scholarly journals Annealing Response of a Cold-Rolled Binary Al–10Mg Alloy

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Feng ◽  
Li ◽  
Huang ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of a cold-rolled Al–10Mg alloy has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and tensile testing. The results showed that supersaturated Mg precipitated along grain boundaries and deformation bands during annealing treatment and precipitation size and the concentration of solid solution Mg atoms increased with the rising of annealing temperature. When annealed at low temperature, accumulation and annihilation of dislocations were the primary way of recovery; as temperature increased to 300 °C, recrystallized grains were formed around the large size β phase through particle-stimulated nucleation. A high ultimate strength (550 MPa) and a middle ductility (14%) were obtained when the Al–10Mg alloy was annealed at 200 °C for 1 h. The abnormal decrease of elongation when the Al–10Mg alloy was annealed at 250–300 °C was due to the formation of a continuous network distribution of large size β phase particles along grain boundaries.

The Influence of Pre-Annealing on Recrystallization in Heavily Cold-Rolled Nickel

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Cheng ◽  
Andrew Godfrey ◽  
Yu Bin Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
Final Annealing ◽  
Cube Orientation ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Polycrystalline nickel (99.999% purity) cold-rolled to a reduction of 96% has been given a two-step annealing treatment consisting of a pre-annealing at 180 °C or 220 °C for 2 hours, followed by a final annealing at 300 °C for 10 minutes. The changes in microstructure and texture during annealing have been followed using electron backscatter diffraction orientation measurements taken on the longitudinal section of the samples. The results suggest that pre-annealing at low temperature can enhance the formation recrystallized grains of cube orientation. Based on an analysis of the experimental data, possible reasons for the enhancement as a result of pre-annealing in the formation of cube orientation grains are discussed.

Preferred Orientation, Grain Sizes and Grain Boundaries of Chalcopyrite-Type Thin Films

2007 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abou-Ras ◽  
Melanie Nichterwitz ◽  
Christian A. Kaufmann ◽  
Susan Schorr ◽  
Hans-Werner Schock
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Grain Orientations ◽  
Grain Size Distributions ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

AbstractChalcopyrite-type thin films - CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaSe2, and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 - in various completed solar cells were studied in cross-section by means of electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Valuable information on grain sizes, local grain orientations, film textures, and grain boundaries were extracted from the EBSD linescans and maps. The grain-size distributions from the chalcopyrite-type thin films can be represented well by lognormal distribution functions. The EBSD measurements on CuGaSe2 thin film reveal a <110> fiber texture, in good agreement with x-ray diffraction texture analysis performed on the same sample. The EBSD maps from all samples studied exhibit considerable twinning in the chalcopyrite-type thin films. Indeed, the most frequent types of grain boundaries in these thin films are (near) Σ3 60°-<221> and 71°-<110> twins. It is shown that rotational 180°-<221> twins (which are symmetrically equivalent to 71°-<110>) are more frequently found than anion- or cation-terminated 60°-<221> twin boundaries.

Formation of the {111} and {111} Recrystallization Texture in Deep Drawing Low Carbon Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 687-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Li Meng
Keyword(s):  
Recrystallization Texture ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The formation of 111-112 and 111-110 recrystallization textures during annealing of cold rolled low carbon steels at low heating rate was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The orientation characteristics during recrystallization of this steel were determined, results show that there is a strong competition between the 111-112 component and the 111-110 component along the γ-fiber. The former was developed from the deformed matrix with the same orientation by means of subgrain coalescence at early stage of recrystallization, while the latter nucleated at the grain boundary areas of deformed grains with 111-112 or 112-110 orientations by means of preferred nucleation and evolved into stable recrystallization texture at later stage of recrystallization.

