scholarly journals Oxygen Generation Using Catalytic Nano/Micromotors

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Sumayyah Naeem ◽  
Farah Naeem ◽  
Jawayria Mujtaba ◽  
Ashish Kumar Shukla ◽  
Shirsendu Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Generation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Mobile Oxygen ◽  
Selection Of

Gaseous oxygen plays a vital role in driving the metabolism of living organisms and has multiple agricultural, medical, and technological applications. Different methods have been discovered to produce oxygen, including plants, oxygen concentrators and catalytic reactions. However, many such approaches are relatively expensive, involve challenges, complexities in post-production processes or generate undesired reaction products. Catalytic oxygen generation using hydrogen peroxide is one of the simplest and cleanest methods to produce oxygen in the required quantities. Chemically powered micro/nanomotors, capable of self-propulsion in liquid media, offer convenient and economic platforms for on-the-fly generation of gaseous oxygen on demand. Micromotors have opened up opportunities for controlled oxygen generation and transport under complex conditions, critical medical diagnostics and therapy. Mobile oxygen micro-carriers help better understand the energy transduction efficiencies of micro/nanoscopic active matter by careful selection of catalytic materials, fuel compositions and concentrations, catalyst surface curvatures and catalytic particle size, which opens avenues for controllable oxygen release on the level of a single catalytic microreactor. This review discusses various micro/nanomotor systems capable of functioning as mobile oxygen generators while highlighting their features, efficiencies and application potentials in different fields.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

Feature selection of the armature winding broken coils in synchronous motor using genetic algorithm and mahalanobis distance

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Głowacz ◽  
J. Kozik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Motor Current ◽  
Feature Spaces ◽  
Multidimensional Feature Spaces ◽  
Selection Of

The paper describes a procedure for automatic selection of symptoms accompanying the break in the synchronous motor armature winding coils. This procedure, called the feature selection, leads to choosing from a full set of features describing the problem, such a subset that would allow the best distinguishing between healthy and damaged states. As the features the spectra components amplitudes of the motor current signals were used. The full spectra of current signals are considered as the multidimensional feature spaces and their subspaces are tested. Particular subspaces are chosen with the aid of genetic algorithm and their goodness is tested using Mahalanobis distance measure. The algorithm searches for such a subspaces for which this distance is the greatest. The algorithm is very efficient and, as it was confirmed by research, leads to good results. The proposed technique is successfully applied in many other fields of science and technology, including medical diagnostics.

scholarly journals Polyamine Action under Metal/Metalloid Stress: Regulation of Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Molecular Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Haifa Abdulaziz S. Alhaithloul ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
M.H.M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Enzymatic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
Living Organisms

Polyamines (PAs) are found in all living organisms and serve many vital physiological processes. In plants, PAs are ubiquitous in plant growth, physiology, reproduction, and yield. In the last decades, PAs have been studied widely for exploring their function in conferring abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and metal/metalloid toxicity) tolerance. The role of PAs in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanism and subsequent oxidative stress tolerance in plants is well-evident. However, the enzymatic regulation in PAs biosynthesis and metabolism is still under research and widely variable under various stresses and plant types. Recently, exogenous use of PAs, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, was found to play a vital role in enhancing stress tolerance traits in plants. Polyamines also interact with other molecules like phytohormones, nitric oxides, trace elements, and other signaling molecules to providing coordinating actions towards stress tolerance. Due to the rapid industrialization metal/metalloid(s) contamination in the soil and subsequent uptake and toxicity in plants causes the most significant yield loss in cultivated plants, which also hamper food security. Finding the ways in enhancing tolerance and remediation mechanism is one of the critical tasks for plant biologists. In this review, we will focus the recent update on the roles of PAs in conferring metal/metalloid(s) tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Repair of DNA Alkylation Damage by theEscherichia coliAdaptive Response Protein AlkB as Studied by ESI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyu Li ◽  
James C. Delaney ◽  
Charlotte M. Page ◽  
Alvin S. Chen ◽  
Cintyu Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Dna Alkylation ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Alkylation Damage ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

