scholarly journals Power Spinning of the Curved Head with Tailor Welded Aluminum Alloy Blank: Deformation, Microstructure, and Property

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Fei Ma ◽  
Pengfei Gao ◽  
Pengyu Ma ◽  
Mei Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Material Property ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Inhomogeneous Material ◽  
Loading Path ◽  
Power Spinning

The power spinning of tailor-welded blank (TWB) provides a feasible way to form the large-scale curved heads of aluminum alloy. However, the inhomogeneous material property of TWB produces different and more complex spinning behaviors compared with the traditional spinning of an integral homogenous blank. In this research, the deformation characteristics, microstructure, and the properties of the power spun curved head with aluminum alloy TWB were studied. A finite element model considering the inhomogeneous material property of welded blank is developed for the analysis of the power spinning process. To conduct accurate and efficient simulation, an effective meshing method is proposed according to the feature of TWB. The simulation and experimental results show that the weld zone (WZ) presents the larger equivalent stress but smaller equivalent strain than base material zone (BMZ) in power spinning due to its larger deformation resistance. Under the combined effects of the spiral local loading path and inhomogeneous deformability of TWB, the equivalent strain near the weld zone has an asymmetric V-shaped distribution. Strain inhomogeneity gradually increases with deformation and leads to an increase of the flange swing degree. In addition, the circumferential thickness distribution is relatively uniform, which is little affected by the existence of the weld line. However, the circumferential unfitability distribution becomes non-uniform and the roundness is worsened due to the existence of the weld line. Compared to the initial blank, the microstructure in WZ and BMZ are both elongated after spinning. The tensile strength is improved but plasticity reduced after power spinning based on the circumferential and radial tests of WZ and BMZ. The results are of theoretical and technical guidance for the power spinning of the curved head component with TWB.

Nonuniformity of Mechanical Property in the Weld Zone of Friction Stir Welded 7050 Aluminum Alloy Joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3560-3563
Author(s):  
Yu Wen Tian ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Wen Ya Li ◽  
Zhong Bin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Weld Nugget ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Nugget Zone ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
7050 Aluminum Alloy

The distribution of mechanical property in the weld zone of friction stir welded 7050 aluminum alloy joint along the plane perpendicular to the welding direction was experimentally investigated by the non-contact measurement method. The results show that the elastic modulus presents a W-shape distribution across the weld zone. The elastic modulus in the weld nugget zone is increased due to the grain refinement. In addition, the elastic modulus in the advancing side is slightly less than that in the retreating side possibly because of the relatively higher temperature in the advancing side during the welding process. The strength in the vicinity of weld center is decreased while the ductility is enhanced. The tensile strength and yield strength in the weld nugget zone and thermo-mechanically affected zone are significantly decreased while the elongation is increased due to the change of strengthening mechanism. In the heat affected zone the strength is decreased compared to the base material because the second phase grows up.

scholarly journals A Study to Derive Equivalent Mechanical Properties of Porous Materials with Orthotropic Elasticity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5132
Author(s):  
Changmin Pyo ◽  
Younghyun Kim ◽  
Jaewoong Kim ◽  
Sungwook Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Orthotropic Elasticity ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Equivalent Property

The need for diverse materials has emerged as industry becomes more developed, and there is a need for materials with pores in various industries, including the energy storage field. However, there is difficulty in product design and development using the finite element method because the mechanical properties of a porous material are different from those of a base material due to the pores. Therefore, in this study, a Python program that can estimate the equivalent property of a material with pores was developed and its matching was verified through comparison with the measurement results. For high-efficiency calculation, the pores were assumed to be circular or elliptical, and they were also assumed to be equally distributed in each direction. The material with pores was assumed to be an orthotropic material, and its equivalent mechanical properties were calculated using the equivalent strain and equivalent stress by using the appropriate material property matrix. The material properties of a specimen with the simulated pores were measured using UTM, and the results were compared with the simulation results to confirm that the degree of matching achieved 6.4%. It is expected that this study will contribute to the design and development of a product in the industrial field.

Microstructure Characteristics and Properties of 1561 Aluminum Alloy Weldments Processed by Different MIG Welding

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Shan Guo Han ◽  
Shi Da Zheng ◽  
De Tao Cai ◽  
Yao Yong Yi ◽  
Zi Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Mig Welding ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

The mechanical properties and microstructural features of 1561 aluminum alloy weldments processed by single-wire MIG welding and CMT TWIN welding are investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were studied by nondestructive testing, metallurgical test, scanning electron microscopy test, fatigue and tensile test. It is revealed that the welding efficiency of CMT TWIN welding is more than six times as much as single-wire MIG welding. It can be easy to find weld zone (WZ), fusion line (FL), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM) with different characteristics in the metallographic specimen. In weld zone, the particle phase sizes are smaller than that of base material, but the densities of particle phase are increased. The sample fatigue strength of CMT TWIN welding is higher than the singe-wire MIG welding. It is suggested that the CMT TWIN welding has several advantages compared with single-wire MIG welding.

Study on the Formability of Different Gauge Tailor Welded Blanks Based on Tensile Test

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Song Xue ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Ying Qiang He
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Material Property ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Tailor Welded Blanks ◽  
Strength Difference ◽  
Single Material

The formability of different gauge tailor welded blanks is difference to single material blanks. As an effective and practical material property test method, tensile test were applied to study it. Base material and tailor welded blanks test specimens had been designed for tensile testing. The results of tensile test indicated that the strength difference and weld line location in the TWBs plays an important role on the formability aspect.

