scholarly journals The Effect of Ultraviolet Treatment on TiO2 Nanotubes: A Study of Surface Characteristics, Bacterial Adhesion, and Gingival Fibroblast Response

Metals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Masahiko Kobayashi ◽  
Aous A. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Jongyun Moon ◽  
Khalil Shahramian ◽  
Risto Punkkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Uv Treatment

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes are emerging as a provocative target for oral implant research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of UV on the wettability behavior, bacterial colonization, and fibroblast proliferation rate of TiO2 nanotube surfaces prepared using different anodization voltages and aimed for use as implant abutment materials. Four different experimental materials were prepared: (1) TiO2 nanotube 10 V; (2) TiO2 nanotube 15 V; (3) TiO2 nanotube 20 V; and (4) commercial pure titanium as a control group. TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared in an aqueous electrolyte solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF, 0.5 vol.%). Different anodization voltages were used to modify the morphology of the TiO2 nanotubes. Equilibrium contact angles were measured using the sessile drop method with a contact angle meter. The investigated surfaces (n = 3) were incubated at 37 °C in a suspension of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) for 30 min for bacterial adhesion and 3 days for biofilm formation. Human gingival fibroblasts were plated and cultured on the experimental substrates for up to 7 days and the cell proliferation rate was assessed using the AlamarBlue assayTM (BioSource International, Camarillo, CA, USA). The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Water contact angle measurements on the TiO2 after UV treatment showed an overall hydrophilic behavior regardless of the anodization voltage. The ranking of the UV-treated surfaces of experimental groups from lowest to highest for bacterial adhesion was: TiO2 nanotube 20 V < Ti and TiO2 nanotube 15 V < TiO2 nanotube 10 V (p < 0.05), and for bacterial biofilm formation was: TiO2 nanotube 20 V-TiO2 nanotube 10 V < Ti-TiO2 nanotube 15 V (p < 0.05). Fibroblast cell proliferation was lower on TiO2 nanotube surfaces throughout the incubation period and UV light treatment showed no enhancement in cellular response. UV treatment enhances the wettability behavior of TiO2 nanotube surfaces and could result in lower bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.

scholarly journals N-Acetyl-l-Cysteine Affects Growth, Extracellular Polysaccharide Production, and Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Solid Surfaces

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4814-4822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Cathrin Olofsson ◽  
Malte Hermansson ◽  
Hans Elwing
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Steel Surfaces

ABSTRACT N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is used in medical treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. The positive effects of NAC treatment have primarily been attributed to the mucus-dissolving properties of NAC, as well as its ability to decrease biofilm formation, which reduces bacterial infections. Our results suggest that NAC also may be an interesting candidate for use as an agent to reduce and prevent biofilm formation on stainless steel surfaces in environments typical of paper mill plants. Using 10 different bacterial strains isolated from a paper mill, we found that the mode of action of NAC is chemical, as well as biological, in the case of bacterial adhesion to stainless steel surfaces. The initial adhesion of bacteria is dependent on the wettability of the substratum. NAC was shown to bind to stainless steel, increasing the wettability of the surface. Moreover, NAC decreased bacterial adhesion and even detached bacteria that were adhering to stainless steel surfaces. Growth of various bacteria, as monocultures or in a multispecies community, was inhibited at different concentrations of NAC. We also found that there was no detectable degradation of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) by NAC, indicating that NAC reduced the production of EPS, in most bacteria tested, even at concentrations at which growth was not affected. Altogether, the presence of NAC changes the texture of the biofilm formed and makes NAC an interesting candidate for use as a general inhibitor of formation of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel surfaces.

scholarly journals Disrupting Irreversible Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation with an Engineered Enzyme

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly M. Mayton ◽  
Sharon L. Walker ◽  
Bryan W. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
The Impact

Biofilm formation is often attributed to post-harvest bacteria persistence on fresh produce and food handling surfaces. In this study, a predicted glycosyl hydrolase enzyme was expressed, purified and validated for removal of microbial biofilms from biotic and abiotic surfaces under conditions used for chemical cleaning agents. Crystal violet biofilm staining assays revealed that 0.1 mg/mL of enzyme inhibited up to 41% of biofilm formation by E. coli O157:H7, E. coli 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. Further, the enzyme was effective at removing mature biofilms, providing a 35% improvement over rinsing with a saline solution alone. Additionally, a parallel-plate flow cell was used to directly observe and quantify the impact of enzyme rinses on E. coli O157:H7 cells adhered to spinach leaf surfaces. The presence of 1 mg/L enzyme resulted in nearly 6 times greater detachment rate coefficients than a DI water rinse, while the total cells removed from the surface increased from 10% to 25% over the 30 minute rinse time, reversing the initial phases of biofilm formation. Enzyme treatment of all 4 cell types resulted in significantly reduced cell surface hydrophobicity, and collapse of negatively stained E. coli 25922 cells imaged by electron microscopy, suggesting potential polysaccharide surface modification of enzyme-treated bacteria. Collectively, these results point to the broad substrate specificity and robustness of the enzyme to different types of biofilm stages, solution conditions and pathogen biofilm types, and may be useful as a method for removal or inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE In this study, the ability of an engineered enzyme to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of several foodborne pathogens was demonstrated, representing a promising option for enhancing or replacing chlorine and other chemical sanitizers in food processing applications. Specifically, significant reductions of the pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms are observed, as well as reduction in initial adhesion. Enzymes have the added benefits of being green, sustainable alternatives to chemical sanitizers, as well as having minimal impact on food properties, in contrast with many alternative antimicrobial options such as bleach that aim to minimize food safety risks.