DNA alkylation can cause mutations, epigenetic changes, and even cell death. All living organisms have evolved enzymatic and non-enzymatic strategies for repairing such alkylation damage. AlkB, one of theEscherichia coliadaptive response proteins, uses an α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent mechanism that, by chemical oxidation, removes a variety of alkyl lesions from DNA, thus affording protection of the genome against alkylation. In an effort to understand the range of acceptable substrates for AlkB, the enzyme was incubated with chemically synthesized oligonucleotides containing alkyl lesions, and the reaction products were analyzed by electrospray ionization time-of-flight (ESI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Consistent with the literature, but studied comparatively here for the first time, it was found that 1-methyladenine, 1,N6-ethenoadenine, 3-methylcytosine, and 3-ethylcytosine were completely transformed by AlkB, while 1-methylguanine and 3-methylthymine were partially repaired. The repair intermediates (epoxide and possibly glycol) of 3,N4-ethenocytosine are reported for the first time. It is also demonstrated thatO6-methylguanine and 5-methylcytosine are refractory to AlkB, lending support to the hypothesis that AlkB repairs only alkyl lesions attached to the nitrogen atoms of the nucleobase. ESI-TOF mass spectrometry is shown to be a sensitive and efficient tool for probing the comparative substrate specificities of DNA repair proteinsin vitro.

FPF: Fraud Proof Framework for Electronic Voting System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Innocent Kabandana ◽  
A.N. Nanda Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Electronic Voting System ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Selection Of

In a democratic process voting plays a vital role in selection of policy as well as candidates. Voting though gives the freedom to voter to cast his opinion it is not free fraudulent. In order to have secure voting and convey the opinion of authorized voter in this paper we have presented a java based framework for fraud proof electronic voting system. In this framework we ensure that only the authorized voter is permitted to cast his vote and mitigate illegal voters cast votes on faking or pretending to be someone else. Proposed FPF provides a multi-level of authentication mechanism to validate the voter. The proposed system is tested for efficiency and robustness in comparing it with the existing system and is found to be efficient through comparative analysis. At present FPF is successful in mitigating the unauthorized voting further enhancement in the electronic voting system is being carried out as future work.

scholarly journals Impact of Washback on ESL Students’ Performance at Secondary Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arfan Lodhi ◽  
Irum Robab ◽  
Sumera Mukhtar ◽  
Hifza Farman ◽  
Sana Farrukh
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

This descriptive study explores the impact of washback on ESL students’ performance at secondary level. In this study, the term “washback” refers to the test effect on content of curriculum, learning English, teaching and the activities conducted in classroom. The factors other than the test itself may affect positive washback; lack of positive washback does not make test invalid whereas the negative washback effect occurs when there is lack of construct validity of test. Test design and validity plays vital role in achieving positive washback (Messick, 1996). The study aims to investigate the effects of positive washback and benefits in learning and teaching processes in ESL classrooms, while negative washback effects are destructive and can be a hindrance in achieving the goals in ESL classrooms. Recent research is descriptive in nature and survey based method was adopted for this study. 50 teachers were selected by using purposive sampling technique and 100 students were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Three tools were used for this study including: Questionnaire, Test and Observation checklist. The findings of the study exhibit that negative washback effect has its influence on tests, learning and teaching. The study concludes with a realization of the fact that language pedagogy is affected by washback. However, it is claimed by majority of the teachers that washback affects the selection of teaching methods because exams stress brings pressure and it becomes necessary for English teachers to develop linguistic competence in their students. For future researches it is recommended that other studies should be made in order to find out the impact of washback on the strategies adopted by learners while learning second language.

Distribution of the enzyme rhodanese in tissues of the cat (Felis catus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homayon Reza Shahbazkia ◽  
Mahmoud Aminlari ◽  
Maryam Tavana
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cyanide Detoxification ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Mucosal Layer ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Selection Of

The enzyme rhodanese (EC 2.8.1.1) is an ubiquitous enzyme which is present in all living organisms, from bacteria to man. It is speculated that this enzyme plays a central role in cyanide detoxification. However, its wide tissue distribution suggests this enzyme might perform other functions beside cyanide detoxification. Although the distribution of rhodanese in different tissues of human and domestic animals has been studied, little is known about the pattern of distribution and physiological roles of this enzyme in the cat. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the enzyme levels and compare the distribution of this enzyme in different tissues of the cat. A selection of tissue samples was assayed for rhodanese activity. The protein content of tissue extracts and enzymatic activities were calculated as units per gram tissue and units per milligram protein of the tissue. Results showed that in terms of units per milligram protein of the tissue (specific activity of the enzyme), colon and rectum mucosal layers and testis were the richest sources of the enzyme followed by ovary, mucosal layer of jejunum and liver. With respect to units/gram tissue, liver followed by testis, colon and rectum mucosal layers, ovary and mucosa of jejunum exhibited highest activities. The results of this study will allow one to speculate on the involvement of rhodanese in several biochemical and physiological functions in different tissues and organs of this species.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Blockchain in Education: Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (i) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Selection Of

