Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Individuals at Different T2D Stages Reveals a Complex Relationship with the Host

In this work, we studied 217 Mexican subjects divided into six groups with different stages of glucose intolerance: 76 Controls (CO), 54 prediabetes (PRE), 14 T2D no medication (T2D−No−M), 14 T2D with Metformin (T2D−M), 22 T2D with polypharmacy (T2D−P), and 37 T2D with polypharmacy and insulin (T2D−P+I). We aimed to determine differences in the gut microbiota diversity for each condition. At the phylum level, we found that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes outline major changes in the gut microbiota. The gut bacterial richness and diversity of individuals in the T2D−No−M group were lesser than other groups. Interestingly, we found a significant difference in the beta diversity of the gut microbiota among all groups. Higher abundance was found for Comamonadaceae in PRE, and Sutterella spp. in T2D−No−M. In addition, we found associations of specific microbial taxa with clinical parameters. Finally, we report predicted metabolic pathways of gut microbiota linked to T2D−M and PRE conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that each group has specific predicted metabolic characteristics and gut bacteria populations for each phenotype. The results of this study could be used to define strategies to modulate gut microbiota through noninvasive treatments, such as dietary intervention, probiotics or prebiotics, and to improve glucose tolerance of individuals with prediabetes or T2D.

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Selective estrogen receptor modulator lasofoxifene suppresses spondyloarthritis manifestation and affects characteristics of gut microbiota in zymosan-induced SKG mice

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91320-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyemin Jeong ◽

In Young Kim ◽

Eun-Kyung Bae ◽

Chan Hong Jeon ◽

Kwang-Sung Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Small Animal ◽

Joint Inflammation ◽

Fecal Calprotectin ◽

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Receptor Modulator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microbiota Diversity

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis is a male-predominant disease and previous study revealed that estrogens have an anti-inflammatory effect on the spondyloarthritis (SpA) manifestations in zymosan-induced SKG mice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) lasofoxifene (Laso) on disease activity of SpA. Mice were randomized into zymosan-treated, zymosan + 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated, and zymosan + Laso-treated groups. Arthritis was assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) small-animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to determine gut microbiota differences. Both zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice showed lower arthritis clinical scores and lower 18F-FDG uptake than zymosan-treated mice. BMD was significantly higher in zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice than zymosan-treated mice, respectively. Fecal calprotectin levels were significantly elevated at 8 weeks after zymosan injection in zymosan-treated mice, but it was not significantly changed in zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice. Gut microbiota diversity of zymosan-treated mice was significantly different from zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice, respectively. There was no significant difference in gut microbiota diversity between zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso -treated mice. Laso inhibited joint inflammation and enhanced BMD in SKG mice, a model of SpA. Laso also affected the composition and biodiversity of gut microbiota. This study provides new knowledge regarding that selected SpA patients could benefit from SERM treatment.

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Diversity in the intestinal microbiota and the influence of delivery, dietary profile and nutritional status

Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports ◽

10.52768/2766-7820/1325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Franciele Valduga ◽

◽

Malena Rostirola Miri ◽

Daniela Signori ◽

Larissa Pereira da Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

School Children ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Grape Juice ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional status and influence on the dietary profile in the gut microbiota, in an attempt to identify possible effects of grape juice consumption among school children aged 6-10. Design: Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, triceps, and subscapular skinfold) weremeasured at baseline. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was carried out to evaluate the dietary profile. Feces were analyzed by culture methods and the alpha diversity was determined by the Shannon Index. Participants: 36 volunteer school children aged 6 to 10 years from two different cities in the South of Brazil. Main outcome measure: Gut microbiota diversity according to anthropometric parameters, nutrition profile and delivery patterns. Analysis: For statistical analysis, t or u test and correlation were used through the statistical software SPSS® version 22.0. Results: The volunteers presented a eutrophic nutritional status, but 41.7% in the City 2 were overweight. There was a significant difference in the consumption of polyphenols (p<0.003), microbiotadiversity, breastfeeding, and delivery patterns by city. However, the dietary profile does not include the portions of daily nutrients recommended in both cities. The volunteers from City 1 presented a greater alpha diversity, which may be related to higher micronutrient intake, breastfeeding, and predominant natural/vaginal delivery Conclusion: We observed that the normal delivery and the dietary profile seems to be important factors to the gut microbiota diversity in these children. Keywords: grape juice; dietary profile; gut microbiota.