scholarly journals Adhesion and biofilm inhibiting properties of Chinese Herbal Formula SanHuang decoction against antibiotic resistant staphylococcal strains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoe Zhang ◽  
Peizhao Wang ◽  
Xiaotao Shi ◽  
Honglue Tan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chinese Herbal

Abstract Clinical study has shown that external socking and washing with the Chinese herbal SanHuang decoction (SH) can control the orthopedic-biofilm related infections. However, the antibiofilm activities of SH in vitro have not been investigated. The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of SH on adhesion and biofilm formation of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci on titanium surface, and to explore its probable mechanistic effects on staphylococcal strains. Biofilm-forming ATCC 35984 (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, MRSE) and ATCC 43300 (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) strains were used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SH and vancomycin against planktonic bacterial strains were determined by the broth microdilution method. Different sub-MIC of SH with TSB (Tryptic soy broth) were used as the basis for experimental grouping (SH group). TSB culture medium alone (TSB group) or TSB containing vancomycin (vancomycin group) incubated with bacteria were considered as the negative or positive control group, respectively. The inhibitory effect of different treatment on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were observed by the spread plate method, CV (crystal violet) staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Real time PCR analysis was performed to determine the effect of SH on the expression levels of ica AD and ica R gene in ATCC 35984 during the biofilm formation. The strains were found to be susceptible to SH decoction with MIC and MBC values of 38.75 mg/ml and 77.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC values for vancomycin was 2.5 μg/ml. SH treatment with 1 MIC and 1/2 MIC could inhibit the bacteria adhesion on the titanium surface, showing only scattered bacterial adhesion from SEM. CLSM showed that SH with 1 MIC and 1/2 MIC could also inhibit the bacterial biofilm formation. The quantitative results of the spread plate method and CV staining showed that there was significant differences between the SH groups (P < 0.05). Further, with an increase in SH concentration, the inhibitory effect became more obvious at different culture time points, when compared with TSB control group (P < 0.05). Among the groups, vancomycin had the strongest inhibitory effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, with an increase in SH concentration, the expression levels of ica A and ica D decreased, and the expression of ica R increased correspondingly (P < 0.05). In conclusions, a certain concentration of SH can inhibit the adhesion and biofilm formation of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcal strains on the titanium surface, but the effect was not as good as vancomycin. Its probable mechanistic activity may be through the inhibition of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin synthesis by down-regulating the expression of ica AD gene, thus inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation.

Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine against Multi-Species Biofilm Formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Ana Lucia do Amaral Escada ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge ◽  
Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Selective Agar ◽  
Microbial Suspension ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present work, the efficacy of the Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube and Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube with chlorhexidine against bacterial biofilm formation was evaluated. Nanotubes were processed using anodization in 0.25% NH4F electrolyte solution. Biofilms were cultured in discs immersed in sterile brain heart infusion broth (BHI) containing 5% sucrose, inoculated with microbial suspension (106 cells/ml) and incubated for 5 days. Next, the discs were placed in tubes with sterile physiological solution 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) and sonicated to disperse the biofilms. Tenfold serial dilutions were carried and aliquots seeded in selective agar, which were then incubated for 48 h. Then, the numbers CFU/ml (log 10) were counted and analyzed statistically. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on discs with biofilms groups and contact angle was carried out. The results show that there is no difference in bacterial adhesion between of the Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube and Ti–7.5Mo alloy nanotube with chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Efficacy of UV Treatment in the Management of Bacterial Adhesion on Hard Surfaces

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KOLAPPAN ◽  
S. SATHEESH
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Adhesion Ability ◽  
Biofilm Development

The efficacy of UV treatment to control bacterial adhesion onto hard surfaces was investigated in laboratory conditions. The major characteristics necessary for biofilm formation like extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, carbohydrate and protein concentration in EPS, and adhesion ability onto hard surface were studied using two bacterial strains isolated from marine biofilms. The results showed that there was a considerable difference between the control and UV treated bacterial cultures in their viability, production of EPS, and adhesion ability. The protein and carbohydrate concentration of the EPS and the adhesion of bacterial cells to surface were also considerably reduced due to UV treatment. This study indicates that treatment of water with UV light may be used to control biofilm development on hard surfaces.

Bacterial biofilm behavior in water-supply lines of dental units

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 882-883
Author(s):  
B.D. Tall ◽  
K.S. George ◽  
R. T. Gray ◽  
H.N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm

Studies of bacterial behavior in many environments have shown that most organisms attach to surfaces, forming communities of microcolonies called biofilms. In contaminated medical devices, biofilms may serve both as reservoirs and as inocula for the initiation of infections. Recently, there has been much concern about the potential of dental units to transmit infections. Because the mechanisms of biofilm formation are ill-defined, we investigated the behavior and formation of a biofilm associated with tubing leading to the water syringe of a dental unit over a period of 1 month.

Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2807-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Su Jang ◽  
Tímea Mosolygó
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

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