantanasakulwong ◽

Phisit Seesuriyachan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Meat Products ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Life Extension ◽

Microbial Count ◽

Basella Alba ◽

Chilled Pork

The effect of ultrasonication on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ceylon spinach (Basella alba) extracts (CE) and the shelf life of chilled pork with CE were studied. The CE were ultrasonicated at different power levels (60–100%) for 10–40 min in an ultrasonic bath with the rise of antioxidant activities (p ≤ 0.05) proportional to the ultrasonication time. The additional investigation of antibacterial activities showed that the ultrasonicated extracts (100 mg/mL) could inhibit and inactivate Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with the optimal condition of 80% power for 40 min. For shelf-life testing, fresh pork treated with the ultrasonicated extracts at 100 and 120 mg/mL had lower values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) than the control (without dipping). For food safety as measured by the total microbial count, the fresh pork dipped with 100–120 mg/mL CE extract could be kept at 0 °C for 7 days, 2 to 3 days longer than control meat at 0 and 4 °C, respectively. A sensory evaluation using a nine-point hedonic scale showed that fresh pork dipped with 100-mg/mL CE extracts was accepted by consumers. It is suggested that CE extracts can be applied in the food industry to enhance the quality and extend the shelf life of meat products.

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Polyphenol Contents, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous Algerian Propolis Extracts

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2021-0282 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E.K. Soltani ◽

K. Zaim ◽

K. Mokhnache ◽

N. Haichour ◽

S. Mezaache-Aichour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Aqueous Extracts

The propolis, an extremely complex resinous material, exhibits valuable pharmacological and biological properties, mainly attributed to the presence of polyphenols. The composition of propolis depends on time, vegetation, and the area of collection. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of aqueous extracts of propolis samples from different areas of Algeria, determined by using aluminum chloride and Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric methods, were in the range of 3.047 ± 0.004–5.273 ± 0.013 mg/g and 96.833 ± 0.027–458.833 ± 0.0005 mg/g crude extract of propolis, respectively. This study examined the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis. Aqueous extracts of propolis were obtained in order to evaluate their antioxidant activities by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene and electrochemical assays. All tested propolis samples had relatively strong antioxidant activities, which were also correlated with the total polyphenol and flavonoid content present. The percentage of inhibition of lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion during 24 h varied between 86.04 ± 0.42 and 90.60 ± 3.77% among the tested samples. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed by ABAL (Ain Abassa Aqueous Extract) with IC50 = 8.49 ± 5.07 10−5 μg/ml, and the lowest was observed by SAL (Setif Aqueous Extract) with IC50 of 21.16 ± 0.0001 μg/ml. The most important antibacterial activity was obtained with Ain Abassa extract; the zones of inhibition obtained for this excerpt vary from 15.22 to 15.5 mm. Followed by the Setif extract with areas of 12.33 to 12.75 mm, the Tizi-Ouzou extract with areas of 10.11 to 11.11 mm. This study will bring an innovation for further studies with regard to the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the aqueous extracts of propolis. This study corroborates that Algerian propolis is a rich source of natural antioxidants, properties which could be used in the prevention of different diseases, both in humans and in animals.

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Efficient Synthesis of Novel N-[4-Methyl-3-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene]benzamide Hybrid Ring System as Potential Antibacterial Agents

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406417666210923103209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Hummera Rafique ◽

Aamer Saeed ◽

Muhammad Naseem ◽

Tauqeer Riaz ◽

Fouzia Perveen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Structural Features ◽

Ring System ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Thiazole Ring ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Hybrid Ring

Background: Heterocyclic compounds display versatile biological applications, so the aim of this paper was to prepare biologically important heterocycles with enhanced bacterial resistance and to evaluate for their various structural features that are responsible for their biological properties. Objective: The objective was to synthesize bacterial resistance compounds with enhanced antibacterial properties. Method: Ester moiety containing thiazole ring was converted into its hydrazide derivatives. These heterocyclic derivatives were cyclized into another ring oxadiazole; hence a hybrid ring system of two biologically active rings was prepared. Result: All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and were screened for their antibacterial potential; they possess significant antibacterial activities. Conclusion: New hybrid heterocyclic ring systems were synthesized by cyclization of hydrazide derivatives by adopting two step strategy in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities; they showed moderate to significant activities. QSAR and Molecular docking studies were performed to determine the mode of interaction. Experimental and computational data is in accordance with the determined antibacterial activities.