Microstructure and Texture Development in Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr Alloy during Cold Rolling and Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Ghaderi ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Matthew R. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Phase Sample

This study focuses on the microstructure and texture evolution of a Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy during cold rolling and annealing treatments. Three samples with different initial microstructures were cold rolled to a 40% reduction in thickness. The starting microstructure of one sample was single β phase while two other specimens were α+β phases with different α particle sizes, distributed in β grains. For all three samples, the average size of primary β grains was 150 µm. The cold rolled specimens were then annealed at 860 °C (10 °C above the β transus temperature) for 5 minutes followed by water quenching. Microstructure development during cold rolling and recrystallization was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Microstructure investigations showed that massive amount of shear bands occurred during the cold rolling of the single β phase sample while only a few shear bands were observed in the α+β cold rolled microstructures. The cold rolled texture of the sample comprised of a single β phase contains a gamma fibre (//ND) and a partial alpha fibre (//RD). Annealing treatment decreased the intensity of the cold rolled texture in the single β phase sample. Also, it was found that the presence of α precipitates changes the common annealing texture observed in the single β phase specimen.

scholarly journals Effect of annealing temperature and time on recrystallization behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Han ◽  
Leichen Jia ◽  
Zhimin Zhang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jianmin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Zr Alloy

Abstract In this paper, the effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure and hardness of extruded Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy (wt. %) was discussed. The microstructure evolution of the alloy under different annealing conditions was studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the variation of hardness was analyzed. With the increase of annealing temperature, the large deformed grains first break into small recrystallized grains. When the temperature continues to increase, the recrystallized grains grow abnormally with the precipitation of chain phase and the fragmentation of lamellar long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase. The alloy does not recrystallize at low temperature, and the recrystallized grains grow abnormally at high temperature. The increase of annealing time will also lead to abnormal growth of recrystallized grains. The texture gradually diffuses from the classical extrusion texture to the extrusion direction (ED). The results show that under the condition of 430 °C × 5h, the recrystallization volume of the alloy is the largest, the recrystallization grain distribution is uniform, and the hardness value is the highest.

Effect of Trench Aspect Ratio on Microstructure and Texture in Damascene Cu Interconnects

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2605-2610
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
G.J. Yuan ◽  
J.G. Xu ◽  
F. Guo ◽  
N. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Coincidence Site Lattice ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cu Interconnects ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

The effect of trench aspect ratio and line spacing on microstructure and texture in annealed damascene Cu interconnects has been investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses of Cu lines, showed a preferred {111} orientation and the trenches reduce the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries and increase the fraction of coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries, comparing with the Cu blanket film. In addition, both trench aspect ratio and line spacing can largely affect the microstructure and texture in annealed damascene Cu interconnects.

scholarly journals Persistent Homology on Electron Backscatter Diffraction Data in Nano/ultrafine-grained Metallic Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Na ◽  
Nasrin Farzana ◽  
Wang Yong ◽  
Wu Huibin ◽  
Keffer David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Persistent Homology ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Ultrafine Grained ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nano/ultrafine-grained stainless steel was produced by severe cold deformation followed by annealing. The effect of annealing temperature on additional structural parameters, including the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) and the kernel average misorientation (KAM), are revealed through electron backscatter diffraction. HAGB and KAM values provide a mechanistic understanding of the impact of structure on mechanical properties, including hardness, strength, and ductility. In this study, a novel application of persistent homology (PH) was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the information describing the complex processing-structure-property relationship. PH emphasizes the relationship between processing (annealing temperature), structure (distribution of the Schmid factor) and property (strength). Specifically, the PH formalism translates multidimensional data sets into clusters, distinguished by common PH features. In this analysis, two clusters emerge. First, at low annealing temperature, incomplete reversion of austenite results in materials with a greater fraction of grain boundaries, resulting in high strength and low ductility. Second, at high annealing temperature, fully reversed austenite results in lower, though still acceptable strength and superior ductility. The PH approach is applicable for identifying salient features in complex processing-structure-property relationships and is amenable to analysis of large data sets based on machine learning.

scholarly journals Stable and Metastable Phase Equilibria Involving the Cu6Sn5 Intermetallic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leineweber ◽  
M. Löffler ◽  
S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ordered Phases ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Cu6Sn5 intermetallic occurs in the form of differently ordered phases η, η′ and η′′. In solder joints, this intermetallic can undergo changes in composition and the state of order without or while interacting with excess Cu and excess Sn in the system, potentially giving rise to detrimental changes in the mechanical properties of the solder. In order to study such processes in fundamental detail and to get more detailed information about the metastable and stable phase equilibria, model alloys consisting of Cu3Sn + Cu6Sn5 as well as Cu6Sn5 + Sn-rich melt were heat treated. Powder x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy supplemented by electron backscatter diffraction were used to investigate the structural and microstructural changes. It was shown that Sn-poor η can increase its Sn content by Cu3Sn precipitation at grain boundaries or by uptake of Sn from the Sn-rich melt. From the kinetics of the former process at 513 K and the grain size of the η phase, we obtained an interdiffusion coefficient in η of (3 ± 1) × 10−16 m2 s−1. Comparison of this value with literature data implies that this value reflects pure volume (inter)diffusion, while Cu6Sn5 growth at low temperature is typically strongly influenced by grain-boundary diffusion. These investigations also confirm that η′′ forming below a composition-dependent transus temperature gradually enriches in Sn content, confirming that Sn-poor η′′ is metastable against decomposition into Cu3Sn and more Sn-rich η or (at lower temperatures) η′. Graphic Abstract

Mitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, a new mineral from the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor V. Subbotin ◽  
Anna Vymazalová ◽  
František Laufek ◽  
Yevgeny E. Savchenko ◽  
Chris J. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Identity ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

AbstractMitrofanovite, Pt3Te4, is a new telluride discovered in low-sulfide disseminated ore in the East Chuarvy deposit, Fedorovo–Pana intrusion, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It forms anhedral grains (up to ~20 μm × 50 μm) commonly in intergrowths with moncheite in aggregates with lukkulaisvaaraite, kotulskite, vysotskite, braggite, keithconnite, rustenburgite and Pt–Fe alloys hosted by a chalcopyrite–pentlandite–pyrrhotite matrix. Associated silicates are: orthopyroxene, augite, olivine, amphiboles and plagioclase. Mitrofanovite is brittle; it has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Mitrofanovite has a good cleavage, along {001}. In plane-polarised light, mitrofanovite is bright white with medium to strong bireflectance, slight pleochroism, and strong anisotropy on non-basal sections with greyish brown rotation tints; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values for the synthetic analogue of mitrofanovite in air (Ro, Re’ in %) are: 58.4, 54.6 at 470 nm; 62.7, 58.0 at 546 nm; 63.4, 59.1 at 589 nm; and 63.6, 59.5 at 650 nm. Fifteen electron-microprobe analyses of mitrofanovite gave an average composition: Pt 52.08, Pd 0.19, Te 47.08 and Bi 0.91, total 100.27 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Pt2.91Pd0.02)Σ2.93(Te4.02Bi0.05)Σ4.07 based on 7 atoms; the average of eleven analyses on synthetic analogue is: Pt 52.57 and Te 47.45, total 100.02 wt.%, corresponding to Pt2.94Te4.06. The density, calculated on the basis of the formula, is 11.18 g/cm3. The mineral is trigonal, space group R$\overline 3 $m, with a = 3.9874(1), c = 35.361(1) Å, V = 486.91(2) Å3 and Z = 3. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Pt3Te4. Mitrofanovite is structurally and chemically related to moncheite (PtTe2). The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of synthetic mitrofanovite [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 11.790(23)(003), 5.891(100)(006), 2.851(26)(107), 2.137(16)(1013), 2.039(18)(0114), 1.574(24)(0120), 1.3098(21)(0027). The structural identity of natural mitrofanovite with synthetic Pt3Te4 was confirmed by electron backscatter diffraction measurements on the natural sample. The mineral name is chosen to honour Felix P. Mitrofanov, a Russian geologist who was among the first to discover platinum-group element mineralisation in the Fedorova–Pana complex.

scholarly journals Effect of strain rate on α-lath thickness of TC17 alloy after deformation and subsequent heat treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 13003
Author(s):  
Zimin Lu ◽  
Jiao Luo ◽  
Miaoquan Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Subsequent Heat Treatment ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Optical Micrograph ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Electron Backscatter ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

Effect of strain rate on α-lath thickness of TC17 alloy with a basketweave microstructure was studied in the present work. For this purpose, this alloy was deformed in the β phase region and subsequently soluted and aged in α+β phase region. Moreover, optical micrograph (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were applied to analyze the change of lath thickness at different strain rates. The result showed that α-lath thickness increased with increasing strain rate. This phenomenon was possibly attributed to the higher degree of variant selection (DVS) at higher strain rate (0.1 s-1). The higher DVS was beneficial for the formation of parallel α-lath colonies during cooling after deformation. And, these parallel α-lath colonies would more easily grow up and coarsen during subsequent heat treatment. Therefore, α-lath at higher strain rate is more thick.

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