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The Studies to correlation between gut microbiota diversity and functional erectile dysfunction

10.21203/rs.3.rs-454949/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Geng ◽

Shaofeng Chen ◽

Yuan Sun ◽

Yu Zhao ◽

Zhong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

T Test ◽

Data Quality Control ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Miseq Platform ◽

Group 3 ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objective: To analyze the distribution of gut microbiota in the ED patients, and explore the relationship between the diversity of gut microbiota and psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Methods: 30 cases of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) and 30 healthy persons (healthy donor, HD) stool specimen were collected, using Illumina's Miseq platform samples V3-V4 region sequences bacterial 16SrRNA gene Paired end (PE) 300 sequencing, sequencing results were analyzed differences in species composition and diversity. Analysis contains five modules: sequencing data quality control, OTU species clustering and annotation, alpha diversity, beta diversity and the use of T-test and the analysis of the LEfSe differences. Results: 1. The flora diversity in the group of ED than HD significantly different (P<0.01), ED group has a low bacterial diversity. 2. Between ED group and HD group, abundant bacteria (TOPlO) and core flora (90%) had no significant difference in the genus level; all bacteria flora (>1%) display, Alloprevotella groups genus presents differences, Alloprevotella only be identified in the HD group. 3. ED and HD groups present in well separated PCoA analysis, having a significant difference in the two kinds of microflora. 4.T-test shows six species were significantly different, in the ED group, Streptococcus and Subdoligranulum were increasing, and Prevotella, Prevotella sp.9, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 groups and Roseburia were decreasing. 5.LEfSe analysis revealed 24 species were significantly different between ED and HD groups. Conclusion: Gene sequencing was performed on the two groups of specimens and finding that microbial community structure and diversity had significant difference, suggesting that ED have low gut microbiota diversity.

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Lactobacillus probiotics improved the gut microbiota profile of a Drosophila melanogaster Alzheimer’s disease model and alleviated neurodegeneration in the eye

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2019.0086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 79-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F.H.P. Tan ◽

G. Liu ◽

S.-Y.A. Lau ◽

M.H. Jaafar ◽

Y.-H. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Disease Model ◽

Brain Health ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive disease and one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence is supporting the use of various strategies that modulate gut microbiota to exert neurological and psychological changes. This includes the utilisation of probiotics as a natural and dietary intervention for brain health. Here, we showed the potential AD-reversal effects of Lactobacillus probiotics through feeding to our Drosophila melanogaster AD model. The administration of Lactobacillus strains was able to rescue the rough eye phenotype (REP) seen in AD-induced Drosophila, with a more prominent effect observed upon the administration of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 (DR7). Furthermore, we analysed the gut microbiota of the AD-induced Drosophila and found elevated levels of Wolbachia. The administration of DR7 restored the gut microbiota diversity of AD-induced Drosophila with a significant reduction in Wolbachia’s relative abundance, accompanied by an increase of Stenotrophomonas and Acetobacter. Through functional predictive analyses, Wolbachia was predicted to be positively correlated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, while Stenotrophomonas was negatively correlated with these neurodegenerative disorders. Altogether, our data exhibited DR7’s ability to ameliorate the AD effects in our AD-induced Drosophila. Thus, we propose that Wolbachia be used as a potential biomarker for AD.

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The Prebiotic Inulin Beneficially Alters the Gut Microbiome and Associated Metabolites in an APOE4 Mouse Model (P08-133-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-133-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucille Yanckello ◽

Jared Hoffman ◽

Ishita Parikh ◽

Jessie Hoffman ◽

Stefan Green ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Apoe4 Allele ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Tryptophan Metabolites ◽