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Application of Heating on the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Malaysian and Australian Stingless Bee Honey

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10111365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1365

Author(s):

Nurul Ainaa Farhanah Mat Ramlan ◽

Aina Syahirah Md Zin ◽

Nur Fatihah Safari ◽

Kim Wei Chan ◽

Norhasnida Zawawi

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Heat Treatments ◽

Stingless Bee ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power

In the honey industry, heat treatments are usually applied to maintain honey’s quality and shelf life. Heat treatment is used to avoid crystallisation and allow the easy use of honey, but treatment with heat might affect the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, which are the immediate health effects of honey. This study will determine the effect of heat treatment on Malaysian and Australian stingless bee honey (SBH) produced by the common bee species in both countries. Eighteen honey samples were subjected to heat at 45 °C, 55 °C and 65 °C for one hour and subsequently analysed for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results show that all samples had high TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities before the treatment. The heat treatments did not affect (p < 0.05) the TPC, TFC and antioxidant activities in most samples, but did inhibit the antibacterial activities consistently in most of the samples, regardless of the bee species and country of origin. This study also confirms a strong correlation between TPC and TFC with FRAP activities for the non-heated and heated honey samples (p < 0.05). Other heat-sensitive bioactive compounds in SBH should be measured to control the antibacterial properties present.

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Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fruits of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

ACADEMIA JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY ◽

10.15625/2615-9023/v42n3.13916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hoang Thi Binh ◽

Tran Thi Bao Tram ◽

Do Ngoc Dai ◽

Vuong Thuy Tien ◽

Le Minh Tam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

In the present study, chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G Hartley in Dalat were evaluated. Essential oil was isolated through hydro-distillation. Twenty-nine constituents comprising 100% of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The major compounds in the essential oil were (+)-Sabinene (34.73%), Cis-α-bergamotene (13.15%), Z-α-trans-bergamotol (5.28%), β-mycrene (4.98%), and 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-(4.71%). Antibacterial activities of Melicope pteleifolia essential oil were investigated against Gram-positive and-negative bacteria. Results showed significant activities against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli using an agar well diffusion method. The application of this essential oil in preventing and eliminating bacteria could be useful in fields as medicine and cosmetics.

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Antibacterial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mentha cordifolia Leaves and Their Volatile Constituents

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100941 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100

Author(s):

Sakon Monggoot ◽

Jariya Burawat ◽

Patcharee Pripdeevech

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Concentration ◽

Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽

First Time

A total of 17 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz (Lamiaceae). Seven isolates were identified to the level of genus by using taxonomically relevant morphological traits. Colletotrichum and Phomopsis species were dominant among these strains. All strains were separated from M. cordifolia leaf for the first time. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytic fungi were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR1166 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR781. Most endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity. Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 presented the highest inhibition zone diameter with a MIC of 31.25 μg/mL against the tested pathogens. The chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of this strain was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-one components were identified. 2-Phenylethanol (38.7%), E-ligustilide (12.4%), α-eudesmol (10.2%), β-vetivone (4.6%), β-ylangene (3.7%) and verbanol (3.4%) were the major components of the extract. The strong antibacterial activity of Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 ethyl acetate extract may be attributed to the presence of a high concentration of bioactive compounds including phenyl ethyl alcohol, E-ligustilide and α-eudesmol. The results indicate that there is high diversity of endophytic fungi in M. cordifolia leaf, and that Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 strain could be an excellent resource of natural antibacterial compounds.

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A Polyphenol-Rich Fraction from Eugenia uniflora Exhibits Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities In Vivo

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph13050084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Mansour Sobeh ◽

Marwa S. Hamza ◽

Mohamed L. Ashour ◽

Mona Elkhatieb ◽

Mohamed A El Raey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Liver Injury ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Acute Liver Injury ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Eugenia Uniflora ◽

Quercetin Derivatives

Leaves from Eugenia uniflora, the red Brazilian cherry, have a high content of flavonoids that possess several biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. However, their influence on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in rats has not been investigated. In the current study, a bioguided fractionation assay revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Eugenia uniflora is the safest and most active fraction. LC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction revealed 22 secondary metabolites, mainly myricetin and quercetin derivatives. EAF did not show toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg, and exhibited antioxidant activities in vitro in DPPH assay with IC50 of 3.35 µg/mL. Additionally, EAF exhibited substantial antioxidant activities in vivo by counteracting the oxidative damage of the prooxidant juglone [80 µM] in Caenorhabditis elegans model organism and increased its survival rate in a dose-dependent fashion through the DAF-16/Foxo pathway. Furthermore, the hepatoprotective activity of EAF (200 mg/kg against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated male Wistar rats was assessed. EAF significantly inhibited CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), in the blood serum and prevented lipid peroxidation and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in liver tissues. The observed hepatoprotective effects of EAF, which were supported by histopathological observations as pretreatment with EAF, effectively attenuated the CCl4-induced histopathological changes. In conclusion, EAF of Eugenia uniflora leaves has substantial hepatoprotective activities against CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats due to its antioxidant activity.

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Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2017-0150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (9-10) ◽

pp. 353-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nursenem Karaca ◽

Betül Demirci ◽

Fatih Demirci

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Lavandula Stoechas ◽

Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

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