This study focuses on blockchain as an emerging technology regarding its use to restructure the systems and advance education upon quality outcomes. What are the benefits of integrating blockchain in education concerning system reformation and advancement in developing better educational processes for all-encompassing learning outcomes? With the recent developments of blockchain applications across multiple domains, the education industry seems to be benefited from this technology to a considerable degree. Transcripts and certificates play a vital role in an individual’s life so it needs to be stored in a tamper-proof and long-term available ledger. In pursuant to addressing the aforestated question, this study brings information regarding what blockchain technology is, how it functions and what its uses are if it comes to integrating with education at different levels. This may include reviewing the conceptual/knowledge bases, research and development studies, and sources that introduce blockchain including its features but with a special highlight on how it has been integrated into the education sector especially in an innovative situations. To this end, this study was designed to provide a systematic review of all the literature focused on decentralized ledger technology. Multiple sources were reviewed following a systematic pattern that allows selection of relevant sources, sorting out information being guided by the research question, and making the final selection of required information that connects with what and how of Blockchain in education. Keywords: Blockchain, Education, Ledgers, Certificate, Decentralized technology

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aquatic Environments—Occurrence, Fate and Bioremediation Prospective

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Joana P. Fernandes ◽  
C. Marisa R. Almeida ◽  
Maria A. Salgado ◽  
Maria F. Carvalho ◽  
Ana P. Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism ◽  
Main Input ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of

Various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been detected in different ecosystems, posing a threat to living organisms and the environment. Pharmaceuticals are among the many CECs that enter the environment through different pathways, with wastewater treatment plants being the main input of these pollutants. Several technologies for the removal of these pollutants have been developed through the years, but there is still a lack of sustainable technologies suitable for being applied in natural environments. In this regard, solutions based on natural biological processes are attractive for the recovery of contaminated environments. Bioremediation is one of these natural-based solutions and takes advantage of the capacity of microorganisms to degrade different organic pollutants. Degradation of pollutants by native microorganisms is already known to be an important detoxification mechanism that is involved in natural attenuation processes that occur in the environment. Thus, bioremediation technologies based on the selection of natural degrading bacteria seem to be a promising clean-up technology suitable for application in natural environments. In this review, an overview of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals is carried out, in which bioremediation tools are explored for the removal of these pollutants from impacted environments.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of peat in biotechnology and for production products of its processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (93) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
O. O. Korytko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Absorption ◽  
Industrial Resource

The article summarizes information on the use of peat - a natural substrate in agro-industrial production, maintaining the cleanliness of the soil and maintaining the cleanliness of the environment. Intensive anthropological activity in modern conditions often leads to the deterioration of the ecological situation of the environment, disruption of the interaction between living organisms and the environment. Biological destruction of the ecological system inherent in a given area can occur under the influence of excessive use of agrochemicals, pesticides, microorganisms with altered characteristics due to interaction with infectious agents or parasites, as well as due to changes in the gene pool of living under the influence of genetic engineering. At the present stage in world development, importance is attached to the approximation of agricultural technologies to the natural conditions of operation. Cleaning the environment, preserving and increasing soil fertility, obtaining high-quality and environmentally friendly agricultural products is a vital but at the same time costly process, which involves significant economic costs. Therefore, there is a need to find cheap ways to solve this problem, replace expensive fertilizers with alternative means, the rational use of biological factors that increase the effectiveness of chemicals. For this purpose, biosubstrates, peat, natural fertilizers and preparations are widely used in world, especially organic agriculture, which are created by the method of selection of effective compositions of microorganism strains in order to activate regenerative processes in soils and ensure their potential. Peat is a natural raw material, an important agro-industrial resource with great potential, which has a multifaceted application. The most reactive part of peat is the population of microorganisms. With the participation of symbiotic microorganisms, the mineralization of peat components occurs, as a result of which nutrients become available to plants. The practice of using peat in agriculture shows its effectiveness as an organic fertilizer, peat-based composts increase soil fertility, agricultural productivity in general, improve environmental cleanliness. Peat has long been used in livestock facilities for bedding. Peat litter has advantages over straw litter due to its high absorption and moisture retention capacity, antibiotic properties. Waste litter is used for composting, as a valuable organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility. Peat is an important source of humic substances in the world, so it is used to produce humic preparations.

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