Host Metabolism ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Objectives The APOE4 allele is a genetic risk factor for certain diseases, due in part to alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The gut microbiota is also known to impact metabolic and can be beneficially modulated by prebiotics. Prebiotics are fermented into metabolites by the gut microbiota. These metabolites act as gut-brain axis components. However, the interaction of the APOE4 allele, gut microbiota, and prebiotics are unknown. The goal of the study was to use prebiotic diet to restore the gut microbiome of mice with human APOE4 (E4FAD) genes. We hypothesized that the microbial compositions of E4 mice fed inulin, compared to control fed, will correlate to metabolites being produced by the microbiome that confer benefit to host metabolism. Methods At 3 months of age the E4FAD mice were fed for 4 months with either control or inulin diet. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine gut microbiota diversity and species variations; non-targeted UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analysis was used to determine metabolic profiles of blood. Results The inulin fed mice showed a more beneficial microbial taxa profile than those mice that were control fed. Control mice showed higher levels of dimethylglycine, choline, creatine and the polyamine spermine. Higher levels of spermine, specifically, correlate to higher levels of the Proteobacteria which has been implicated in GI disorders. E4 inulin fed mice showed higher levels of bile acids, short chain fatty acids and metabolites involved in energy, increased levels of tryptophan metabolites and robust increases in sphingomyelins. Specifically in E4 inulin fed mice we saw increases in certain genera of bacteria, all of which have been implicated in being beneficial to the composition of the microbiome and producing one or more of the above mentioned metabolites. Conclusions We believe the disparities of microbial metabolite production between E4 inulin fed mice and E4 control fed mice can be attributed to differences in certain taxa that produce these metabolites, and that higher levels of these taxa are due to the dietary intervention of inulin. Despite the APOE4 allele increasing one's risk for certain diseases, we believe that beneficially modulating the gut microbiota may be one way to enhance host metabolism and decrease disease risk over time. Funding Sources NIH/NIDDK T323048107792, NIH/NIA R01AG054459, NIEHS/NIH P42ES007380. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity during a Real-World Weight Loss Dietary Program: A Focus on the Bacteroides 2 Enterotype

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines10010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Rohia Alili ◽

Eugeni Belda ◽

Odile Fabre ◽

Véronique Pelloux ◽

Nils Giordano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Real World ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽

High Protein ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Restriction Diet

Background: Dietary intervention is a cornerstone of weight loss therapies. In obesity, a dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) is characterized by high levels of Bacteroides lineages and low diversity. We examined the GM composition changes, including the Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2), in a real-world weight loss study in subjects following a high-protein hypocaloric diet with or without a live microorganisms (LMP) supplement. Method: 263 volunteers were part of this real-world weight loss program. The first phase was a high-protein low-carbohydrate calorie restriction diet with or without LMP supplements. Fecal samples were obtained at baseline and after 10% weight loss for 163 subjects. Metagenomic profiling was obtained by shotgun sequencing. Results: At baseline, the Bact2 enterotype was more prevalent in subjects with aggravated obesity and metabolic alterations. After weight loss, diversity increased and Bact2 prevalence decreased in subjects with lower GM diversity at baseline, notably in LMP consumers. Significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis and significant decreases of Eubacterium rectale, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterial lineages were observed after weight loss. Conclusion: Baseline microbiome composition is associated with differential changes in GM diversity and Bact2 enterotype prevalence after weight loss. Examining these signatures could drive future personalized nutrition efforts towards more favorable microbiome compositions.

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A High-Tryptophan Diet Reduces Seizure-Induced Respiratory Arrest and Alters the Gut Microbiota in DBA/1 Mice

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.762323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qiang Yue ◽

Mingfei Cai ◽

Bo Xiao ◽

Qiong Zhan ◽

Chang Zeng

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Respiratory Arrest ◽

Acoustic Stimulation ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Unexpected Death ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Background and Aims: Central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) defects are responsible for the occurrence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The DBA/1 mouse is an animal model of SUDEP since the mouse exhibits audiogenic seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA). The synthesis of central 5-HT is closely related to the gut microbiota. Moreover, emerging studies suggest a possible role for the microbiota in mitigating seizure likelihood. Based on this, we aimed to explore the effect of a high-tryptophan diet (HTD) on SUDEP as well as the synthesis and metabolism of central 5-HT. Furthermore, we investigated the involvement of the gut microbiota in this process.Methods: All DBA/1 mice were subjected to acoustic stimulation to induce seizures. Only those mice that exhibited S-IRA were randomly assigned to the normal diet (ND) group (n = 39) or HTD group (n = 53). After 1 month of dietary intervention, (1) S-IRA rates were evaluated, (2) the concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the plasma and brain were determined by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography, and (3) the fecal flora biodiversity and species composition were analyzed by 16S rDNA microbiota profiling.Results: The S-IRA rate in DBA/1 mice was significantly reduced in the HTD group compared with that in the control group. HTD increased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in both the telencephalon and midbrain. HTD significantly elevated the species richness and diversity of the gut microbiota. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the gut microbiota composition between the two groups, and the intestinal flora was dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria after HTD.Conclusions: HTD is efficient in lowering S-IRA rates and elevating the central 5-HT level in DBA/1 mice. The gut microbiota was altered after HTD intervention. The significant increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria may be related to the SUDEP-protective effect of HTD. Our findings shed light on a candidate choice of dietary prevention for SUDEP.