Effect of Welding Speeds on Mechanical Properties of Level Compensation Friction Stir Welded 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Wen ◽  
Yumei Yue ◽  
Shude Ji ◽  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Shuangsheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Tool Rotational Speed ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Fracture Position ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Equal Thickness

AbstractIn order to eliminate the flash, arc corrugation and concave in weld zone, level compensation friction stir welding (LCFSW) was put forward and successfully applied to weld 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with varied welding speed at a constant tool rotational speed of 1,800 rpm in the present study. The glossy joint with equal thickness of base material can be attained, and the shoulder affected zone (SAZ) was obviously reduced. The results of transverse tensile test indicate that the tensile strength and elongation reach the maximum values of 248 MPa and 7.1% when the welding speed is 600 mm/min. The microhardness of weld nugget (WN) is lower than that of base material. The tensile fracture position locates at the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the advancing side (AS), where the microhardness is the minimum. The fracture surface morphology represents the typical ductile fracture.

Improvement in Fatigue Strength of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy Plates by Laser Peening

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Sano ◽  
Kiyotaka Masaki ◽  
Keiichi Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Laser Peening ◽  
Friction Stir

Plane bending fatigue testing was performed to study the fatigue properties of friction stir welded (FSW) 3 mm thick AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy plates. Fatigue cracks propagated with bends and curves on the specimens, showing large deviation from a linear line. This might be reflecting the material flow and microstructure in the weld zone. The fatigue strength of the unwelded base material (BM) was 110 MPa at 107 cycles and FSW deteriorated it to 90 MPa. However, laser peening (LP) restored the degraded fatigue strength up to 120 MPa which is higher than that of the BM.

Investigation on the Corrosion Effect of Friction Stir Welded AA2024 T3 Aluminum Alloy Joints

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu E Ma ◽  
Zhen Qiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Aircraft Structure ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Before friction stir welded integral panels are used in main aircraft structure, the corrosion behavior of welded joint need to be studied in detail. 2024 T3 samples were designed and welded by friction stir welding; the microstructure crossing the weld zone was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the feature of different zones (base material, thermo-mechanical affected zone, nugget) was seen; the corrosion testing in NaCl smoking box was carried out, and microstructure was observed after corrosion, localized corrosion predominantly occurs in the thermo-mechanical affected zone.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding of Thick High-Mn Steel Plate for Cryogenic Tank Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Du-Song Kim ◽  
Hee-Keun Lee ◽  
Woo-Jae Seong ◽  
Kwang-Hyeon Lee ◽  
Hee-Seon Bang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Hybrid Welding ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Mn Steel

The International Maritime Organization has recently updated the ship emission standards to reduce atmospheric contamination. One technique for reducing emissions involves using liquefied natural gas (LNG). The tanks used for the transport and storage of LNG must have very low thermal expansion and high cryogenic toughness. For excellent cryogenic properties, high-Mn steel with a complete austenitic structure is used to design these tanks. We aim to determine the optimum welding conditions for performing Laser-MIG (Metal Inert Gas) hybrid welding through the MIG leading and laser following processes. A welding speed of 100 cm/min was used for welding a 15 mm thick high-Mn steel plate. The welding performance was evaluated through mechanical property tests (tensile and yield strength, low-temperature impact, hardness) of the welded joints after performing the experiment. As a result, it was confirmed that the tensile strength was slightly less than 818.4 MPa, and the yield strength was 30% higher than base material. The low-temperature impact values were equal to or greater than 58 J at all locations in the weld zone. The hardness test confirmed that the hardness did not exceed 292 HV. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to use laser-MIG hybrid welding on thick high-Mn steel plates.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Friction Stir Welded SiC and B4C Reinforced Aluminium Alloy AA6061 Metal Matrix Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Kaveripakkam Suban Ashraff Ali ◽  
Vinayagam Mohanavel ◽  
Subbiah Arungalai Vendan ◽  
Manickam Ravichandran ◽  
Anshul Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

This study focuses on the properties and process parameters dictating behavioural aspects of friction stir welded Aluminium Alloy AA6061 metal matrix composites reinforced with varying percentages of SiC and B4C. The joint properties in terms of mechanical strength, microstructural integrity and quality were examined. The weld reveals grain refinement and uniform distribution of reinforced particles in the joint region leading to improved strength compared to other joints of varying base material compositions. The tensile properties of the friction stir welded Al-MMCs improved after reinforcement with SiC and B4C. The maximum ultimate tensile stress was around 172.8 ± 1.9 MPa for composite with 10% SiC and 3% B4C reinforcement. The percentage elongation decreased as the percentage of SiC decreases and B4C increases. The hardness of the Al-MMCs improved considerably by adding reinforcement and subsequent thermal action during the FSW process, indicating an optimal increase as it eliminates brittleness. It was seen that higher SiC content contributes to higher strength, improved wear properties and hardness. The wear rate was as high as 12 ± 0.9 g/s for 10% SiC reinforcement and 30 N load. The wear rate reduced for lower values of load and increased with B4C reinforcement. The microstructural examination at the joints reveals the flow of plasticized metal from advancing to the retreating side. The formation of onion rings in the weld zone was due to the cylindrical FSW rotating tool material impression during the stirring action. Alterations in chemical properties are negligible, thereby retaining the original characteristics of the materials post welding. No major cracks or pores were observed during the non-destructive testing process that established good quality of the weld. The results are indicated improvement in mechanical and microstructural properties of the weld.

Research on NX-Based Progressive Die Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1818-1821
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Cong Dong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Equivalent Stress ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Die Design ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Progressive Die ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Progressive Die Design

Progressive die has been widely used in product manufacturing field. This paper proposed a NX-based computer server support design method. The equivalent stress, resilience, equivalent strain, attenuation, and forming were analyzed in detail. The key technology of confirming blank dimension and stock layout of server support were explicated clearly.

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