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Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/7195082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Chuanqi Wan ◽

Chen Zhu ◽

Gulei Jin ◽

Min Zhu ◽

Junyi Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Indicator ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Dominant Bacteria ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality. Microbiota is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the microbiotas of 300 healthy controls, 300 patients with high blood pressure (HBP), and 300 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The results indicated no significant difference in microbiota diversity among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ). However, differences in microbiota richness among the three groups were significant ( P < 0.05 ). Bacteroidetes and Bacteroidia were the dominant bacteria in the CHD group, Enterobacteriales and Escherichia-shigella in the HBP group, and Acidaminococcaceae and Phascolarctobacterium in the healthy control group. The prediction results of the random forest model indicated that the population with CHD displayed prominent features with high sensitivity, indicating that microbiota detection might become a novel clinical indicator to predict and monitor the risk of cardiovascular events. The prediction of microbiota function suggested differences in oxygen supply and chronic inflammation between populations with HBP/CHD and healthy populations. Although there is no difference in gut microbiota diversity among the three groups, each group has its dominant microbiota in terms of richness.

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Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant’s Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8050753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 753

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Xiaoli Chen ◽

Yun Yu ◽

Yanqun Liu ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Maternal Education ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Critical Role ◽

First Year ◽

Significant Difference ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

The Relationship ◽

Microbiota Diversity ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Infant temperament characteristics play a critical role in children’s developmental pathways and can predict adulthood psychopathology. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with human temperament in both adults and young children. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament in 12-month-old infants is rarely studied; this developmental period is when temperament reaches a relatively stable stage. We used high-throughput sequencing methods to explore whether temperament characteristics were associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. Infants’ fecal samples were collected at 12 months of age for the gut microbiota analysis. Based on the primary caregivers’ reports, infants’ temperaments were measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-revised (IBQ-R). This study included 51 infants, including 20 boys and 31 girls, with a mean age of 12.25 months. Results showed that soothability was positively correlated with maternal education level (β = 0.29, p = 0.043, adjust p = 0.025) and the abundance of Bifidobacterium genera (β = 0.62, p = 0.004, adjust p = 0.002). Conversely, cuddliness was negatively correlated with the abundance of Hungatella genera. There was no significant difference in temperament based on gender. This study demonstrated that gut microbiota composition was associated with temperament in 12-month-old infants. These results point to the importance of gut microbiota balance. Future studies on the mechanisms behind the gut microbiota affecting temperament are warranted.

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Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Lasofoxifene Suppresses Spondyloarthritis Manifestation and Affects Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Zymosan-induced SKG Mice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-108668/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hyemin Jeong ◽

In Young Kim ◽

Eun-Kyung Bae ◽

Chan Hong Jeon ◽

Kwang-Sung Ahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrogen Receptor ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Small Animal ◽

Joint Inflammation ◽

Fecal Calprotectin ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Receptor Modulator ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Background: Ankylosing spondylitis is a male-predominant disease and previous study revealed that estrogen has an anti-inflammatory effect on the spondyloarthritis (SpA) manifestations in zymosan-induced SKG mice. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator lasofoxifene (Laso) on disease activity of SpA. Methods: Mice were randomized into zymosan-treated, zymosan + 17β-estradiol (E2)-treated, and zymosan + Laso-treated groups. Clinical arthritis scores were measured, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) small-animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed to quantify joint inflammation. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured. Fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to determine gut microbiota differences. Results: Both zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice showed lower arthritis clinical scores and lower 18F-FDG uptake than zymosan-treated mice. BMD was significantly higher in zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice than zymosan-treated mice, respectively. Fecal calprotectin levels were significantly elevated at 8 weeks after zymosan injection in zymosan-treated mice, but it was not significantly changed in zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice. Gut microbiota diversity of zymosan-treated mice was significantly different from zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso-treated mice, respectively. There was no significant difference in gut microbiota diversity between zymosan + E2-treated mice and zymosan + Laso -treated mice. Conclusions: Selective ER modulator Laso inhibited joint inflammation and enhanced BMD in SKG mice, a model of SpA. Laso also affected the composition and biodiversity of gut microbiota. This study provides new knowledge regarding that selected SpA patients could benefit from selective ER modulator treatment.

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